免疫抑制小鼠阿萨希丝孢酵母菌皮肤感染差异表达基因筛选

目的观察免疫抑制宿主和健康宿主在遭遇条件致病真菌初期基因表达的差异,筛选新的真菌免疫相关基因,以进一步了解条件致病真菌导致系统性真菌病的发病机制. 方法免疫抑制和健康小鼠各6只,经皮下接种阿萨希丝孢酵母菌(Trichosporon asahii)孢子,24 h后处死,取皮损组织,提取总RNA进行基因表达谱芯片研究. 结果筛选出11条免疫相关差异表达基因,实验组编码补体C2、TNF-诱导蛋白、干扰素诱导蛋白、CD53、CD79、CD22等10个免疫相关基因表达下调,编码触珠蛋白(haptoglobin)基因表达上调. 结论实验显示免疫抑制小鼠皮损局部免疫功能在免疫应答的某些环节受到了抑制,如补体激活、干扰素诱导等,这些改变可能在丝孢酵母菌皮肤感染,甚至进一步播散的过程中发挥着重要作用.     

阿萨希毛孢子菌胞外分泌酶水平的比较

目的探索阿萨希毛孢子菌细胞外分泌酶的种类与活性。方法采用卵黄琼脂培养基、BSA-琼脂培养基和AIP-ZYM试剂盒，观察11株阿萨希毛孢子菌细胞外分泌酶的种类及酶活性。结果11株阿萨希毛孢子菌中9株磷脂酶活性较强，2株酶活性弱；均未测得酸性蛋白酶分泌。AIP—ZYM试剂盒显示11株菌有共性分泌酶，也有部分菌株有特异性分泌酶。结论阿萨希毛孢子菌细胞外分泌酶种类多样，不同来源菌株产酶种类及酶活性亦不相同。     

Fungemia due to Trichosporon mucoides in a diabetes mellitus patient: A rare case report

Trichosporon species are widely distributed in nature and can occasionally belong to the human microbiota. For many years, Trichosporon beigelii, the only species of this genus, was found as the aetiological agent of superficial skin infection called white piedra. However, many cases of invasive trichosporonosis caused by different newly delineated species of Trichosporon have been published in increasing numbers in recent past years, especially in immunocompromised persons. We report a rare case of fungemia due to Trichosporon mucoides in a diabetes mellitus patient, which will add to the emerging list of trichosporonosis infections.     

Trichosporon beigelii: Increased Occurrence in Homosexual Men: Trichosporon beigelii: Erhöhtes Vorkommen unter homosexuellen Männern

Summary: Trichosporon beigelii was isolated from rectal cultures in 45 of 290 homosexual men (15.5%), compared to four positive cultures in 161 heterosexual men (2.5%). A sexual transmission in homosexual men may explain the statistically significant difference in the frequencies of isolation of Trichosporon beigelii.
Zusammenfassung: Trichosporon beigelii wurde in Kulturen von Rektalabstrichen bei 45 aus 290 homosexuellen Männern isoliert (15.5%), dies im Vergleich zu vier positiven Kulturen von 161 heterosexuellen Männern (2.5%). Eine sexuelle Übertragung unter homosexuellen Männem könnte den statistisch signifikanten Unterschied in der Häufigkeit des Vorkommens von Trichosporon beigelii erklären.     

Identification of clinically relevant Trichosporon species

A dichotomous identification key to pathogenic species of the basisiomycetous genus Trichosporon Behrend is provided. It is based on growth tests with carbon sources not traditionally used in yeast taxonomy, viz. uric acid, ethylamine, L-4-hydroxyproline, tyramine and L-phenylalanine as sources of carbon and nitrogen, and polygalacturonate, quinate, 4-ethylphenol, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate and orcinol as sole carbon sources. Of the standard growth tests, assimilation of L-rhamnose and the maximum growth temperature proved to be useful. In addition to medically relevant species, other species able to grow at 37 degrees C were treated as well.     

Transmission of Trichosporon asahii oesophagitis by a contaminated endoscope

Two cases of oesophageal trichosporonosis due to a suspected nosocomial infection are reported. Both the patients were immunocompetent and had undergone an endoscopic examination on the same day. Six strains of Trichosporon were isolated: three strains from the oesophageal biopsy of the first patient, one strain from the endoscopic forceps, one from the air in the endoscopy room, and one from the oesophageal biopsy of the second patient. The nosocomial nature of the infection and the role of the endoscopic forceps in transporting the micro-organism was suspected, but the morphology and physiology of the isolated strains did not confirm such hypothesis. To elucidate the nature of the infection and the genetic similarities of the strains isolated, all strains were typed with RFLPs of the rDNA fragment and with RAPD. The results of RAPD using primer (GTG)5 (GACA)4, M13 core sequence, and the 15-mer oligonucleotide GAGGGTGGXGGXTCT indicated the molecular identity of three strains supporting the hypothesis concerning a transport of the aetiological agent from the first patient to the second and that the carrier was the forceps of the endoscopic device.     

Trichosporon beigelii Pneumonia in a Patient with Malignant Histiocytosis

A 30-year-old previously healthy housewife presented with bilateralpulmonary infiltrates. She was treated with various antibioticsbut died with disseminated intravascular coagulation. Culturesof tracheal aspirates obtained prior to her death yielded Trichosporonbeigelii. Postmortem examination revealed T. beigelii pneumoniawith fungal dissemination in other organs. In addition, manyorgans were found to be infiltrated with atypical mononuclearcells which exhibited cytochemical properties of histiocytes.It was considered, therefore, that T. beigelii pneumonia developedon the basis of underlying malignant histiocytosis. T. beigeliiin her lung sections was fluorescently stained with rabbit antiserumto the fungus isolated from the patient. This is the first reportof Trichosporon beigelii pneumonia associated with malignanthistiocytosis.     

临床常见毛孢子菌的鉴定

为了探讨临床常见毛孢子菌（Trichosporon spp.)的鉴定方法，在形态学、营养生理学试验的基础上对临床常见的毛孢子菌－皮瘤毛孢子菌（Trichosporon inkin)、皮毛孢子菌（Trichosporon cutaneum)及阿萨希毛孢子菌（Trichosporon asahii)进行核糖体核糖核酸（rRNA)基因（rDNA)的内转录间区（ITS）扩增，用限制性内切酶Cfr3I、NcoI对聚合酶链反应（PCR）产物进行限制性片段长度多态性（RFLP）分析及序列测定，发现用Cfr13I做酶切，皮毛孢子菌的RFLP带型和阿萨希毛孢子菌、皮瘤毛孢子菌的不同；用NcoI做酶切，皮瘤毛孢子菌的带型与另两者不一致，序列分析的结果与形态学、营养生理学试验一致。结果提示，温度试验、API 20C、RFLP及序列测定可用于鉴定临床常见的毛孢子菌。     

White piedra and Trichosporon species in equatorial Africa. II. Clinical and mycological associations: an analysis of 449 superficial inguinal specimens

Summary. Eighty-one of 449 Gabonese female patients examined were found to be positive for genitopubic white piedra. The association with trichobacteriosis is frequent (53 cases), and mostly seen with inguinal intertrigo. Fifty-two strains belonging to the genus Trichosporon were isolated from genital hairs as well as from inguinal intertrigo lesions. These strains were identified in accordance with previously defined morphological and biochemical criteria. Three species were recognized. T. mucoides (25 strains), T. inkin (20 strains) and T. asahii (seven strains). Their macroscopic and microscopic morphological properties, as well as their ability to reduce tetrazolium, were determined. In addition, the study of the clinical and pathogenic associations in which each of these strains was involved revealed some of their particular properties.
Zusammenfassung. Unter 449 untersuchten gabunesischen Frauen wurden 81 Patientinnen mit weißer Piedra im Genital-Schamhaar-Bereich gefunderi. Bei 52 dieser Patientinnen wurde Trichosporon isoliert; die Infektion ging häufig mit Trichobakteriose und meist mit Intertrigo einher. Die isolierten Trichosporon -Stämme wurden sowohl vom Schamhaar als auch von inguinalen Intertrigo-Läsionen isoliert. Die Isolate wurden nach den kürzlich definierten morphologischen und biochemischen Kriterien identifiziert. Es wurden drei Arten gefunden: T. mucoides (25 Stämme), T. inkin (20 Stämme) und T. asahii (7 Stämme) Ihre makroskopisch- und mikroskopisch-morphologischen Eigenschaften und ihre Tetrazolium-Reduktionsfähigkeit werden dargestellt. Bei jedem der Stämme wird auf klinische und pathogenetische Besonderheiten hingewiesen.     

Trichosporon on humans: a practical account

Summary. Six human pathogenic Trichosporon species are described with respect to criteria for routine identification, epidemiology and clinical origin: T. ovoides, T. inkin, T. asahii, T. asteroides (Fissuricella filamenta), T. cutaneum , and T. mucoides. These species are causative agents of white piedra and cutaneous infections and are involved in systemic, localized or disseminated mycoses, particularly in patients with underlying haematological malignancy. Data on in vitro sensitivity to antifungal drugs are provided.
Zusammenfassung. Sechs humanpathogene Trichosporon -Arten werden anhand von routinediagnostischen Merkmalen, der Epidemiologic sowie ihrer klinischen Herkunft beschrieben: T. ovoides, T. inkin, T. asahii, T. asteroides (Fissuricella filamenta), T. cutaneum und T. mucoides. Es handelt sich um Erreger der weißen Piedra und von Hautinfektionen sowie lokalisierter oder disseminierter tiefer Mykosen, insbesondere bei Patienten mit malignen hämatologischen Erkrankungen. Ferner werden Ergebnisse über in votro -Empfindlichkeiten gegenüber Antimykotika mitgeteilt.