Effect of Replacement of Wharton Acellular Jelly With FBS on the Expression of Megakaryocyte Linear Markers in Hematopoietic Stem Cells CD34+

Objective: Animal environments for the growth of stem cells cause the transmission of some diseases and immune problems for the recipient. Accordingly, replacing these environments with healthy environments, at least with human resources, is essential.  One of the media that can be used as an alternative to animal serums is Wharton acellular jelly (AWJ).  Therefore, in this study, we intend to replace FBS with Wharton jelly and investigate its effect on the expression of megakaryocyte-related genes and markers in stem cells. Materials and Methods: In this study, cord blood-derived CD34 positive HSCs were cultured and expanded in the presence of cytokines including SCF, TPO, and FLT3-L. Then, the culture of expanded CD34 positive HSCs was performed in two groups: 1) IMDM culture medium containing 10% FBS and 100 ng / ml thrombopoietin cytokine 2) IMDM culture medium containing 10% AWJ, 100 ng / ml thrombopoietin cytokine.  Finally, CD41 expressing cells were analyzed with the flow cytometry method. The genes related to megakaryocyte lineage including FLI1 and GATA2 were also evaluated using the RT-PCR technique.  Results: The expression of CD41, a specific marker of megakaryocyte lineage in culture medium containing Wharton acellular jelly was increased compared to the FBS group. Additionally, the expression of GATA2 and FLI1 genes was significantly increased related to the control group. Conclusion: This study provided evidence of differentiation of CD34 positive hematopoietic stem cells from umbilical cord blood to megakaryocytes in a culture medium containing AWJ.     

Out of the boxes,out of the silos: The need of interdisciplinary collaboration to reduce poor-quality medical products in the supply chain

In this paper, we argue that understanding and addressing the problem of poor-quality medical products requires a more interdisciplinary approach than has been evident to date. While prospective studies based on rigorous standardized methodologies are the gold standard for measuring the prevalence of poor-quality medical products and understanding their distribution nationally and internationally, they should be complemented by social science research to unpack the complex set of social, economic, and governance factors that underlie these patterns. In the following sections, we discuss specific examples of prospective quality surveys and of social science studies, highlighting the value of cross-sector partnerships in driving high-quality, policy-relevant research in this area.     

Prospective characterization of incident hepatic steatosis in pediatric and adolescent patients after total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation

BackgroundHepatic steatosis has been described as a common finding in adults following total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (TPIAT) but it is unknown if this occurs in children and adolescents.ObjectivesTo define the frequency of post-TPIAT hepatic steatosis in a sample of children and adolescents and to identify clinical predictors of incident steatosis post-TPIAT.MethodsIn this prospective study, consecutive participants at least 1-month post-TPIAT underwent a liver MRI with proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and blood draw at our pediatric academic medical center between April 2021 and January 2022. Comparison clinical pre-TPIAT liver MRI or ultrasound and insulin use and graft function data were extracted from the medical record. T-tests were used for the comparison of means across continuous variables between participants with and without post-TPIAT steatosis.ResultsA total of 20 participants (mean: 13 ± 4 years; 12 female) were evaluated. Mean liver PDFF at research MRI was 7.4 ± 6.2% (range: 2–25%). Seven participants (35%) had categorical hepatic steatosis (PDFF>5%) post-TPIAT, five of whom had pre-TPIAT steatosis, reflecting a 13% (2/15; 95% CI: 2–40%) incidence of post-TPIAT steatosis. Participant characteristics were not significantly different between subgroups with and without post-TPIAT steatosis. Mean PDFF at research MRI was not different between graft function subgroups (7.5% optimal/good vs. 7.3% marginal/failure; p = .96).ConclusionOur study shows a moderate prevalence but low incidence of hepatic steatosis in a small sample of children and adolescents post-TPIAT. This study raises questions about a causal relationship between TPIAT and hepatic steatosis.     

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??Objective    To discuss the influence of basic periodontal therapy on the level of IL-8?? IL-10 in serum and gingival crevicular fluid in patients who have chronic periodontitis complicated by coronary heart disease. Methods     A total of 65 cases of patients with chronic periodontitis complicated by coronary heart disease were selected and divided into two groups randomly??Group A of 35 patients who received the basic periodontal therapy and cardiac medical treatment??Group B of 30 patients who received cardiological treatment only. Then??select 25 patient who had developed chronic severe periodontitis with non-systematic disease to establish group C and give them the basic periodontal therapy only. Observe the changes of the IL-8??IL-10 levels in serum and gingival crevicular fluid and the periodontal infection indexes??BI??PD??. Results    The results showed that after three months of basic periodontal therapy the periodontal clinical indices of both group A and group C became better and the IL-8 level obviously reduced??while the IL-10 level obviously increased. There was no obvious difference between group A and group B in each examination index before the therapy. After three months??we found that the periodontal infection index??SBI PD??of group A was obviously better than group B. Compared to group B??the IL-8 level of group A obviously reduced??and the IL-10 level obviously increased. The difference was statistically significant??P < 0.05??. Conclusion    The basic periodontal therapy can effectively improve periodontal conditions of the patients with chronic periodontal diseases??and reduce the risk of breaking the normal cardiovascular function.     

股骨转子间骨折的稳定性重建概念演化与研究进展

目的总结近年来股骨转子间骨折在稳定性重建方面的概念演化与研究进展。方法查阅国内外相关文献并结合自身经验，从股骨转子间骨折的解剖特点、稳定型骨折与不稳定型骨折分类、稳定性复位与不稳定性复位、术中加压初始稳定与术后滑动二次稳定、内固定术后稳定性评估、早期下地站立负重等方面进行总结分析。结果股骨转子间骨折发生于股骨颈干骺端转换区，具有天然的内翻不稳定倾向。骨折复位质量是影响后续内固定物安放的最重要前提因素。判断骨折复位质量有对线和对位两方面，对线采用 Garden 指数；在对位方面，随着皮质对位理念（正性、中性、负性）的提出，特别强调前内侧皮质的相互砥住支撑（解剖、正性），是获得骨折稳定性复位的关键，而不再强调后内侧小转子骨块的作用。术后影像学的稳定性评分为早期下地站立负重提供了量化指标。但术中的前内侧皮质支撑复位，在术后头颈骨块滑动获得二次稳定的过程中，仍有皮质对位丢失现象，需研究其危险因素和防范措施。结论股骨转子间骨折在取得良好对线的基础上，只要获得了前内侧皮质的相互砥住和支撑，并用内固定器械维持住，就获得了术后稳定性。术后稳定性评分优良者，可以安全地早期下地负重、站立行走活动。     

Microinjection of a growth factor cocktail affects activated microglia in the neocortex of adult rats

Microglia, as the resident immune cells in the central nervous system, play important roles in regulating neuronal processes, such as neural excitability, synaptic activity, and apoptotic cell clearance. Growth factors can activate multiple signaling pathways in central nervous system microglia and can regulate their immune effects, but whether growth factors can affect the morphological characteristics and ultrastructure of microglia has not been reported. After microinjecting 300 nL of a growth factor cocktail, including 10 μg/mL epidermal growth factor, 10 μg/mL basic fibroblast growth factor, 10 μg/mL hepatocyte growth factor and 10 μg/mL insulin-like growth factor into adult rat cortex, we found that the number of IBA1-positive microglia around the injection area increased significantly, indicating local activation of microglia. All CD68-positive labeling co-localized with IBA1 in microglia. Cell bodies and protrusions of CD68-positive cells were strongly attached to or were engulfing neurons. Characteristic huge phagosomes were observed in activated phagocytes by electron microscopy. The phagosomes generally included non-degraded neuronal protrusions and mitochondria, yet they contained no myelin membrane or remnants, which might indicate selective phagocytosis by the phagocytes. The remnant myelin sheath after phagocytosis still had regenerative ability and formed "myelin-like" structures around phagocytes. These results show that microinjection of a growth factor cocktail into the cerebral cortex of rodents can locally activate microglia and induce selective phagocytosis of neural structures by phagocytes. The study was approved by the Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences(approval No. IACUC-AMMS-2014-501) on June 30, 2014.     

改良内固定融合术治疗成人Ⅱ型痛性足副舟骨

目的探讨改良内固定融合术治疗成人Ⅱ型痛性足副舟骨（painful accessory navicular，PAN）的疗效。方法2016 年 1 月—2017 年 12 月，采用改良内固定融合术治疗 29 例（37 足）Ⅱ型 PAN。其中男 12 例，女 17 例；年龄 18～50 岁，平均 41.4 岁。扭伤 24 例，无明显诱因 5 例。患者均行 6 个月以上保守治疗，症状无明显改善。术前及末次随访时采用美国矫形足踝协会（AOFAS）中足评分评估临床疗效；X 线片测量跟骨倾斜角、距骨第 1 跖骨角、距舟关节包容角、距骨第 2 跖骨角。结果术后 1 例出现切口浅表感染，经加强换药后愈合；其余患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合，无深部感染或骨髓炎发生。29 例均获随访，随访时间 12～33 个月，平均 25.1 个月。X 线片示关节面均于术后 2～5 个月愈合，平均 3.4 个月。随访期间未见内固定物松动或断裂。末次随访时，AOFAS 疼痛、功能、力线评分及总分以及距舟关节包容角、距骨第 1 跖骨角和距骨第 2 跖骨角均较术前显著改善，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；跟骨倾斜角手术前后差异无统计学意义（t=1.097，P=0.276）。 结论采用改良内固定融合术治疗成人Ⅱ型 PAN 可有效缓解症状，患足功能恢复良好，并发症少。     

Interleukin-11 Overexpression and M2 Macrophage Density are Associated with Angiogenic Activity in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

ABSTRACT

Purpose

To investigate the expression of IL-11 and its receptor IL-11Rα and to quantify density of CD163⁺ M2 macrophages in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).