孕产妇初乳及外周血矿物质含量及相关性分析

目的了解孕产妇初乳及外周血矿物质含量及其相关性。方法选取2019年5月在首都医科大学附属复兴医院生产的80名孕产妇为研究对象,收集其初乳及外周血。后采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱及原子荧光光谱测定其中9种矿物质含量,后利用SPSS 21.0探讨初乳中矿物质间及其与外周血之间的相关性。结果检测的9种矿物质中,初乳钠、钾、铁、镁、锌、铜、硒及锰含量低于外周血(P<0.05),而钙含量[(259.56±7.99)μg/mL]高于外周血[(32.76±3.31)μg/mL](P<0.05);钠、铁及硒与其在外周血含量呈显著正相关性(钠:r=0.272,P=0.019;铁:r=0.271,P=0.020;硒:r=0.341,P=0.003);同时初乳中一些矿物质之间亦存在显著相关性,如钾与锰(r=-0.236,P=0.043)、钾与镁(r=0.400,P<0.001)、钠与硒(r=0.509,P<0.001)、钙与铁(r=0.251,P=0.031)、镁与铜(r=0.395,P=0.001)及锌与硒(r=0.310,P=0.007)。结论研究结果提示某些矿物质元素可通过各种转运机制从血到母乳,实现积累效应;且该类元素间亦存在某些交互作用,可见维持母乳中各种矿物质元素间的动态平衡对于子代健康是非常重要的。     

Physiology of Intestinal Absorption and Secretion

Virtually all nutrients from the diet are absorbed into blood across the highly polarized epithelial cell layer forming the small and large intestinal mucosa. Anatomical, histological, and functional specializations along the gastrointestinal tract are responsible for the effective and regulated nutrient transport via both passive and active mechanisms. In this chapter, we summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the mechanism of intestinal absorption of key nutrients such as sodium, anions (chloride, sulfate, oxalate), carbohydrates, amino acids and peptides, lipids, lipid- and water-soluble vitamins, as well as the major minerals and micronutrients. This outline, including the molecular identity, specificity, and coordinated activities of key transport proteins and genes involved, serves as the background for the following chapters focused on the pathophysiology of acquired and congenital intestinal malabsorption, as well as clinical tools to test and treat malabsorptive symptoms.     

Rootstock effect on serotonin and nutritional quality of tomatoes produced under low temperature and light conditions

In this study, we explored the capacity of different tomato rootstocks to improve the nutritional value of tomatoes grown in a greenhouse during the winter–spring period under low temperature and light conditions. The results showed that relative to nongrafted plants, some grafted rootstocks either did not affect or had detrimental effects on the nutritional parameters measured. In addition, the amount of serotonin was significantly lower in tomatoes from all grafted rootstocks than in tomatoes from the nongrafted plants. Nevertheless, relative to the nongrafted plants, some grafted treatments increased total macroelements (by 1.16 times), total microelements (by 1.43 times), protein content (by 17%), free total and essential amino acids (by respectively 23% and 19%), total phenolic compounds (by 11%), vitamin C (by 13.8%), lycopene (by 48%), and also total hydrocinnamic acids (by 67%) and flavonoids (by 279%). As the grafted treatments did not increase the tomato yield, we hypothesize that these compounds accumulated in the tomatoes due to the lack of increased biomass, which prevented a dilution effect on the compounds of interest in the fruits.     

HPLC法同时测定多维元素片中维生素A和维生素E的含量

目的建立高效液相色谱(HPLC)法同时测定多维元素片中维生素A和维生素E的含量。方法采用C18色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm);流动相为甲醇-水(98∶2);流速为1.0mL·min-1;检测波长为265nm;柱温为25℃。结果维生素A和维生素E的线性关系良好,相关系数(r)均大于0.999 9;专属性强,维生素A、维生素E与药品中其他成分之间均有良好的分离度;稳定性和精密度良好,相对标准偏差(RSD值)均小于1.0%;回收率良好,回收率在91.07%~92.85%之间;稳定性能满足实验要求。结论该法可同时定性和定量分析多维元素片中的维生素A和维生素E,其方法的精密度、回收率和检出限能满足实际检测要求,可用于该制剂中维生素A和维生素E的监测。     

A comparison of the nutrient content of uncooked and cooked lean from New Zealand beef and lamb

The composition in terms of proximate analysis, cholesterol, vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids of the lean tissue of 17 beef cuts and 18 lamb cuts was determined on within-cut composite samples (each containing lean tissue from at least 7 animals), following the knife-separation of raw and cooked cuts into lean, fat, and bone. Composite lean samples for 4 beef cuts and 4 lamb cuts were also analysed for amino-acid composition. For analysis, different cuts were the experimental unit as individual animal data were not available. The composition of lean from beef and lamb was shown to be highly desirable with a high nutrient density (mg/kJ) for many nutrients. Although lean from beef and lamb were very similar in many respects, several significant differences were detected. Changes in composition with cooking were largely eliminated when considered on a dry-matter basis, but proportions of the n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids increased with cooking (P < 0.05). The amino acid composition was similar for lean from beef and lamb but showed small deviations from recommended patterns for human nutrition with branched chain amino acids being limiting.     

The content of selected minerals and vitamin C for potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) from the high Tiber Valley area,southeast Tuscany

Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) from the high Tiber valley area (TVA; Tuscany, Italy), have been sampled and analyzed for selected mineral content (Na, Mg, K, Ca, and Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn) and vitamin C, the year 2012; some samples from 2011 and 2013 crops were also collected and analyzed. The varieties were Daytona (DAY), Kennebec (KEN), Sifra (SIF) and Volare (VOL). Control samples consisted of mixed commercial varieties from the local market, namely C1, C2 and C3. The low content of sodium, especially for KEN (46 ± 3 mg/kg FD (freeze dry), year 2012) and SIF (47 ± 3) (VOL (55 ± 3) and DAY (61 ± 3) have a little higher values) is worth of note and in agreement with the scarce concentration of Na in the soil (291 ± 12 mg/kg DM). Magnesium was abundant in KEN (1434 ± 75 mg/kg FD, year 2012) and VOL (1334 ± 70). The content of K for DAY and KEN (13,147 ± 900 and 13,185 ± 900 mg/kg FD) was higher than for VOL and SIF; whereas Ca was in the range 340 ± 16–490 ± 28 mg/kg FD. The contents of Cu and Zn were higher in KEN (8.1 ± 0.3 and 25 ± 1 mg/kg FD) when compared to the other varieties and controls. The content of vitamin C is high for KEN and SIF and decreased significantly upon cooking (50% for KEN).