A comparative immunohistochemical study of malignant mesothelioma and renal cell carcinoma: the diagnostic utility of Leu-M1, Ber EP4, Tamm-Horsfall protein and thrombomodulin

Metastatic renal cell carcinoma has occasionally been reported to mimic malignant pleural mesothelioma. Morphologically, histochemically and immunohistochemically, similarities in the two tumours exist making their differentiation difficult, particularly in biopsy specimens. The aim of this study was to make a comparative immunohistochemical analysis of the two tumours by use of a panel of four antibodies (Leu M1; Ber EP4; thrombomodulin and Tamm-Horsfall protein). Their suitability in differentiating between the two tumours was assessed. We examined 20 cases of renal cell carcinoma and 20 cases of malignant pleural mesothelioma. On immunostaining with Leu M1, 14 of 20 renal cell carcinomas were positive, yielding 70% sensitivity and 95% specificity and one of 20 mesotheliomas. In comparison, Ber EP4 antibody stained only seven of 20 of the renal cell carcinomas. In addition, it was noted that four tubulopapillary pattern renal cell carcinomas stained positively with both anti-Leu M1 antibody and Ber EP4 antibody. Thrombomodulin immunostaining was present in 11 of 20 mesotheliomas (55% sensitivity and demonstrated 95% specificity) and one of 20 renal cell carcinomas. For epithelial mesotheliomas only, thromobomodulin staining was identified in 10 of 14 cases. In the differentiation of renal cell carcinoma from epithelial mesothelioma we recommend the use of Leu M1 and thrombomodulin as diagnostically useful markers. None of the antibodies used in this study was effective in distinguishing sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma from sarcomatous mesothelioma. Tamm-Horsfall protein showed little diagnostic utility in differentiating the two tumours.     

噪声中EP信号的提取算法及研究进展

诱发电位的提取是脑电信号处理领域的前沿课题近年来 ,通过少次甚至单次试验提取诱发电位已经成为研究的主流。本文对近年来提取诱发电位的信号处理方法进行了简要的回顾 ,并分别从小波变换、神经网络、高阶累积量、独立分量分析等四个方面对算法进行了介绍     

反义核酸技术及应用

反义核酸技术是用人工合成的或生物合成的特定互补的DNA或RNA片段阻断从基因到蛋白的信息流 ,以达到抑制或阻断基因表达的生物新技术。利用核酸分子杂交原理将反义寡核苷酸 (antisenseoligonucleotide,ASON)作为外源性基因表达抑制物结合到靶mRNA序列上阻止其翻译成蛋白[1 ] 。具有杂交特异性和选择性调节基因的表达的特点[2 ] ,这一技术不仅已成为常用的实验室研究方法 ,还广泛的应用于研究病毒、肿瘤、寄生虫和遗传性疾病的预防和治疗 ,具有重要的应用前景。对于人类基因的研究 ,人们采用分子克隆、分子杂交、PCR技术等一系列研究…     

湖北钟祥市先天畸形及遗传性疾病整群抽样调查分析

湖北省钟祥市先天畸形及遗传病整群抽样调查８７９４０人，查出遗传性疾病６６种，总患病率为２２．１４‰，男患病率为２３．６２‰，女患病率为２０．６１‰。性别患病率及疾病谱差别有显著意义。     

血中原卟啉一级标准物质的研制及其应用

血中原卟啉（EP）是一项评价铅接触人群健康危险度的生物监测指标，也是筛查缺铁性贫血的敏感和特异性指标。为了保证EP测定的准确度，控制分析误差，在分析中应用血EP的标准物质进行质量控制是很有必要的。根据国家计量局颁布的国家一级标准物质技术规范要求，进行了EP冻干血标准物质的研制工作。收集新鲜牛血，加入EP标准，混匀后分装，冷冻干燥，密封后辐射灭菌，低温避光保存。对样品的均匀性及稳定性进行了检验，结果符合国家一级标准物质的规定。并按照国家一级标准物质的要求，组织了9个实验室，使用灵敏、准确的方法进行定值，取得了准确的特性量值。该标准物质经过国内有关实验室试用，通过专家审查鉴定，已被国家技术监督局批准为国家一级标准物质，样品编号为GBW09136、GBW09137。     

桂枝汤及其活性成分对EP3受体激动剂诱导发热的影响

的 :研究桂枝汤及其有效成分对EP₃ 受体激动剂诱导大鼠发热的影响。方法 :对比观察侧脑室注射sulprostone(Sul)发热模型组与桂枝汤、肉桂醛、肉桂酸和白芍总苷治疗组大鼠体温变化。结果 :桂枝汤和肉桂醛灌胃均能抑制Sul脑室注射诱导的体温升高 ,白芍总苷腹腔注射可使发热大鼠体温降至正常以下 ,而肉桂酸倾向于增强该发热反应。结论 :抑制EP₃ 受体后与发热相关的信号转导通路可能是桂枝汤、肉桂醛和白芍总苷的解热作用机理之一 ,而肉桂酸可能对该通路无明显影响。     

Prostaglandin E2 Directly Inhibits Bone-Resorbing Activity of Isolated Mature Osteoclasts Mainly Through the EP4 Receptor

Prostaglandins (PGs) are well known to be important local factors in regulating bone formation and resorption. PGE₂ is a potent stimulator of bone resorption because of enhancing osteoclast formation by its indirect action through stromal cells. However, the direct action of PGE₂ on functionally mature osteoclasts is still controversial. In this study using highly purified rabbit mature osteoclasts, we examined the direct effect of PGE₂ on osteoclastic bone-resorbing activity and its mechanism. PGE₂ inhibited resorption pit formation on a dentine slice by the purified osteoclasts in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect appeared as early as 4 hours after the PGE₂ addition. Forskolin and 12-0-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), respective activators of adenylate cyclase and protein kinase C, also decreased the osteoclastic bone-resorbing activity. PGE₂ increased the content of intracellular cAMP in a dose range effective for the inhibition of bone resorption, whereas the prostanoid did not alter the intracellular level of inositol triphosphate. The inhibition of osteoclastic bone resorption by PGE₂ was amplified and diminished by a cAMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor (isobutyl methylxanthine) and a protein kinase A inhibitor (Rp-cAMP), respectively. Of four different subtypes of PGE₂ receptors (EPs), EP4 mRNA was predominantly expressed in isolated osteoclasts, whereas the other types of EP mRNA were detected in only small amounts. These results suggest that the PGE₂ inhibitory effect was mediated by an adenylate cyclase system coupled with EP4. This possible association of PGE₂ with EP4 in mature osteoclasts was supported by the finding that a specific agonist of EP4 (AE-604) inhibited the bone-resorbing activity and elevated the intracellular cAMP content. However, butaprost, a selective EP2 agonist, also mimicked the PGE₂ effects on isolated osteoclasts although EP2 mRNA expression was minimal. In conclusion, PGE₂ directly inhibits bone-resorbing activity of functionally mature osteoclasts by activation of the adenylate cyclase system, perhaps mainly through EP4. Received: 21 July 1999 / Accepted: 31 January 2000     

双侧输卵管同时妊娠1例及文献复习

目的:探讨临床罕见病例——双侧输卵管妊娠的诊断及治疗方法。方法:通过病例报道和相关文献复习,对双侧输卵管妊娠的病因、诊断及治疗作一分析。结果:双侧输卵管妊娠发生率较低,容易漏诊,对患者造成不良影响甚大,早期诊断和治疗尤为重要。结论:辅助生殖技术(ART)为不孕症患者带来福音的同时,在一定程度上增加了异位妊娠(EP)的发生率,尤其是某些特殊类型的EP。对于可疑患者,超声和手术应仔细探查双侧附件的情况,以便早期发现和治疗。     

Prostaglandin E‐mediated molecular mechanisms driving remodeling of the ductus arteriosus

The ductus arteriosus (DA), a fetal arterial connection between the pulmonary arteries and aorta, normally closes after birth. Persistent DA patency usually has life‐threatening consequences. In certain DA‐dependent congenital heart diseases, however, patient survival depends on maintaining DA patency. Complete closure of the DA involves both functional closure, induced by muscle contraction, and anatomical closure, achieved through morphological and molecular remodeling. Anatomical closure of the DA is associated with the formation of intimal thickening, which is characterized by deposition of extracellular matrix in the subendothelial region, sparse elastic fiber formation, and migration of medial smooth muscle cells into the subendothelial space. In addition, fetal molecular remodeling that is suitable for postnatal muscle contraction has been observed in the DA. After the second trimester, high concentration of prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) causes the DA to dilate through the remainder of the fetal period. Emerging evidence from studies using pharmacological approaches and genetically modified mice suggests that, in addition to its vasodilatory effect, this chronic exposure to PGE₂ promotes DA‐specific anatomical and molecular remodeling through EP4, one of four receptor subtypes for PGE₂. Signals that are downstream of PGE₂‐EP4, such as cyclic AMP (cAMP)‐protein kinase A (PKA), exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac), phospholipase C, and Wnt/β‐catenin, may be involved in the regulation of intimal thickening, elastogenesis, and contraction‐related genes. Understanding the physiological role of PGE₂ in DA remodeling could enable more effective regulation of PDA, both in isolation and in the context of congenital cardiac anomalies.