Effects of visual-haptic asynchronies and loading-unloading movements on compliance perception

Spring compliance is perceived by combining the sensed force exerted by the spring with the displacement caused by the action (sensed through vision and proprioception). We investigated the effect of delay of visual and force information with respect to proprioception to understand how visual-haptic perception of compliance is achieved. First, we confirm an earlier result that force delay increases perceived compliance. Furthermore, we find that perceived compliance decreases with a delay in the visual information. These effects of delay on perceived compliance would not be present if the perceptual system would utilize all force-displacement information available during the interaction. Both delays generate a bias in compliance which is opposite in the loading and unloading phases of the interaction. To explain these findings, we propose that information during the loading phase of the spring displacement is weighted more than information obtained during unloading. We confirm this hypothesis by showing that sensitivity to compliance during loading movements is much higher than during unloading movements. Moreover, we show that visual and proprioceptive information about the hand position are used for compliance perception depending on the sensitivity to compliance. Finally, by analyzing participants’ movements we show that these two factors (loading/unloading and reliability) account for the change in perceived compliance due to visual and force delays.     

Quantification of Changes in Electroencephalographic Power Spectra in a Patient with Budd-Chiari-Syndrome after Implantation of a Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Stent Shunt (TIPSS)

We examined a 41-year-old female with a subacute Budd-Chiari Syndrome (BCS) before and after implantation of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt (TIPSS) by means of digital electroencephalography (EEG). After TIPSS implantation hepatic decompression had been achieved and the liver function as well as the clinical status improved daily. Simultaneously, the digital EEG showed a decrease in the power of the theta band and an increase in the physiological alpha frequency band. The theta/alpha ratio decreased after TIPSS, despite an elevated arterial ammonia level. The patient had a well-preserved liver parenchyma before the occurrence of the BCS. After portal decompression by TIPSS, the liver function normalized and the liver resumed efficient synthesis and parts of its detoxification task. This regeneration capacity was documented by a rise in cholinesterase after TIPSS. After temporary substitution of albumin the serum albumin concentration returned to normal. Thus, some neurotoxic substances with high albumin-binding capacity may not be absorbed by the central nervous system (CNS). Furthermore, it appears likely that the length of time the brain is exposed to neurotoxic substances plays a role in the clinical and electroencephalographic changes. Compared to the conventional EEG the theta/alpha ratio reflected better metabolically conditioned electroencephalographic changes after TIPSS.     

脾内动脉吻合的临床意义初探

目的:探讨脾内动脉吻合与部分脾栓塞术(PSE) 及部分脾切除术的关系。材料与方法:回顾性分析110 例脾动脉造影病例,着重观察脾内动脉吻合的出现率、吻合形式、部位及吻合点远端脾动脉分支直径。结果:脾内动脉吻合的显示率为22-7 % ,其中叶间吻合10 % 、段间吻合7-3 % 。吻合形式分为短交通支吻合、弓形吻合、汇集型吻合三种。吻合点远端脾动脉分支直径≤1m m 者占5-5 % 。结论:若采用1m m3( 或以下) 容积的栓塞剂行PSE 术,栓塞剂绝大部分滞留在吻合点远端的脾动脉分支内,吻合动脉不能向被栓塞的脾实质供血。但行部分性脾切除术时,应警惕叶间、段间吻合动脉的出现并慎重处理这些吻合动脉。     

优选精制蛇毒酶凝胶剂基质组成及制备工艺

目的室温条件下优选精制蛇毒酶凝胶剂基质组成及制备工艺。方法以凝胶剂的稳定性及外观性状为考察指标,以卡波姆-940、氮酮、丙三醇-丙二醇和吐温-80为可变因素,选用L9(34)表进行正交实验。结果最优的基质组成是:卡波姆-940 2.0g,氮酮1.0g,丙三醇-丙二醇为7g∶3g,吐温-80 1.5g。结论按该法制备的凝胶剂符合中国药典2005年版软膏剂的有关规定。     

PSE联合TACE治疗原发性肝癌伴脾功能亢进的临床研究

目的探讨部分脾动脉栓塞（PSE）联合肝动脉化疗栓塞（TACE）治疗原发性肝癌并发脾功能亢进的意义。方法对89例原发性肝癌伴不同程度肝硬化、门静脉高压、脾肿大和白细胞、血小板低下等脾功能亢进征象的患者采用部分脾栓塞术和肝动脉化疗栓塞术双介入治疗,术后观察外周血细胞改变。结果本组病例肝脾双介入治疗后外周白细胞、血小板均有显著增高,与术前比较,在统计学上有显著差异（P〈0．05）。部分脾栓塞可以缓解脾功能亢进,减轻门静脉高压,减少并发症,保证肝动脉化疗栓塞的顺利进行;而术后增加脾栓塞的反应一般都能忍受。结论肝脾动脉双介入栓塞是一种损伤小、安全程度高、不良反应少、疗效较好的治疗方法,可部分替代外科切脾手术,是治疗肝癌并脾功能亢进较好的治疗方法,值得普及推广。     

淮北矿区职工神经症流行病学调查

目的：了解淮北矿区职工神经症的患病率。方法采用多级分层整群概率比例随机抽样的方法抽取淮北矿区职工2830名,应用神经症筛查表和精神状况检查表对入组被试进行神经症流行病学调查。结果本组被试神经症患病率为30．99‰,显著高于1993年中国七地区精神疾病流行病学调查神经症患病率（14．98‰）（χ2＝16．59,P＜0．01）;不同性别、年龄、工种神经症患病率比较差异均有显著或极显著性（ P＜0．05或0．01）。结论淮北矿区职工神经症患病率较高,矿区职工神经症防治工作亟待加强。     

TIPSS与PSE并用的价值及可行性初探

探讨ＴＩＰＳＳ与ＰＳＥ并用的可行性及价值。材料与方法；ＴＩＰＳＳ与ＰＳＥ同时施竽者２例，其余４例在ＴＩＰＳＳ复查时进行，直测ＰＳＥ前后门脉奔放 力。检测ＰＳＥ前后白细胞，血小板数值，观察术后并发症情况，结果：ＴＩＰＳＳ及ＰＳＥ后消化道出血停止。门脉压力平均下降５．６ｃｈＨ２Ｏ，脾机能亢进基本缓解，血小板，白细胞均明显上升。     

TH胶栓塞联合门体静脉小分流治疗肝硬化门脉高压食管胃底静脉曲张出血

目的探讨应用TH胶栓塞联合门体静脉小分流治疗门脉高压食管胃底曲张静脉曲张破裂出血中的应用价值。方法入选41例门静脉高压症并食管胃底静脉曲张的患者,其中21例行TH胶栓塞联合门体静脉小分流术（A组）,另外20例患者行经皮经肝食管胃底曲张静脉栓塞术（PTVE）联合部分性脾栓塞（PSE）（B组）,对比两组患者肝功能、白细胞、血小板改变、食管胃底曲张静脉消失率、再出血率、肝性脑病发生率及门静脉自由压（free portal pressure,FPP）变化。结果 A组曲张静脉消失率、总有效率均高于B组（P〈0.05）,再出血率、肝性脑病发生率均低于B组（P〈0.05）,术后门静脉压力亦明显低于B组（P〈0.01）。两组术后白细胞及血小板、白蛋白较术前明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,两组之间也存在显著统计学差异（P〈0.01）。结论以TH胶栓塞联合门体静脉小分流治疗门静脉高压症食管胃底静脉曲张安全、有效、并发症少,值得临床应用与推广。     

Phytosterol stearate esters elicit similar responses on plasma lipids and cholesterol absorption but different responses on fecal neutral sterol excretion and hepatic free cholesterol in male Syrian hamsters

The dietary impact of specific phytosterols incorporated into phytosterol fatty acid esters has not been elucidated. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that phytosterol esters containing different sterol moieties (sitosterol, sitostanol, or stigmasterol) but the same fatty acid moiety (stearic acid) produce different effects on cholesterol metabolism. Male Syrian hamsters were fed sitosterol, sitostanol, and stigmasterol stearate esters (25 g/kg diet) in an atherogenic diet containing cholesterol (1.2 g/kg) and coconut oil (80 g/kg). The phytosterol stearates produced no decrease in cholesterol absorption or plasma non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol despite a reduction in liver free cholesterol in hamsters fed both sitosterol and sitostanol stearate diets. In addition, sitosterol stearate significantly increased fecal esterified and total neutral sterol excretion. Stigmasterol stearate did not differ from control in neutral sterol excretion, plasma lipids, or hepatic lipid concentration. Sitosterol stearate demonstrated the highest level of net intestinal hydrolysis, whereas sitostanol and stigmasterol stearate equivalently demonstrated the lowest. The cholesterol-lowering effect in liver—but not plasma—and the limited presence of fecal free sterols indicate that intact (unhydrolyzed) phytosterol stearates may impact cholesterol metabolism by mechanisms unrelated to the role of free phytosterols. The consumption of phytosterol esters at 2.5% of the diet elicited only modest impacts on cholesterol metabolism, although sitosterol stearate had a slightly greater therapeutic impact by lowering liver free cholesterol and increasing esterified and total neutral sterol fecal excretion, possibly due to a greater level of intestinal hydrolysis.