注射用肉毒毒素制剂及其研发进展

肉毒毒素(Botulinum Toxin,BoNT)已成为现代医学最具多用途的治疗药物之一。通过将肉毒毒素注射到特定过度活动的肌肉中,可以阻断神经和肌肉之间的信号传导,引起肌肉的松弛性麻痹,从而达到治疗的功效。从业者应熟悉各类产品的特性,以实现安全有效地使用。除了已经上市的众多肉毒毒素产品外,目前还在开发其他新型制剂,这些产品将会进一步扩大肉毒毒素的适用范围,以及给患者提供更多的选择。     

Fluorimetric assay of rufloxacin in serum and in pharmaceutical formulations

A simple and rapid fluorimetric method for the determination of 9-fluoro-10-[N-(4′-methyl)piperazinyl]-7-oxo-2,3-dihydro-7H-pyrido[1,2,3-d,e][1–4]benzothyazin-6-carboxylic acid hydrochloride (MF 934), in serum and in pharmaceutical formulations, has been developed based on its strong fluorescence, in 0.1 N H₂SO₄, at 526 nm (excitation wavelength at 340 nm). The procedure which involves the direct dilution of the sample requires only a few minutes and the sample volume is only 20–100 μl of serum, depending on the drug concentration. Tedious sample preparation procedures such as extraction, deproteinization, or centrifugation are not necessary. The minimum concentration that can be detected is 0.3 ng ml⁻¹, the standard curve in 0.1 N H₂SO₄ was found to be linear from 0.005 to 1.5 μg ml⁻¹ and from 0.01 to 0.07 g in plasma after dilution with 0.1 N H₂SO₄.     

腮腺外面神经颊支的应用解剖研究

目的:观测面神经颊支出腮腺后的各级分支,为相关外科手术提供解剖学依据。方法:10例(20侧)防腐人头标本,描述面神经颊支出腮腺后的走行、定位及层次。结果:面神经颊支出腮腺后分为2～4支,均走行在SMAS筋膜下;颊Ⅰ、颊Ⅱ恒定出现,其一级分支距腮腺导管分别为(1.1±0.5)cm及(0.5±0.3)cm,且分别向前走行(1.3±0.9)cm及(1.8±0.5)cm后发出二级分支。结论:面神经颊支较为恒定,在面瘫治疗中健侧面神经颊支的二级分支可以作为受体神经,可不损伤面神经颊支主干。面神经颊支的分布及走行也可指导除皱术、扩张器植入、瘢痕切除等手术的剥离范围,不致产生并发症。     

颊脂体的外科解剖及其临床意义

对30侧成人颊脂体的形态，位置和血液供应进行了观测。颊脂体血供为多源性，主要血管蒂为上颌动脉的颊动脉和面动脉的颊支。依据上述血管蒂的解剖学走向和分布，颊脂体转位可修复邻近的颌面部和口腔软组织缺损。     

颊鳞状细胞癌组织中血管内皮生长因子的表达

目的 :研究颊鳞状细胞癌 (颊癌 )组织中血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)表达与颊癌细胞生长、转移及预后的关系。方法 :用免疫组织化学法对 37例颊癌标本进行染色 ,观察VEGF的阳性表达率 ,并结合病理和随访资料作统计分析。结果 :37例颊癌组织中VEGF的总阳性表达率为 91 .89% ,有淋巴结转移者VEGF强阳性占 69.2 3 % ,无淋巴结转移者VEGF强阳性占 33 .33 % (χ2 =6 .48,P <0 .0 1 ) ;VEGF和肿瘤浸润深度密切相关 (r =4.54 ,P <0 .0 1 ) ;5a生存组VEGF阳性率低于 5a内死亡组 (χ2 =3 .90 ,P <0 .0 5) ;COX分析结果表明VEGF可作为独立的预后判断指标 (风险比 =2 .90 ,χ2 =7.95 ,P <0 .0 1 )。结论 :VEGF在颊癌生长转移中发挥重要作用 ,可以作为颊癌预后的指标     

Testosterone in a Cyclodextrin-Containing Formulation: Behavioral and Physiological Effects of Episode-like Pulses in Rats

Testosterone, administered in the form of an inclusion complex with 2-hydroxypropyl--cyclodextrin by subcutaneous injection, enters the circulation in a manner markedly similar to the natural episodic release by the testes. The effects of a regimen of once-a-day administration of complexed testosterone to adult (castrated or intact) rats and to senescent (intact) rats were investigated. Although this procedure left the castrated animals with concentrations of circulatory hormone far below physiological levels for much of the day, a significant improvement in androgen-sensitive behavior and physiology was obtained. Furthermore, the testosterone effects were more pronounced when high doses were used periodically rather than when the same total amount of testosterone was equally divided among doses. The same supplementation to intact rats intensified androgen-sensitive behavior and physiology over normal levels. In senescent rats uniform pulses of the testosterone complex also improved behavior and physiology. Specifically, spermatogenesis was stimulated and, notably, the treatment increased muscle weight without substantial enlargement of the prostate. Since the testosterone–cyclodextrin complex also can be effectively administered as a sublingual tablet, the data suggest that similar regimens may be recommended for elderly men suffering from decreases in muscle mass.