深插胃镜诊断十二指肠乳头以下病变的临床价值

目的 探讨深插胃镜对十二指肠乳头以下病变的诊断价值。方法 回顾性分析行胃镜检查[深插至十二指肠空肠曲(屈氏韧带附近)]的320例患者的临床资料、操作方法及检查结果。结果 320例患者中，深插至十二指肠升部成功率为93．12％，其中最多可以观察到十二指肠空肠以下8～10cm，所用时间约3～15min，发现十二指肠降部及以下病变85例。结论 深插胃镜对十二指肠乳头以下部位病变具有较好的诊断及治疗价值。     

Duodenal lymphangitis carcinomatosa: Endoscopic characteristics and clinical significance

Background and Aim: Duodenal lymphangitis carcinomatosa has been sporadically described, but so far little attention has been paid to duodenal lymphangitis carcinomatosa. Methods: Four cases with duodenal lymphangitis carcinomatosa were endoscopically and histologically examined. Results: The four cases exhibited multiple polypoid lesions along the Kerckring's folds and/or were covered by characteristically granular, non‐ulcerated mucosa upon thickening. The granularity seems to been caused by dilated lymph vessels containing the carcinoma cells. The lesions were microscopically characterized by: (i) involvement of lymph vessels located in the upper portion of the lamina propria; (ii) no inflammatory changes; and (iii) no desmoplastic changes. Primary sites were thought to be the stomach in case 1, the pancreas in cases 2 and 4, and unknown in case 3. All patients died within 6 months after admission or endoscopic examination. Conclusions: As duodenal lymphangitis carcinomatosis shows characteristic endoscopic appearance, endoscopic diagnosis is not difficult. We should realize that the lesion represents extremely poor prognosis, and it should be distinguished from ordinary metastatic duodenal carcinoma.     

Endoscopic fistulotomy and biliary drainage as the ultimate palliative treatment for obstruction due to malignant tumors of the papilla of Vater

Summary This report describes the technique and results of endoscopic fistulotomy as a drainage procedure in cases of malignant obstruction of the biliary system from bulky and friable growths in the papilla of Vater. Fistulotomy, coupled with insertion of stents, was successful in seven of eight patients and was associated with relief of jaundice. It is suggested that the method be applied when conventional transpapillary insertion of stents is impossible either due to distortion of the papilla or bleeding of the growth on touch.     

球后溃疡的X线诊断体会

目的 :探讨球后溃疡的 X线诊断。方法 :对 34例球后溃疡的 X线表现作出分析。结果 :经过 34例比较典型的球后溃疡的 X线诊断 ,体会到在进行气钡双重造影时 ,适当的体位能较好地显示病灶部位。而龛影和局部肠管狭窄为球后溃疡的主要X线表现 ,另外还表现为黏膜改变和局部激惹     

十二指肠憩室手术体会

目的探讨十二指肠憩室手术经验.方法总结1998～2003年间十二指肠憩室患者临床资料.结果该组22例,20例行单纯憩室切除,2例行胃部分切除胃空肠吻合术.结论十二指肠憩室手术,术中行十二指肠两端阻断、十二指肠腔内充气,单纯憩室切除率高,手术简便、省时.     

胰十二指肠损伤的临床特点及术后并发症危险因素分析

目的探讨胰十二指肠损伤的临床特点及术后并发症发生的危险因素。方法回顾性分析47例外伤性胰十二指肠损伤手术病例的临床特点,探讨年龄、术前/术中休克、胰十二指肠联合损伤、确诊时间及ISS、APACHEⅡ评分等因素与术后并发症发生率、死亡率的关系。结果47例病例中,腹部闭合性损伤占76.60%,开放性损伤23.40%,多发伤40.43%。胰腺损伤13例,十二指肠损伤28例,胰十二指肠联合损伤6例。术前确诊率为53.19%,手术诊断率97.87%,确诊时间(7.85±3.17)h。术后并发症发生率和死亡率分别为27.66%和8.51%。并发症组的术前/术中休克发生率、胰十二指肠联合损伤发生率、确诊时间、ISS、APACHEⅡ评分分别为53.85%、38.46%、(9.78±2.16)h、20.92±8.11、10.32±3.16,无并发症组分别为11.76%、2.94%、(6.81±2.35)h、16.47±5.28、7.12±2.74,组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01或<0.05)。死亡组ISS、APACHEⅡ评分值分别为29.17±10.31、14.75±5.37,显著高于无死亡组的16.85±6.73、8.39±3.13(P<0.01)。结论胰十二指肠损伤在病史、实验室及影像学检查方面具有其特点,综合分析有利于迅速明确诊断,休克、胰十二指肠联合损伤、确诊时间及高ISS、APACHEⅡ评分是其术后并发症发生的危险因素。     

Case report: CT of a duodenal paraganglioma

Paraganglioma is a neoplasm of neuroectodermal origin that occurs rarely in the bowel. This case report illustrates the previously undescribed CT appearance of a duodenal paraganglioma. An intensely enhancing mass in the region of the pancreatic head was found. The intense enhancement ruled out adenocarcinoma and focal pancreatitis. An islet cell tumor of the pancreas was the major differential diagnostic consideration.     

Effect of meal volume on gastric emptying

Abstract While the volume of a liquid meal has been identified as the principal accelerator of gastric emptying of liquids, the relationship between meal volume and gastric emptying of solids has been controversial. With solid foods, the need to reduce solid foods into small particles (trituration) before passage might obscure the effect of meal volume on solid propulsion. To distinguish trituration from driving force as the rate-limiting factor for emptying, 75 (1.6 mm) nylon spheres were fed along with different amounts of steak meals (150, 300 and 600 g), or alternatively, 50, 100 or 200 (1.6 mm) nylon spheres were fed to six dogs with 300 g steak meals. To examine the effect of meal volume on gastric emptying, we studied the effect of different meal volumes on the speed of gastric emptying of liquids (150, 300, 600 and 1200 ml of phosphate buffer) and solids (150, 300 and 600 g of cooked beef steak) in five dogs with duodenal fistulas. Intestinal inhibition was eliminated by diverting all chyme through the fistulas. In the absence of intestinal feedback, we found that gastric emptying of steak and spheres were different in that steak emptying was independent of meal volume (g min^-1 was constant across 150–600 g) while sphere emptying was affected by the number of spheres in the stomach and that liquid emptying was dependent on the meal volume (ml min^-1 increased across 150–1200 ml). Thus, meal volume accelerated gastric emptying provided the process is not rate-limited by trituration.     

原发性十二指肠肿瘤的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨十二指肠肿瘤的诊断及治疗。方法 回顾我院1984～2005年间收治29例PTD的临床资料进行分析。结果 良性肿瘤8例，恶性肿瘤21例。上腹部疼痛、消化道出血、呕吐、黄疸、消瘦、腹部包块等为本组病人的主要临床表现。术前十二指肠镜检查6例，均发现病灶。胃镜检查18例，9例发现病灶。B超检查20例，12例发现包块。十二指肠气钡双重造影7例，6例确诊。CT检查5例，4例确诊。全组病人均行手术治疗，术后随访6个月～21年。良性肿瘤均存活，恶性肿瘤死亡儿例，2年内死亡10例，5年死亡1例，10例生存，最长1例20年。结论 上腹部疼痛、消化道出血、呕吐是十二指肠肿瘤的最常见症状。十二指肠镜、十二指肠气钡双重造影、胃镜检查是最主要的检查手段；手术切除肿瘤是最基本、最有效的治疗方法。