颞区液态硅胶注射后的并发症和处理

自１９９２年以来共收治２０例颞区液态硅胶注射后出现并发症的病人。综合其并发症主要有：（１）局部凹凸不平；（２）疼痛或压痛；（３）在局部或向周围皮下组织内浸润形成硬结；（４）肿胀或青紫。采用颞部发际内切口取出注射之硅胶，对颞部凹陷者于颞区纵切口处辅加一横切口，形成适当大小的蒂在前方的颞肌筋膜瓣翻转１８０°充填颞区，对向眼周及面颊浸润者采用重睑切口、下睑袋整形切口或鱼尾纹切口取出硅胶或同时行上下睑整形术，所有病人都自觉满意。认为利用上述这些切口一方面能满意地取出注射之硅胶，又不会在面部留下明显刀口瘢痕。颞肌筋膜瓣因其血运丰富、不被吸收、质地柔软，不失为一种良好的颞区凹陷充填材料。     

颞肌筋膜瓣在上颌骨缺损修复中的应用

目的与方法：本文总结了颞肌筋膜瓣修复上颌骨缺损２０例经验。其中上颌骨全部切除９例,上颌骨扩大切除３例,上颌骨部分切除８例。结果与结论：颞肌筋膜瓣全部成活,口腔内无覆盖的颞肌筋膜瓣发生上皮化。２例术后出现轻度张口受限外,未发现其它并发症,作者对颞肌筋膜剖要点及手术方法进行了描术,并对颞肌膜瓣的优点及注意事项进行了讨论。     

Abdominal Dermis-Fat Graft Versus Conventional Temporalis Myofascial Flap Interposition in Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis: A Prospective Clinical Comparative Study

IntroductionTemporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis is an extremely disabling condition with almost complete inability to open the jaws causing difficulty in chewing, speech, poor oral hygiene and cosmetic disfigurement. Temporalis myofascial flap still remains the most common interpositional material used; however, patients usually complain of pain during movement, unesthetic bulging in the temporal region and trismus due to scar contracture. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of abdominal dermis-fat graft and compare it with temporalis myofascial flap as to see which of the two grafts offers more advantages and provides better postoperative results following TMJ ankylosis surgery. Materials and MethodsA total of 30 diagnosed cases of TMJ ankylosis were randomly divided into two groups of 15 patients each. All the patients underwent TMJ ankylosis release under general anesthesia followed by abdominal dermis-fat interposition in Group A and temporalis muscle in Group B. The patients were assessed for pre-operative and postoperative mouth opening (immediate and 6 month postoperative), pain during physiotherapy, donor and surgical site complications and recurrence of ankylosis.ResultsThe mean maximum inter-incisal opening in dermis-fat group was significantly higher than temporalis group both at immediate and 6 month postoperative periods (p = 0.041, 0.001). Physiotherapy was less painful in dermis-fat group than in temporalis group, and the differences in VAS scores among the 2 groups showed high statistical significance (p < 0.001). Hypertrophic scar developed at the donor site in 2 patients in dermis-fat group; however, it was located below the beltline and hardly noticeable. A total of 9 patients (4 in Group A and 5 in Group B) developed temporary facial nerve weakness, and no case of re-ankylosis was noted in either group.ConclusionDermis-fat graft in temporomandibular joint ankylosis showed better results than conventional temporalis myofascial flap in terms of postoperative mouth opening, physiotherapy and jaw function with esthetically acceptable results.     

Occlusal splint for sleep bruxism: an electromyographic associated to Helkimo Index evaluation

This study aims to evaluate long-term effects of using an occlusal splint in patients with sleep bruxism (SB), using surface electromyography (EMG) of masseter and temporalis muscles, as well as the Helkimo Index. The subjects were 15 individuals aged from 19 to 29 years, bearers of SB, with presence of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders (TMD), which never have used occlusal splints. The subjects answered the Helkimo's Index and underwent EMG before and after 60 days of occlusal splints use. There was no indication of a significant decrease in mean EMG levels over the therapy in the muscles. A significant decrease in TMD signs and symptoms were observed in SB patients after 60 days of occlusal splints therapy.     

Is aggressive gap arthroplasty essential in the management of temporomandibular joint ankylosis?—a prospective clinical study of 15 cases

The purpose of this three-year, prospective, follow-up study was to evaluate whether aggressive gap arthroplasty is essential in the management of ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Fifteen patients were treated by the creation of a minimal gap of 5–8 mm and insertion of an interpositional gap arthroplasty using the temporalis fascia. Eleven patients had unilateral coronoidectomy and 4 bilateral coronoidectomy based on Kaban's protocol. Preoperative assessment included recording of history, clinical and radiological examinations, personal variables, the aetiology of the ankylosis, the side affected, and any other relevant findings. Patients were assessed postoperatively by a surgeon unaware of the treatment given for a minimum of 3 years, which included measurement of the maximal incisal opening, presence of facial nerve paralysis, recurrence, and any other relevant findings. Of the 15 patients (17 joints), 12 had unilateral and three had bilateral involvement, with trauma being the most common cause. The patients were aged between 7 and 29 years (mean (SD) age 20 (8) years). Preoperative maximal incisal opening was 0–2 mm in 8 cases and 2–9 mm in 9. Postoperatively adequate mouth opening of 30–40 mm was achieved in all cases, with no recurrence or relevant malocclusion during 3-year follow up. However, patients will be followed up for 10 years. Aggressive gap arthroplasty is not essential in the management of ankylosis of the TMJ. Minimal gap interpositional arthroplasty with complete removal of the mediolateral ankylotic mass is a feasible and effective method of preventing recurrence.     

鼻内镜下脑脊液鼻漏修补术21例临床分析

目的：探讨鼻内镜下脑脊液鼻漏修补术的要点、定位诊断方法及手术方式。方法回顾性分析2006年1月至2012年1月我科诊治的21例脑脊液鼻漏患者,其中男性11例,女性10例,年龄15~66岁,中位年龄38.7岁,属于医源性脑脊液鼻漏5例,原发性9例,外伤性7例。所有患者术前均行实验室生化检查而确诊,并行鼻窦CT和MRI检查,其中4例患者漏口位于前筛额隐窝区域,10例位于后筛筛顶,3例位于嗅裂筛板区,4例位于蝶窦外侧隐窝区。均在全麻下经鼻内镜入路漏口修补术,采用捣碎颞肌+颞肌筋膜修补位于前筛直径<2 mm的漏口,采用自体脂肪+捣碎颞肌修补位于嗅裂区筛板区域漏口,采用捣碎颞肌+鼻中隔筛骨垂直板+颞肌筋膜修补位于后筛区直径>4 mm的漏口,采用鼻中隔软骨膜+钩突表面黏膜修补位于蝶窦外侧隐窝漏口。结果所有患者均一次治愈,出院后长期低盐饮食,定期随访,平均随访时间为15个月,鼻腔漏口区上皮化生长良好,无复发,无眶内、颅内及并发症发生。结论鼻内镜下行脑脊液鼻漏修补术是外科手术治疗脑脊液鼻漏的首选方式。术前脑脊液生化检查和鼻窦薄层CT和MRI是必备的术前检查,根据颅底缺损的位置、大小决定修复材料的使用是较为可行的方法,鼻内镜下手术操作具有创伤小、视野清楚、成功率高及并发症较少的优点。