精神分裂症患者心理防御机制与人格特征的相关性分析

目的　探讨精神分裂症患者心理防御方式和人格特片的特点及二者的相关性。方法　分别运用防御方式问卷 (DSQ)和艾森克个性问卷 (EPQ)对 10 1名精神分裂症患者和 30例正常人群进行防御方式评定和人格测定。结果　与正常对照组相比 ,精神分裂症患者更多采用不成熟和中间型防御方式 (P <0 0 5 )。防御方式与人格特征存在着一定的关联性 (P <0 0 5 )。不成熟型防御方式和中间型防御机制与EPQ的精神质 (P)得分和神经质 (N)得分呈显著正相关 (P <0 0 1) ,成熟防御机制与内外向(E)得分呈显著正相关 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　精神分裂症患者更多地使用不成熟防御机制 ,存在病态人格 ,且者之间存在明显相关性 ,有关结果 ,对于探讨精神分裂症患者的病理心理机制和开展心理治疗有指导意义。     

呼气相胸片的识别研究

根据呼气相胸片中肺部区域灰度较高的特点，通过边缘提取和边缘跟踪确定胸部区域，运用最大类间方差方法确定图像分割的阈值．再提取出肺部区域，然后求出肺部的灰度均值。但这样的结果并不理想。于是在此基础上提出修正方案，即以肺部灰度均值和骨骼灰度均值的比值作为特征值．即比例法。此方法可以较客观的识别呼气相胸片。最后用类间距离对这两种方法进行了量化比较。     

浅谈中国传统文化与当代心理治疗

当代中国的心理治疗有待“本土化”。传统文化中的中华民族心理特征具有务实 ,重视人与自然、社会和谐关系的特点 ,不彰显个性而有所节制。心理治疗在当代应吸取传统文化里的人生哲学、超越而丰富的精神世界及中医养生术所蕴含的有益元素     

大学生性格与心理健康的相关研究

目的了解本地大学生心理健康状况与性格的关系，为心理健康教育提供参考依据。方法以齐齐哈尔市某大学451名大学生为调查对象，其中男生232名，女生219名。采用青年性格问卷（CPI）与症状自评量表（SCL-90）进行调查。结果①本地大学生在躯体化、抑郁、敌对性、恐怖和偏执5个因子上的得分显著高于常模（P〈0．05）；而在人际关系因子上的得分与常模存在非常显著的差异（P〈0．01）。②女大学生在幸福感、精干性两方面得分高于男大学生，存在显著差异（P〈0．05）。③性格与心理健康相关性分析结果显示，性格的各因子分（除感情化因子外）与症状自评量表的各因子分之间呈显著负相关（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论本地大学生心理健康总体水平偏低，应大力加强大学生的心理健康教育，良好的性格有益于大学生的心理健康。     

肝脏局灶性小占位的磁共振信号强度比与病灶性质的相关性

目的 计算肝细胞癌、肝转移瘤、肝脏海绵状血管瘤和肝囊肿的病灶／肝脏磁共振信号强度比（SIR）,并评价其与病灶性质的关系。方法 随机选择经确诊的肝细胞癌、肝转移瘤、肝海绵状血管瘤和肝囊肿病例共92例（148个病灶）行前瞻性磁共振成像（0．5T）研究。计算4种病灶的SIR,并进行统计学分析。结果 在T1W图像上,肝海绵状血管瘤与恶性肿瘤的SIR值间差异无显著性（t=1.799,P=0.075);质子加权像上,良恶性肿瘤的SIR之间无统计学意义（t=0.691,P=0.491);T2WI上,良性病变的SIR显著高于恶性肿瘤（P＜0．01）,且4种病变的SIR值与回波时间（TE）之间均存在线性正向相关关系。结论 在T2WI个测得的SIR可用于区分肝脏占位性病灶的性质。     

孕产妇性格类型对围产期及产褥期后心理的影响

目的了解孕产妇的性格类型与围产期心理状态的关系，探讨有效的心理干预措施，为孕产妇心理保健工作提供科学依据。方法随机抽取2002年10月至2003年3月在产科门诊就诊的孕妇570例，采用艾森克个性问卷（EPQ）、焦虑自评量表（SAS）、抑郁自评量表（SDS）进行性格、心理状态及其影响因素的调查，对其中216例进行产时心理调查、300例于产后1～5d和产后42～60d跟踪调查。结果将孕产妇性格分为外向稳定、外向不稳定、内向稳定和内向不稳定四种类型，孕期焦虑、抑郁的发生率分别为10．5％、10．2％，产褥早期焦虑、抑郁的发生率分别为4．0％、5．3％，产褥后期与产褥期后抑郁的发生率分别为40．7％、10．0％，外向稳定的性格类型发生心理障碍者较少，内向不稳定性格类型发生心理障碍者较多。结论孕妇性格的稳定性对孕产妇心理状态的影响主要表现在不同性格人群发生心理障碍的几率不同，对高危人群实行重点干预可能减少围产期心理障碍的发生。     

衡阳市2003～2004年食物中毒特征及分析

[目的]掌握衡阳市近两年来食物中毒发生规律及特征，为控制和减少食物中毒的发生提供科学依据。[方法]对衡阳市2003～2004年食物中毒报表及调查报告进行统计分析。[结果]两年来共发生食物中毒32起，中毒人数1147人，死亡5人。农药及有毒化学物、细菌为主要致病因素，引起食物中毒原因为食物变质及农药污染，集体食堂和家庭为食物中毒高发场所。[结论]加强对农药及有毒化学物的管理，做好预防食物中毒的知识宣传教育，重点做好集体食堂、餐饮业及农村婚、丧、喜宴的卫生监督、监测工作。     

Distinct temperament and character profiles in first onset vitiligo but not in alopecia areata

Alopecia areata (AA) and vitiligo (V) are diseases that are correlated with psychiatric disorders before, during and after diagnosis. The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) is a well‐established approach for investigating personality traits in various psychosomatic diseases. The aim of this study is to compare and investigate the differences in the TCI between patients with first onset AA, patients with V and healthy controls (HC). Participants in the study included 42 patients with first onset AA, 50 adult patients with V and 60 HC who had no history or diagnoses of psychiatric or dermatological disorders. All participants were assessed with the TCI and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Among the temperament traits, the extravagance, disorderliness and total novelty‐seeking scores were lower, and the worry and pessimism scores were higher in patients with V compared with patients with AA and the HC. The mean score of the enlightened second nature and the total self‐directedness score of the character traits were higher in patients with V compared with patients with AA and the HC group. In the AA group, there was a negative correlation only between the reward dependence total score and the DLQI score. This study suggests that patients with first onset V have a distinct temperament, such as being unenthusiastic and unemotional, and character profiles, such as worry and pessimism, independent of their psychiatric comorbidities, and patients with AA do not have a different personality from the non‐affected population.     

上海市高中生性格特点及其与血型的相关性研究

目的揭示上海市高中生的性格特点,并分析其与血型的相关性。方法通过采用国际上广泛使用的五因素性格测试问卷,对1696名上海市高中生进行性格测试并辅以相关的问卷调查,采用SPSS生物统计学分析软件对所得数据进行分析。结果目前上海市高中生性格相对稳定;女生比男生更加外向且宜人性特征更加显著;高一和高二学生相比,高一学生更加宜人和具有责任心;重点高中学生更加情绪稳定,偏离神经质;更倾向外向性、经验的开放性、宜人性和责任心。大五模型性格特征与血型间不存在相关性。结论目前上海市高中生性格相对稳定,并且与血型之间不存在相关性。后天的培养对高中生性格的形成和发展有不可忽视的重要作用,家庭和学校应在教育过程中对学生良好性格的培养给予足够的重视。     

Self-Transcendence Mediates the Relationship between Early Trauma and Fatal Methods of Suicide Attempts

BackgroundEarly trauma is known to be a risk factor of suicide-related behavior. On the other hand, people who attempt suicide using a fatal method are reported to be more likely to complete suicide. In this study, we assumed that early trauma affects an individual''s temperament and character and thereby increases the risk of a fatal method of suicide attempts.MethodsWe analyzed 92 people with a history of previous suicide attempts. We compared the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised scores between the groups with and without early trauma, and between the groups with and without a history of suicide attempt using fatal methods through an analysis of covariance with age, sex, and presence of a psychiatric history as covariates. A mediation analysis was conducted of the relationship between early trauma and fatal methods of suicide attempt with self-transcendence as a mediator.ResultsHigher self-transcendence was reported in the fatal group (27.71 ± 13.78 vs. 20.97 ± 12.27, P = 0.010) and the early trauma group (28.05 ± 14.30 vs. 19.43 ± 10.73, P = 0.001), respectively. The mediation model showed that self-transcendence mediates the relationship between early trauma and fatal methods of suicide attempt. The 95% confidence intervals for the direct and indirect effect were (−0.559, 1.390) and (0.026, 0.947), respectively.ConclusionSelf-transcendence may mediate the relationship between early trauma and fatal methods of suicide attempt. Self-transcendence may be associated with unhealthy defenses and suicidal behavior for self-punishment and may constitute a marker of higher suicide risk.