Distal Proctocolitis and n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (n-3 PUFAs): The Mucosal Effect In Situ

It has been postulated that patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) have altered reactivity of gut-associated lymphoid tissue. In such cases there is intense infiltration of the mucosa with immune competent cells and associated tissue damage. We have shown previously that the dietary supplementation with the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) results in significant systemic immune suppression. The aim of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the in situ effect of n-3 PUFAs on distal proctocolitis. Each patient received either fish oil extract (EPA 3.2 g, DHA 2.4 g) (n = 9) or sunflower oil (n = 9) daily in a double blind manner for six months. Monthly assessment included: (1) disease activity using clinical, sigmoidoscopic, and histological scores and (2) immunohistochemical analysis (immunoglobulins, CD profiles) of rectal biopsy specimens (before and after six months supplementation) using monoclonal antibodies and quantitative computer-assisted video image analysis. Prior to receiving supplementation, patients with proctocolitis (n = 18) showed significantly higher numbers of cells expressing CD3 (pan T cells) and HLA-DR and IgM containing cells compared with non-colitic controls (n = 8). Six months supplementation with n-3 PUFAs resulted in significant reduction in the number of cells expressing CD3 and HLA and the percentage of cells containing IgM. There was no significant change in the CD20 nor the percentage of IgG or IgA containing cells in either group of patients with procto-colitis. In patients receiving n-3 PUFA supplementation, there was improvement in the disease activity and histological scores, compared with pretreatment evaluation. This study has demonstrated both evidence of suppression of in situ immune reactivity and concurrent reduction in disease activity in patients with proctocolitis receiving n-3 PUFA supplementation. This may have important implication for therapy in patients with ulcerative colitis.     

中耳胆脂瘤上皮的PCNA和Bcl-2检测及临床意义

应用免疫组织化学方法检测25例胆脂瘤上皮和10例耳后皮肤的增殖细胞核抗原(proliferatingcellnuclearantigen,PCNA)和B-celllymphoma/leukemia-2gene(Bcl-2)的表达情况,结果发现胆脂瘤上皮的PCNA指数明显高于正常皮肤,且胆脂瘤上皮的PCNA指数与其破坏能力有相关性;而Bcl-2无表达.提示①PCNA可作为评价胆脂瘤破坏力的一指标;②胆脂瘤虽然表现出很强的增殖能力,但没有促其恶变的趋势.     

A comparative study of elasmobranch corneal and scleral collagens

Corneas, dissected from young and adult spiny dogfish sharks (Squalus acanthias), were prepared for transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. In the latter case, tissues were fixed in formaldehyde solutions, sectioned with a cryostat, incubated with antibodies specific for collagen types I and II, and examined by indirect immunofluorescence. Collagen α- and β- chains were separated by sodium dodecylsulfate-slab gel electrophoresis and characterized by two-dimensional mapping of ¹²⁵I-labeled peptides generated by tryptic and chymotryptic digestion.The corneal stroma, the sutural fibers which span the stroma, and the surrounding limbus were positive for type I collagen, as judged by immunofluorescence. The corneal stroma was negative for type II collagen. Scleral cartilage matrix was intensely positive for type II collagen, but was negative for type I. In addition, the perichondrium of the scleral cartilage was positive for type I collagen. In confirmation of these results, slab gel electrophoresis revealed α1, and α2-like bands from shark corneal stroma, but only an α1-like band from shark cartilage collagen. Two-dimensional peptide mapping revealed some degree of resemblance between the α1 band of shark corneal stroma and the α1 band of chick type I collagen. Likewise, the α1 band of shark cartilage collagen somewhat resembled the α1 band of chick type II collagen. The α2-like band of shark corneal stroma did not closely resemble the α2 band of chick type I collagen. The most prominent β band of shark corneal stroma appeared to be a dimer composed of one α1 chain and one α2 chain. The collagen of shark corneal stroma was very susceptible to degradation by pepsin, whereas that from shark cartilage was much less susceptible.     

p53基因在骨肉瘤中的表达及其临床意义

目的：探讨p53基因在骨肉瘤组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法：应用免疫组化方法（s—P法）测定p53蛋白在36例骨肉瘤和17例骨软骨瘤组织中的表达,并随访骨肉瘤患者生存时间。36例骨肉瘤中男19例,女17例,年龄平均19．9岁。Enneking分期II,3例,Ⅱ,27例,Ⅲ,6例,并发病理性骨折7例。结果-36例骨肉瘤随访时间平均3年6个月,其中存活3年及以上者13例,存活3年以下者23例,死亡病例均因骨肉瘤远处转移全身衰竭致死。36例骨肉瘤p53蛋白阳性表达率为52．8％,显著高于骨软骨瘤组,有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。p53蛋白表达在不同Enneking外科分期组间无显著性差异（P〉0．05）,在生存时间3年以上组及3年以下组间有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论：p53基因突变对骨肉瘤的发病可能产生影响,对患者预后评估具有一定价值。     

Atypical fibroxanthoma in an HIV-infected individual

Atypical fibroxanthoma is a neoplasm primarily occurring in older patients, with a predilection for photo-damaged skin of the head and neck. Compared to the immunocompetent population, patients infected with HIV have a higher risk of certain malignancies including non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Kaposi's sarcoma and skin cancer. Although atypical fibroxanthoma has been reported in another immunocompromised group, namely organ transplant recipients, there are no previous reports in the published literature of this tumour arising in patients infected with HIV. We report a case of an atypical fibroxanthoma arising in a 71- year old HIV-positive male.     

Purkinje cell degeneration in mice lacking the xeroderma pigmentosum group G gene

Laboratory mice carrying the nonfunctional xeroderma pigmentosum group G gene (the mouse counterpart of the human XPG gene) alleles have been generated by using gene-targeting and embryonic stem cell technology. Homozygote animals of this autosomal recessive disease exhibited signs and symptoms, such as postnatal growth retardation, reduced levels of activity, progressive ataxia and premature death, similar to the clinical manifestations of Cockayne syndrome (CS). Histological analysis of the cerebellum revealed multiple pyknotic cells in the Purkinje cell layer of the xpg homozygotes, which had atrophic cell bodies and shrunken nuclei. Further examination by an immunohistochemistry for calbindin-D 28k (CaBP) showed that a large number of immunoreactive Purkinje cells were atrophic and their dendritic trees were smaller and shorter than in wild-type littermates. These results indicated a marked degeneration of Purkinje cells in the xpg mutant cerebellum. Study by in situ detection of DNA fragmentation in the cerebellar cortex demonstrated that some deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin in situ nick labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells appeared in the granule layer of the mutant mice, but few cell deaths were confirmed in the Purkinje layer. These results suggested Purkinje cell degeneration in the mutant cerebellum was underway, in which much Purkinje cell death had not appeared, and the appearance of some abnormal cerebellar symptoms in the xpg-deficient mice was not only due to a marked Purkinje cell degeneration, but also to damage of other cells.     

青年大肠癌微卫星不稳定和hMLH1/hMSH2表达缺失在遗传性非息肉病性大肠癌初筛中的应用

目的 探讨青年大肠癌中微卫星不稳定发生率和hMLH1/hMSH2表达缺失率及其在遗传性非息肉病性大肠癌初步筛查中的作用.方法 对73例中国南方青年大肠癌患者(年龄≤40岁)进行微卫星不稳定和hMLH1/hMSH2蛋白免疫组化检测.结果 微卫星不稳定性发生率为56.16%,hMLH1和/或hMSH2表达缺失率为49.32%,二者皆随患者发病年龄的降低而迅速增加;二者对阳性病例的检出率相似.结论 中国人青年大肠癌DNA错配修复基因缺陷为频发事件,运用微卫星不稳定分析和hMLH1/hMSH2蛋白免疫组化检测可在青年大肠癌有效地进行HNPCC患者及家系的初步筛查.     

前列腺癌组织p27和OPN表达临床意义分析

目的 探讨前列腺癌(prostate cancer,PCa)组织p27蛋白和骨桥蛋白(osteopontin,OPN)的表达,分析其与PCa病理因素的相关性.方法 选择苏州大学附属第一医院2007-09-01-2012-02-20经手术后病理确诊的80例PCa患者,免疫组织化技术检测前列腺癌组织和相应的癌旁组织p27和OPN蛋白的表达,分析其与临床病理因素的相关性.结果 80例PCa组织中,蛋白p27阳性表达率为51.3％(41/80),癌旁组织的阳性表达率为83.8％(67/80),差异有统计学意义,P=0.046;OPN阳性表达率为65.0％(52/80),癌旁组织为31.3％(25/80),差异有统计学意义,P=0.042;p27表达与PCa分级(P=0.041)、临床分期(P=0.034)和有无转移(P=0.046)有关,OPN表达与PCa分级(P=0.035)、临床分期(P=0.034)和有无转移(P=0.025)有关;p27和OPN在PCa组织中表达呈负相关,差异有统计学意义,P＜0.05.结论 PCa组织中p27表达较低,OPN表达较高,两者表达负相关.联合检测p27和OPN蛋白为FCa的防治和治疗提供一种治疗策略.     

PKD2与GOLPH3在胆囊癌组织中的表达及意义

目的:探讨蛋白激酶D2(PKD2)与高尔基磷酸化蛋白3(GOLPH3)在胆囊癌组织中的表达及意义。方法:应用免疫组织化学的方法测定并比较68例胆囊癌、20例正常胆囊组织PKD2、GOLPH3的表达,分析它们与胆囊癌患者临床病理特征及预后的关系。结果:胆囊癌组织PKD2、GOLPH3阳性表达率均明显高于正常胆囊组织（均P＜0.05）;PKD2在胆囊癌组织中的表达与患者肿瘤TNM分期、淋巴结转移有关(P＜0.05),而GOLPH3的表达与肿瘤TNM分期、分化程度、淋巴结转移有关(P＜0.05)。相关性分析显示胆囊癌中PKD2与GOLPH3表达呈正相关(r=0.500,P＜0.05);生存分析显示PKD2、GOLPH3表达阳性胆囊癌患者生存率明显低于各自阴性者（均P＜0.05）。结论:PKD2与GOLPH3可能在胆囊癌的发生、发展过程中起重要作用,且PKD2、GOLPH3的阳性表达为胆囊癌的不良预后因素。     

E2F5和MYC癌基因在前列腺癌中的表达及其意义

目的： 检测染色体8q21~24区域E2F5和MYC癌基因在前列腺癌 (prostate cancer,PCa) 细胞系、癌组织及癌旁组织中的表达,分析其表达水平与临床病理参数的关系,并探讨其意义。方法：采用DNA qPCR检测PCa细胞系Du145、LNCap、PC3和PCa组织标本中E2F5和MYC基因DNA拷贝数,Western blot和免疫组织化学技术检测前列腺癌和癌旁组织中E2F5和MYC蛋白的表达,结合患者临床病理参数进一步验证和分析蛋白表达及其临床意义。结果：DNA qPCR结果显示,PCa组织中E2F5和MYC DNA拷贝数较癌旁组织明显增加 (P<0.05或P<0.01),但在癌细胞系中其表达与对照组比较无明显变化 (P>0.05)。Western blot显示,在PCa组织中E2F5和MYC蛋白表达水平显著高于癌旁组织 (P<0.05或P<0.01)。免疫组化染色发现,与癌旁良性组织相比,E2F5和MYC蛋白表达显著增加 (P均<0.01)。而且,E2F5的过表达与高的Gleason评分 (P<0.01)、临床分期 (P=0.01)、阳性转移 (P <0.01)、生化复发阳性 (P<0.01)相关。MYC的过表达与阳性转移 (P=0.02)、生化复发阳性 (P=0.02)相关。且PCa组织中E2F5和MYC蛋白表达两者呈正相关关系 (rs=0.5,P<0.01)。结论：E2F5和MYC的表达增加可能与PCa的发生发展密切相关,E2F5可能是PCa新的潜在候选分子标志物。