诊断试验评价的Meta分析方法

目的介绍诊断试验评价的Meta分析方法。方法以7篇B超诊断脂肪肝的研究为例，运用调整SROC法对其进行综合评价。结果用调整SROC法求得B超的灵敏度为0．89(95％CI：0．87～0．92)，特异度为0．94(95％CI：0．92～0．96)，Q值为0．90。结果表明，B超的诊断价值较高，可作为脂肪肝诊断的有效方法。结论运用诊断试验评价的Meta分析方法，可对诊断试验的诊断价值做出综合评价，增加研究结论的统计功效，提高结论的可靠性。     

结核分枝杆菌耐利福平诊断试验的系统评价

目的采用Meta分析的方法评价LiPA和phage-based assays法检测结核分枝杆菌耐利祸平诊断试验的准确性：方法通过检索PubMed、EMbase、CBMWeb、CSJD、CJFD数据库和其他方式广泛收集文献：根据QUADAS质量评价标准评价纳入文献的质量，用Meta-Disc软件对其敏感度、特异度、阳性似然比、阴性似然比等进行合并分析，并进行异质性检验，对无异质性的研究绘制SROC曲线。结果最终纳入42篇文献：（1）LiPA法检测结核分支杆菌耐利福平时，7个研究以BACTEC460法为参考，合并敏感度0.98，合并特异度0.98，SROC（AUC）=0.9924；6个研究以proportion法为参考，合并敏感度0.97，合并特异度1.00，SROC（AUC）=0.9961；3个研究以BACTEC460、Proportion法作为参考，合斤敏感度0.92，合并特异度0.98，SROC（AUC）=0.9842；（2）噬菌体扩增法（商用）检测结核分枝杆菌耐利福平的7个研究，以BACTEC460、Proportion法为参考，合并敏感度0.95，合并特异度0.95，SROC（AUC）=0.9842，（3）噬菌体扩增法（内部的）检测结核分支杆菌耐利福平的7个研究，以BACTEC460、比例法、绝对浓度法和电阻率法为参考，其合并敏感度0.98，合并特异度0.98，SROC（AUC）=0.9949；（4）光素酶噬菌体报告技术检测结核分枝杆菌耐利福平的7个研究，以BACTEC460、比例法、绝对浓度法为参考，其合并敏感度0.98，合并特异度0.98，SROC（AUC）=0.9788。结论现有研究证实：（1）采用分离培养时，噬菌体检测法存检洲结核分枝杆菌耐利福平方面具有较高的敏感度和特异度，在提高耐多药结核病诊断准确性方面具有潜力、（2）LiPA任检测结俊分枝杆菌耐利福平方面也具有较高的敏感度和特异度，但直接应用临床标本检测时敏感度似乎稍有下降一上述结果尚需更多设计严谨、科学的临床试验进一步证实。     

Diagnostic value of RASSF1A hypermethylation in colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis

Purpose

Ras association domain family 1 isoform A (RASSF1A), a member of Ras association domain family, plays an important role in tumorigenesis. The goal of our meta-analysis was to assess the diagnostic value of RASSF1A hypermethylation in colorectal cancer (CRC).

Diagnostic utility of automated indirect immunofluorescence compared to manual indirect immunofluorescence for anti-nuclear antibodies in patients with systemic rheumatic diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective

This study aimed to review and compare the analytical and clinical performance of automated indirect immunofluorescence (AIIF) and manual indirect immunofluorescence (MIIF) as anti-nuclear antibody screening assays for patients with systemic rheumatic diseases (SRDs), such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and systemic sclerosis (SSc).

A multivariate method for meta‐analysis and comparison of diagnostic tests

We present here an extension of the classic bivariate random effects meta‐analysis for the log‐transformed sensitivity and specificity that can be applied for two or more diagnostic tests. The advantage of this method is that a closed‐form expression is derived for the calculation of the within‐studies covariances. The method allows the direct calculation of sensitivity and specificity, as well as, the diagnostic odds ratio, the area under curve and the parameters of the summary receiver operator's characteristic curve, along with the means for a formal comparison of these quantities for different tests. There is no need for individual patient data or the simultaneous evaluation of both diagnostic tests in all studies. The method is simple and fast; it can be extended for several diagnostic tests and can be fitted in nearly all statistical packages. The method was evaluated in simulations and applied in a meta‐analysis for the comparison of anti‐cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody and rheumatoid factor for discriminating patients with rheumatoid arthritis, with encouraging results. Simulations suggest that the method is robust and more powerful compared with the standard bivariate approach that ignores the correlation between tests. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

采用SROC曲线法系统评价端粒酶检测筛查肺癌的效果

目的：利用SROC曲线方法系统评价端粒酶在肺癌诊断中的临床意义。方法以“端粒酶”和“肺癌”为主题词,对近20年公开发表的学术期刊进行检索,纳入文献并收集数据,利用Meta-DiSc 1．4软件进行SROC分析。结果1．取样为组织标本的22篇文献,异质性比较大（P＝0．017）,应用随机效应模型对数据分析,合并灵敏度和特异度分别是0．788（0．761～0．814）和0．955（0．936～0．969）,SROC曲线下面积AUC为0．9515,SE（ AUC）＝0．0145;2．取样为灌洗液标本的10篇文献,不存在异质性（P＝0．633）,应用固定效应模型对数据分析,合并灵敏度和特异度分别是0．777（0．734～0．816）和0．922（0．888～0．948）,SROC曲线下面积AUC为0．9369,SE（AUC）＝0．0141。结论端粒酶是一种较理想的肿瘤标记物,尤其是肺泡灌洗液中端粒酶的活性检测用于辅助临床诊断具有较高的稳定性和准确度。     

A meta-analytic comparison of echocardiographic stressors

Background: The relative performance of alternative stressors for stress echocardiography for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) is not well established. Methods: All studies published between 1981 to December 2001 who met inclusion criteria were included in this analysis. We performed a summary receiver operator characteristic (SROC) analysis and calculated weighted mean of the likelihood ratio and sensitivity/specificity. A covariate analysis using meta-regression methods was also performed. Results: Forty-four studies presented data on Exercise, 11 on Adenosine, 80 on Dobutamine, 40 on Dipyridamole, 16 on transatrial pacing transesophageal echocardiography (Tap-TEE), and 7 on transatrial pacing transthorasic echocardiography (Tap-TTE). SROC analysis showed that the following order of most discriminatory to least: Tap-TEE, Exercise, Dipyridamole, Dobutamine and Adenosine. Weighted means sensitivity/specificity were Exercise: 82.6/84.4%, Adenosine: 68.4/80.9%, Dobutamine: 79.6/85.1%, Dipyridamole: 71.0/92.2%, Tap-TTE: 90.7/86.1%, and Tap-TEE: 86.2/91.3%. Covariate analysis showed that the discriminatory power of Exercise decreased with increasing mean age. Conclusions: Tap-TEE is a very accurate test for both ruling in and ruling out CAD although its invasiveness may limit its clinical acceptability. Exercise is a well-balanced satisfactory test for both ruling in and ruling out but performance might be lower for the elderly. Dobutamine offers a reasonable compromise for Exercise. Dipyridamole might be good for ruling in but not for ruling out CAD. The incapability in ruling-out CAD was a major problem in clinical application of the stress. Adenosine was the least useful stressor in diagnosing CAD.     

采用SROC曲线评价我国唐氏综合征产前筛查方法的效果

目的在通过收集20年来国内唐氏综合征产前筛查情况发表的文献,利用SROC曲线方法分析唐氏综合征产前筛查的效果。方法以"唐氏综合征"、"产前筛查"和"产前诊断"为主题词,对《中国生物医学文献数据库》1987～2007年20年的文献进行检索,纳入文献收集数据,利用SAS8.1软件制作SROC曲线。结果根据SROC曲线,可以分析其筛查方法的最佳临界点,可以比较同一筛查方法的不同研究以及比较不同的筛查方法的效果。结论SROC曲线方法可应用于唐氏综合征产前筛查方法的评价,其结果对筛查方法的正确选取有一定的意义。     

EUS: a meta-analysis of test performance in suspected choledocholithiasis

BACKGROUND: EUS has been proposed as a less invasive means of diagnosing choledocholithiasis and may eliminate the need for ERCP and its associated risks. The literature pertaining to EUS for the diagnosis of choledocholithiasis reports widely varying sensitivities and specificities. OBJECTIVE: To more precisely estimate the diagnostic accuracy of EUS in suspected choledocholithiasis. DESIGN: MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were used to identify prospective cohort studies in which the results of EUS were compared with the results of an acceptable criterion standard, including ERCP, intraoperative cholangiography, or surgical exploration. Two independent reviewers extracted standardized data and assessed trial quality. A random effects model was used to estimate the sensitivity, specificity, likelihood, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and a summary receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed. All predefined potential sources of heterogeneity were explored by subgroup analysis and meta-regression. PATIENTS: A total of 2673 patients with suspected choledocholithiasis were reported in 27 studies that satisfied the inclusion criteria. RESULTS: EUS had a high overall pooled sensitivity of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.93-0.96), a specificity of 0.95 (95% CI, 0.94-0.96), and an area under the curve of 0.98. Three variables appeared to yield a higher DOR: a higher disease prevalence, an adequate time interval between index test and criterion standards, and the presence of verification bias. LIMITATIONS: Misclassification of patients by imperfect criterion standards could potentially underestimate the performance of an EUS. CONCLUSIONS: An EUS is a noninvasive test, with excellent overall sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing choledocholithiasis. An EUS should, therefore, be used to select patients for a therapeutic ERCP to minimize the risk of complications associated with unnecessary diagnostic ERCP.