高效液相色谱法测定绿茶和饮料中的咖啡因

采用反相高效液相色谱法，固定相为十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶，以乙腈-水(20：80)为流动相，检测波长274nm，测定绿茶和饮料中的咖啡因含量。结果线性范围为3．9～3900ng，r=O.9999；绿茶和2种饮料的平均加样回收率分别为100．2％、100．1％和99．8％。该方法准确、简便、快速，适合绿茶和可乐型饮料中咖啡因的测定。     

Beverage and water intake of healthy adults in some European countries

Abstract

Introduction: Nutritional surveys frequently collect some data of consumption of beverages; however, information from different sources and different methodologies raises issues of comparability. The main objective of this review was to examine the available techniques used for assessing beverage intake in European epidemiological studies and to describe the most frequent method applied to assess it. Materials and methods: Information of beverage intake available from European surveys and nutritional epidemiological investigations was obtained from gray literature. Results: Twelve articles were included and relevant data were extracted. The studies were carried out on healthy adults by different types of assessments. The most frequent tool used was a 7-d dietary record. Only Germany used a specific beverage assessment tool (Beverage Dietary History). Conclusion: From the limited data available and the diversity of the methodology used, the results show that consumption of beverages is different between countries. Current epidemiological studies in Europe focusing on beverage intake are scarce. Further research is needed to clarify the amount of beverage intake in European population.     

饮食预防肝癌的作用研究进展

肝癌是世界上最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,具有高发病率、高死亡率的特点。因此,降低肝癌发病率的预防措施非常必要[1]。肝癌的主要危险因素包括：HBV/HCV感染、黄曲霉素暴露及肝硬化等,而吸烟、饮酒、肥胖和糖尿病等也可增加肝癌的发病风险。近几十年来,饮食习惯与癌症发病风险之间的关系越来越引起人们的重视。在肝癌研究中发现,一些常见饮食（如肉、蔬菜、水果、咖啡及茶等）在肝癌的发生、发展及预防中发挥着举足轻重的作用。     

Beverage caffeine intakes in the U.S.

Caffeine is one of the most researched food components, with the vast majority of dietary contributions coming from beverage consumption; however, there is little population-level data on caffeine intakes in the U.S. This study estimated the caffeine intakes of the U.S. population using a comprehensive beverage survey, the Kantar Worldpanel Beverage Consumption Panel. A nationally representative sample of 37,602 consumers (aged ⩾ 2 years) of caffeinated beverages completed 7-day diaries which facilitated the development of a detailed database of caffeine values to assess intakes. Results showed that 85% of the U.S. population consumes at least one caffeinated beverage per day. The mean (±SE) daily caffeine intake from all beverages was 165 ± 1 mg for all ages combined. Caffeine intake was highest in consumers aged 50–64 years (226 ± 2 mg/day). The 90th percentile intake was 380 mg/day for all ages combined. Coffee was the primary contributor to caffeine intakes in all age groups. Carbonated soft drinks and tea provided a greater percentage of caffeine in the younger (<18 years) age groups. The percentage of energy drink consumers across all age groups was low (⩽10%). These data provide a current perspective on caffeinated beverage consumption patterns and caffeine intakes in the U.S. population.     

Drunkenness-related alcoholic beverage choices among adolescents

The aim was to find out the preferred alcoholic beverages of 12 to 18 year-olds and to explore the relationships between beverage preferences and heavy drinking. The data for the Adolescent Health and Lifestyle Survey ( n = 8219) was collected among Finns aged 12, 14, 16 and 18 years by mail in 1999. The instrument included a four-item scale on subjective perceptions of drunkenness on the latest drinking occasion, and on the qualities and quantities of alcohol consumed. Alcohol use among the 12 year-olds was rare; they preferred wine. The favourites among 14 to 18 year-olds, who reported having been sober or only slightly drunk, were beer and cider. Adolescents who reported having been 'really drunk' often combined these low-alcohol beverages with spirits. However, even in this group the three low-alcohol beverages (beer, cider, long drinks) together accounted for 60% of total ethanol consumption, most of which the boys drank in beer and girls in cider or beer. While spirits were associated with drunkenness among adolescents, low-alcohol beverages, beer in particular, also appeared to show a significant association with heavy drinking. The alcohol policy assumption that low-alcohol beverages are less harmful than spirits should be abandoned and health promotion efforts adjusted accordingly.     

Reducing added sugar intake in Norway by replacing sugar sweetened beverages with beverages containing intense sweeteners - A risk benefit assessment

A risk benefit assessment in Norway on the intake of added sugar, intense sweeteners and benzoic acid from beverages, and the influence of changing from sugar sweetened to diet beverages was performed. National dietary surveys were used in the exposure assessment, and the content of added sugar and food additives were calculated based on actual contents used in beverages and sales volumes provided by the manufactures. The daily intake of sugar, intense sweeteners and benzoic acid were estimated for children (1- to 13-years-old) and adults according to the current intake level and a substitution scenario where it was assumed that all consumed beverages contained intense sweeteners. The change from sugar sweetened to diet beverages reduced the total intake of added sugar for all age groups but especially for adolescent. This change did not result in intake of intense sweeteners from beverages above the respective ADIs. However, the intake of acesulfame K approached ADI for small children and the total intake of benzoic acid was increased to above ADI for most age groups. The highest intake of benzoic acid was observed for 1- to 2-year-old children, and benzoic acid intake in Norwegian children is therefore considered to be of special concern.     

城市儿童不同饮料行为影响因素的累积比数模型分析

目的了解家庭环境因素对城市儿童不同饮料行为的影响，为改善儿童饮料行为提供科学的理论依据。方法以福建省4所小学一～六年级小学生为研究对象，采用自制的调查表进行调查，并使用累积比数模型对结果进行分析。结果15．5％的城市儿童经常饮用含糖饮料，21．1％经常饮用牛奶。监护人的认知水平和家庭收入是影响儿童饮料行为的主要因素。结论福建省城市儿童不良饮料行为的发生率较高，监护人的认知水平与儿童饮料行为显著相关，而家庭收入的影响具有双向性。     

HPLC法测定饮料食品中的邻苯二甲酸酯类含量

目的 建立高效液相色谱法测定饮料食品中邻苯二甲酸酯类含量的方法.方法 利用Cleanert DEHP-SPE萃取柱富集和净化样品,以乙腈/水为流动相,采用梯度洗脱,二极管阵列检测器外标法定量.结果 该方法10种邻苯二甲酸酯类回收率范围为70.9％～125.7％,相对标准偏差为1.47％～4.41％.结论 HPLC法精密度和灵敏度较高,操作简便.     

Comparison of peroxyl radical scavenging capacity of commonly consumed beverages

The antioxidant potential of commercial beverages against peroxyl radical was determined using the Total Oxyradical Scavenging Capacity (TOSC) assay. Peroxyl radicals generated from thermal homolysis of 2,2′-azobis-amidinopropane oxidize α-keto-γ-methiolbutyric acid to ethylene, which is monitored by gas chromatography. The TOSC of each beverage is quantified from its ability to inhibit ethylene generation relative to a control reaction. Nine different beverages (green tea, jasmine tea, black tea, instant coffee, brewed coffee, cocoa mix, oolong tea, prune juice, and grape juice) were selected for this study. Their antioxidant capacities per a cup-serving (125 mL) were measured and compared to peroxyl radical scavenging capacity provided by a recommended daily dose of ascorbic acid (90 mg) dissolved in the same volume of water. The greatest antioxidant capacity was found in brewed coffee, which was followed, in decreasing order, by prune juice, instant coffee, green tea, cocoa mix, grape juice, jasmine tea, black tea, oolong tea, and ascorbic acid. There was an almost 7-fold difference in the TOSC between brewed coffee and ascorbic acid. The data suggest a potential role for commonly consumed beverages in lowering the risk of pathophysiologies associated with peroxyl radical-mediated events.