早产儿消化道穿孔的病因及影响预后的危险因素分析

目的:探讨早产儿消化道穿孔的病因，分析影响早产儿消化道穿孔短期预后不良的危险因素。方法:回顾性分析山西省 儿童医院新生儿外科2015年1月—2021 年5月诊治的89 例早产儿消化道穿孔的临床资料。根据术后3 个月时结局分为生存 组和预后不良组。比较两组术前、术中及术后与早产儿消化道穿孔预后不良相关的因素，采用Logistic 回归分析筛选早产儿消 化道穿孔预后不良的危险因素。结果:早产儿消化道穿孔的病死率为25.84%，坏死性小肠结肠炎（NEC）和胃壁肌层缺损是早产 儿消化道穿孔常见的病因。单因素分析显示生存组患儿从发现气腹至手术时间在8 h 之内的比例显著高于预后不良组 （χ2=15.22，P＜0.01）。预后不良组合并脓毒性休克的比例显著高于生存组（χ2=33.19，P＜0.01）。预后不良组术后合并需非计划二次 手术的并发症比例显著高于生存组（χ2=7.24，P＜0.01）。Logistic 回归分析显示脓毒性休克（OR=0.06，95%CI:0.02~0.21，P＜0.01）和 气腹至手术时间大于8 h（OR=0.23，95%CI:0.07~0.81，P＜0.05）是早产儿消化道穿孔短期预后不良的危险因素。结论:NEC 和胃 壁肌层缺损是早产儿消化道穿孔的主要病因，脓毒性休克和从气腹发生至手术时间大于8 h 是早产儿消化道穿孔短期预后 不良的危险因素。     

Management of upper gastrointestinal perforations

Perforation of the upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract is a surgical emergency. Causes of oesophageal perforation include spontaneous (Boerhaave's), iatrogenic or foreign body ingestion. Perforation of the stomach and duodenum is most often caused by peptic ulcer disease. Management involves obtaining an accurate clinical diagnosis, through a combination of patient assessment, imaging and endoscopy. It is important to differentiate intramural from full thickness oesophageal perforations as this will guide the definitive surgical or endoscopic management. Perioperative care of these patients is as important as the definitive management step. This article will summarise an approach to managing perforation of the UGI tract; from initial assessment to postoperative care.     

Prospect of Endoscopic Mucosal Resection for Early Gastric Cancer: Our Devices in Insulated‐Tip Electrosurgical Knife Method

In Kobe University Hospital, a new method for endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) using insulated‐tip electrosurgical knife (IT‐EMR) for early gastric cancer (EGC) was introduced from November 2001. To achieve an effective and safe IT‐EMR procedure, we use a high‐frequency surgical unit for cutting and coagulation (ERBOTOM ICC 200) with automatically controlled cutting mode (ENDOCUT). In this study, we show not only our results of IT‐EMR for EGC in comparison with those of the conventional strip biopsy method, but also the optimal conditions for the apparatus of a high‐frequency surgical unit to prevent complications such as bleeding and perforation.     

碱性成纤维细胞生长因子对慢性鼓膜穿孔愈合的影响

目的 :探讨碱性成纤维细胞生长因子 (bFGF)在慢性鼓膜穿孔愈合中的作用。方法 :在豚鼠慢性创伤性鼓膜穿孔的动物模型上 ,观察应用bFGF 磷酸缓冲液 (2 5 0mg/L)治疗的鼓膜愈合率 ,用组织学检查鼓膜中层厚度 ,并与仅用磷酸缓冲液 (PBS)处理的作对照。结果 :bFGF治疗组鼓膜愈合率明显高于PBS组 (89.3%vs 37.5 % ,P <0 .0 1) ;鼓膜中层厚度bFGF组显著高于PBS组 [(30 5± 37) μmvs (10 2± 2 1) μm ,P <0 .0 1]。结论 :局部应用bFGF有明显促进慢性鼓膜穿孔鼓膜中层厚度及上皮细胞增生 ,促进鼓膜愈合的作用。     

Rhinolith: An unusual presentation

A case of rhinolith in a 60 years old male prsenting with palatal performation is, presented alongwith a brief discussion on the pathogenesis and treatment.     

CT在外伤性胃肠道穿孔急诊中的价值

目的:探讨急诊外伤性胃肠穿孔的CT征象及诊断价值。方法:收集18例经手术证实的外伤性胃肠道穿孔的临床资料及CT征象,分析与总结胃肠道破裂穿孔CT扫描的各种有价值的表现。结果:18例外伤急诊患者中,胃、十二指肠、空回肠与结肠穿孔各1,2,12,3例,其中空回肠为多处破裂,CT主要征象为腹腔散在积液征、游离气腹征、肠系膜与肠壁增厚模糊征、造影剂外溢征。结论:CT扫描在外伤性胃肠道穿孔急诊患者的检查中有定性诊断价值,综合分析各种征象,会明显提高CT的诊断正确率。     

The remucosalizing alar cartilage flap: a reconstructive option for repairing nasal septal perforations

The objective of this study is to assess the results of repairing septal perforations with a vascularized pedicled alar cartilage island flap. Using the external rhinoplasty approach, a vascularized flap of alar cartilage, harvested as a cephalic trim and pedicled on the ascending columellar branches of the superior labial artery was raised. Bilateral mucoperichondrial septal flaps were elevated and the alar flap was transposed and secured within the defect and bilaterally overlaid with temporalis fascia. Silastic sheets were placed and remained in situ until the grafts were revascularized from the peripheries of the defect as well as centrally from the alar flap. The revascularized temporalis fascia acted as a scaffold for nasal remucosalization. The alar flap also increased the long-term structural robustness of the repair. Between 1999 and 2003, 14 patients with septal perforations ranging from 10 to 31 mm underwent septal reconstruction using this technique. There were nine males and five females. The flap was successfully raised in all cases and long-term closure was maintained in 12 patients (86%). The alar cartilage flap is an effective technique for repairing septal perforations in selected patients. It provides vascularized tissue which nourishes the grafts during remucosalization, and a cartilaginous framework, which affords long-term structural support to the repair. It also obviates the need to transpose nasal mucosa and create a secondary defect. The rhinoplasty approach furthermore permits additional nasal deformities to be corrected at the same time. Presented at the British Association of Plastic Surgeons Summer Scientific Meeting, Sheffield, UK (12 July 2006).     

Spontaneous gallbladder perforation—An unusual presentation of carcinoma of the pancreas

A 50 year old man with a two month history of upper abdominal pain and a one month history of anorexia and weight loss, presented with icterus and evidence of peritonitis. Laparotomy revealed biliary peritonitis which had been caused by a rupture of the fundus of the gallbladder. The common bile duct was dilated and there was a large growth in the head of the pancreas with multiple hepatic metastases. A cholecysto-jejunostomy and gastrojejunostomy were done and the patient had an uneventful recovery.     

髓底穿通修复材料密封性的比较研究

选择３２颗新近拔除的磨牙，３号球钻由冠方进入造成髓底穿孔，分为４个实验组，分别充以氧化锌丁香油糊剂、氢氧化钙糊剂、磷酸锌水门汀及玻璃离子粘固粉，丁氧膏密封牙合面。各牙表面涂指甲油后，浸入１％中性红染液，１０天后取出，测各牙穿孔处染液渗入高度。结果显示：实验组染液渗入高度１组＜２组＜３组＜４组，提示４种材料相比，氧化锌丁香油糊剂用于底穿修复的密封性能最好。     

新生儿胃穿孔14例治疗体会

目的　探讨新生儿胃穿孔的发病特点和治疗方法。方法　对我院近 10年治疗的 14例新生儿胃穿孔进行回顾性分析。结果　 14例新生儿胃穿孔皆行手术治疗 ,术后死亡 7例。结论　新生儿胃穿孔多因先天性胃壁肌层发育不良及胃内张力增高缺血缺氧所致。早期诊断 ,及时手术 ,减少并发症及术后加强支持疗法是提高本病治愈率的关键