腹腔镜子宫肌瘤切除术在临床中的应用

目的:为要求微创手术保留子宫的年轻患者,寻找一种子宫肌瘤切除术的好方法,并进一步研究腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤切除术(laparoscopic myomectomy,LM)的优越性。方法:脑垂体后叶素6U用50ml生理盐水稀释后,子宫肌层注射,用电刀纵向切开表面肌层,切口选择肌瘤最突出处,其长度视肌瘤大小而定,一般小于肌瘤直径1~3cm,用抓钳钳夹肌瘤牵拉,电钩切断肌瘤与假包膜连接致密处,将肌瘤完整切除,尽可能减少切断肌层及血管,以减少出血。子宫切口用1号可吸收线连续缝合,腹腔镜组用子宫粉碎器将肌瘤粉碎取出。术后常规持续静脉点滴催产素24h共30U。结果:腹腔镜组与开腹组出血量差异无显著意义,排气时间、离床活动时间及术后住院时间差异有显著意义。结论:LM是肌壁间子宫肌瘤年轻患者理想的手术方式。     

腹腔镜辅助阴式较大子宫切除手术时间延长因素的分析

目的:分析影响腹腔镜辅助阴式较大子宫(超过如孕12周)切除术(laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy,LAVH)手术时间的因素。方法:回顾分析47例LAVH手术时间>150min患者的临床资料,对影响手术时间的多因素进行Lo-gistic回归分析。结果:子宫重量>500g时,手术时间延长的几率增加16倍(P<0.05);合并附件手术时手术时间的延长可增加20倍(P<0.05);普通妇科医师手术时间延长的几率高出内窥镜医师33倍(P<0.001)。结论:加强腹腔镜手术技能的培训是缩短腹腔镜辅助阴式较大子宫切除手术时间的关键。     

Treatment of uterine fibroids for abnormal uterine bleeding: myomectomy and uterine artery embolization

Uterine myoma is a common benign tumour in women and most cases do not require treatment. Excessive uterine bleeding is usually due to a submucous myoma or an intramural myoma that is encroaching into the uterine cavity. After eliminating endometrial malignancy, perimenopausal women could be managed expectantly or with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist until menopause. Hysteroscopic myomectomy is highly effective in controlling menorrhagia that is related to submucous myoma. Concomitant endometrial ablation improves menorrhagia; however, the subsequent hysterectomy rate remains the same. For those with an intramural myoma, abdominal myomectomy results in good bleeding control. It could also be done by laparoscopic approach; however, the surgeon should have expertise in laparoscopic suturing and the uterine incision should be properly sutured. In women who have completed their family, hysterectomy remains the most effective treatment for excessive uterine bleeding. Compared with uterine artery embolization (UAE), it is associated with better improvement in pelvic pain. Nevertheless, UAE is a good alternative to hysterectomy.     

子宫肌瘤栓塞治疗的初步临床应用

目的　报道子宫肌瘤动脉栓塞治疗的临床疗效。方法　对 11例有症状的子宫肌瘤患者 ,用聚乙烯醇或明胶海绵微粒 ,行两侧子宫动脉栓塞。结果　患者临床症状均有明显改善 ,肌瘤体积明显缩小。结论　子宫肌瘤行子宫动脉栓塞治疗 ,近期疗效确切 ,可有效地控制症状并使肌瘤体积缩     

Mesenchymal polyps

Most mesenchymal polyps are encountered in the colorectum but some characteristically arise in the oesophagus and stomach. Small bowel polyps are not often sampled but many of the types found in the other locations can be found in the small intestine and are covered elsewhere in this volume. Generally mesenchymal lesions of the tubular gastrointestinal tract that present as polyps are centred in the mucosa or submucosa. However, some lesions that are typically centreed in the muscularis propria are included since they are often confused with superficial lesions. Often the issues in interpreting such lesions revolve around whether the tumour is a gastrointestinal stromal tumour and whether it is a syndromic or sporadic, which has been addressed particularly for neural lesions.     

Hemoperitoneum associated with uterine fibroids: A case report

Introduction:Uterine fibroids, which are common benign tumors, rarely cause acute complications. We herein report a case of hemoperitoneum associated with uterine fibroid that could be diagnosed preoperatively with contrast-enhanced computerized tomography (CT).Patient concerns:A 48-year-old woman with uterine fibroid developed extremely severe lower abdominal pain on the first day of her menstrual period.Diagnosis:Ultrasonography and contrast-enhanced CT revealed a uterine fibroid and extravasation from the dilated vessels of the uterine fibroid.Intervention:Emergent abdominal hysterectomy was performed.Outcomes:The total amount of bleeding was 4,600 mL. Intraoperative blood salvage (1,357 mL), 6 units of red blood cells, 4 units of fresh frozen plasma, and 20 units of platelet concentrates were transfused. The postoperative course was uneventful. Pathological examination confirmed a benign uterine fibroid.Conclusion:CT could be useful to determine a diagnosis for bleeding from ruptured subserosal uterine fibroid.     

Timing of Uterine Artery Embolization for Leiomyoma during the Menstrual Cycle

PurposeTo investigate differences in outcomes of uterine artery embolization (UAE) for leiomyoma when performed during different phases of the menstrual cycle.Materials and MethodsIn this single-institution retrospective analysis, 111 premenopausal patients (median [range] age, 44 [33–52] years) undergoing UAE for symptomatic leiomyoma between June 2014 and February 2020 were included. Twenty-one patients underwent UAE in the menstrual phase (the early follicular phase), 27 in the late follicular phase, and 63 in the luteal phase. Baseline characteristics and technical and peri-procedural outcomes were compared among groups. Leiomyoma infarction on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging 1 week after UAE and 4-month outcomes, including changes in the Uterine Fibroid Symptom and Quality of Life questionnaire scores, the volume reduction rates of the uterus and largest leiomyoma, follicle stimulating hormone values, adverse events, and amenorrhea, were compared among groups.ResultsA 4-month follow-up was completed for all patients. No significant differences were observed among groups in baseline characteristics or technical and peri-procedural outcomes. There were no significant differences in the multivariate-adjusted 1-week infarction rates of all leiomyoma volumes (P = .161) or multivariate-adjusted 4-month outcomes, including changes in the Uterine Fibroid Symptom and Quality of Life questionnaire symptoms and total scores (P = .864 and P = .798, respectively), the volume reduction rates of the uterus and the largest leiomyoma (P = .865 and P = .965, respectively), and follicle stimulating hormone values (P = .186) among the groups. No significant differences were noted in the 4-month adverse events (P = .260) or amenorrhea (P = .793) among the groups.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated no significant differences in the outcomes of UAE for leiomyoma when performed during different phases of the menstrual cycle.     

保留子宫血管部分子宫切除术与次全子宫切除术疗效比较

目的：探讨保留子宫血管治疗功能失调性子宫出血(功血)及多发性子宫肌瘤的临床价值。方法行保留子宫动脉上行支的子宫部分切除术患者34例为观察组,同期行次全子宫切除术患者97例为对照组。观察两组疗效。结果两组手术时间、出血量、肠功能恢复时间、复发率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。手术前后比较,对照组雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),观察组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组更年期症状差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论保留子宫动脉上行支的子宫部分切除术优于传统次全子宫切除术,值得临床推广。     

Uterine artery embolisation for uterine fibroids: Our experience at a tertiary care service hospital

Background

Uterine artery embolisation (UAE) has evolved as a minimally invasive and effective alternative, treatment modality for women with symptomatic fibroids. We discuss our initial experience of UAE in the management of symptomatic fibroids.

Methods

Twenty five symptomatic patients of uterine fibroids were treated with UAE by selectively cannulating and injecting poly vinyl alcohol particles into the uterine arteries. Post treatment follow up was done at 2 and 6 months respectively.

Results

Pre-treatment, the sizes of fibroids were between 3.9 and 10.9 cm (mean 7.4) on ultrasonography. Of the total 25 patients, 49 uterine arteries were embolised with a technical success rate of 98%. Menorrhagia persisted in 7 patients, dysmenorrhea in 4 patients and pressure symptoms in 2 patients respectively in follow up study of six months which corresponds to a reduction in symptoms by 68% for menorrhagia, 71% for dysmenorhoea and 75% for those with pressure symptoms respectively. At 2 months follow-up post embolisation, the mean diameter of the fibroid was 4.03 cm (range 2–5.2 cm) and at 6 months 3.2 cm (range 1.3–4.1 cm), corresponding to size reduction of 45.5% and 57%, respectively. Follow up with ultrasonography at 2 and 6 months period showed successful fibroid reduction in 24 patients with corresponding reduction in the symptomatology. One patient remained symptomatic with increase in fibroid size and had to undergo hysterectomy.

Conclusion

Uterine artery embolisation can be considered as an alternative to hysterectomy in appropriately selected symptomatic patients of uterine fibroids.