An international survey of MRI qualification and certification frameworks with an emphasis on identifying elements of good practice

The purpose of the study was to survey MRI qualification and certification frameworks in the major English-speaking countries (Australia, New Zealand, US, Canada, UK, Ireland) with the aim of identifying elements of good practice. The intention is to incorporate these elements in a national framework that could be used in supporting an MRI specialist register. The study was conducted using document analysis of MRI qualification and certification documents from these states with data triangulated through a web-based questionnaire amongst an expert group of MRI radiographers (n = 59) from the same states. Based on the results of the study, recommendations have been put forward for those countries that are in the process of developing such frameworks. The main recommendations include that a professional or regulatory body externally accredits MRI programmes and that learning outcomes be based on an MRI competence profile that addresses current and forecasted needs of the particular country. The MRI competence profile should encompass a novice-to expert continuum and be referenced directly to a national qualification framework. Ideally each level of expertise should be assessed and evidenced by a portfolio of CPD activities, including clinical and management case studies appropriate to that level.     

2013年连州市农村饮水安全工程水质卫生状况调查

目的了解连州市2013年农村饮水安全工程水质卫生状况,为有效运行管理提供依据。方法对连州市12个乡镇的185个农村饮水安全工程水质卫生状况进行调查,随机抽取45个监测点,分别于枯水期和丰水期采集出厂水和末梢水进行检测。结果全市185宗农村饮水安全工程中,具备完全水处理工艺工程的占11.35%,大多数工程仅对水质沉淀、过滤处理;日供水量300t的占70.05%,82.17%的工程未对水质进行消毒或有效消毒。共采集180份,合格率60.56%,枯水期、丰水期水质分别为52.22%、68.89%,不同采样时期、水处理方式、供水能力、消毒情况合格率差异均有统计学意义(P值均0.05)。主要超标项目是微生物学指标。结论连州市农村饮水安全工程水质合格率偏低,微生物污染较为严重,存在传播介水传染病的隐患。     

Dental and medical dual qualification in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: a global identity

The argument of whether or not Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (OMFS) should have both dental and medical core education in the training pathway remains an issue of debate and contention to date. The mid-90s witnessed a gradual trend internationally towards a dual qualification which has slowed down or come to a standstill the last 10 years. This has been more evident in rapidly growing nations in the Middle East/North Africa and Asian subcontinent regions. The maxillofacial identity of a dual degree is being questioned in OMFS-pioneering countries, such as the United Kingdom (UK), which has played a role in the domination of the single degree pathway globally. In this mini review, we will attempt to shed light on the aforementioned regions and put forward a more global role the UK can play in standardising education and training while addressing the cost burden of the dual qualification pathway.     

美国国家哮喘教育认证委员会关于哮喘教育者资格认证的概述

概述美国国家哮喘教育者认证委员会(NAECB)关于哮喘教育者资格认证的背景、目的、方法、现状及发展,重点介绍哮喘教育者资格认证考试,以期为我国未来专业的哮喘教育者资格认证提供参考。     

西藏自治区民族药类执业药师资格准入制度初探

目的:探讨开展民族药类执业药师资格准入制度,保障少数民族地区民众用药安全、合理、有效、经济。方法:通过访谈法、问卷调查法了解西藏自治区民族药类执业药师现状。结果与结论:西藏自治区的执业药师存在缺口大、挂证的现象,全区缺乏真正能指导藏药生产、经营与使用的执业药师,究其原因是目前尚未开展藏药执业药师的资格准入。     

我国网上药店资质安全现状调查研究

目的：对我国合法网上药店资质现状进行调查分析,了解国家主要监管政策,为网上药店的健康发展提供参考依据。方法：用网站调研的方法对我国33家合法网上药店进行逐个调查统计,计算网上药店资质安全项目比例。用文献研究的方法了解国家法律对资质安全的维护措施。结果：91%的网上药店给出的资质项目不齐全,93%的受访者能认识到资质安全的重要性但不了解其具体内容。结论：消费者对资质安全相关内容了解不全面,不会利用相关法律维护自身合法权益,网上药店应补充欠缺的资质文件,加大资质安全相关教育。     

加强人文知识教育 全面提升政工干部素质——盐城市医院政工干部人文知识素质调查分析

通过对江苏省盐城市各级医院109名政工干部所开展的人文知识素质抽样调查和分析研究，认为当前医院思想政治工作队伍人文知识掌握情况不容乐观，如人文知识相对缺乏、对人文教育重要性的认识也不够到位等。探讨性地提出：提高政工干部素质要从增强人文知识的基本素质做起：政工干部应主动适应知识经济的挑战；政工干部人才成长本身需要人文知识的启迪；思想政治工作以人文文化为切入点才能把握时代脉搏；人文文化教育与思想政治工作共进是建设和谐医患关系的基础；造就有知识有文化的政工干部队伍。     

《黄帝内经》针刺浅深量学之思考

从病位、病性、病人的形质、季节时令和经脉及其循行部位等方面就《黄帝内经》对针刺浅深的量化做一综述,同时对目前针刺浅深量化研究作了简要的回顾。笔者以为针刺浅深量化应立足于中医古典文献,并以提高临床疗效为目的,从而为进一步加强针刺手法的研究提供新的思路。     

Validation of Toxtree and SciQSAR in silico predictive software using a publicly available benchmark mutagenicity database and their applicability for the qualification of impurities in pharmaceuticals

The draft ICH M7 guidance (US FDA, 2013) recommends that the computational assessment of bacterial mutagenicity for the qualification of impurities in pharmaceuticals be performed using an expert rule-based method and a second statistically-based (Q)SAR method. The public nonproprietary 6489 compound Hansen benchmark mutagenicity data set was used as an external validation data set for Toxtree, a free expert rule-based SAR software. This is the largest known external validation of Toxtree. The Toxtree external validation specificity, sensitivity, concordance and false negative rate for this mutagenicity data set was 66%, 80%, 74% and 20%, respectively.This mutagenicity data set was also used to create a statistically-based SciQSAR-Hansen mutagenicity model. In a 10% leave-group-out internal cross validation study the specificity, sensitivity, concordance and false negative rate for the SciQSAR mutagenicity model was 71%, 83%, 77% and 17%, respectively. Combining Toxtree and SciQSAR predictions and scoring a positive finding in either software as a positive mutagenicity finding reduced the false negative rate to 7% and increased sensitivity to 93% at the expense of specificity which decreased to 53%.The results of this study support the applicability of Toxtree, and the SciQSAR-Hansen mutagenicity model for the qualification of impurities in pharmaceuticals.