伏立康唑一级预防急性白血病患者化疗期间并发真菌感染的临床疗效北大核心

目的:探讨初诊急性白血病患者化疗期间应用伏立康唑进行预防侵袭性真菌病(IFD)的临床疗效及安全性。方法:回顾性分析2016年02月至2018年03月期间我院血液科收治的初诊急性白血病行化疗的患者166例,按照是否使用抗真菌药进行预防性治疗分为观察组(应用伏立康唑进行预防治疗,n=103)和对照组(未应用抗真菌药物,n=63),比较两组患者IFD发生率差异,并分析抗真菌药物应用的不良反应。结果:观察组IFD发生率为10.7%,对照组为33.3%,两组患者的IFD发生率有明显差异(P<0.05);所有应用伏立康唑进行预防治疗的患者均未出现严重的不良反应。结论:伏立康唑可以有效减低急性白血病患者化疗期间IFD发生率,并且有着较好的安全性,值得在临床推广应用。     

Nipple leiomyoma: A rare neoplasm with a broad spectrum of histologic appearances

Cutaneous leiomyomas are rare benign smooth‐muscle tumors. These lesions are distinguished based on their cell of origin and are subclassified as pilar leiomyoma, angioleiomyoma, and genital‐type leiomyoma. Nipple leiomyoma is the least common genital‐type leiomyoma, arising from the dartoic muscle cell of the nipple. Histologic examination of the lesion is necessary for definitive diagnosis, and these uncommon tumors can pose a diagnostic challenge. We describe herein a series of six nipple leiomyomas with a spectrum of histologic appearances.     

健脾生血片治疗慢性心力衰竭伴贫血的临床效果

目的:探索健脾生血片治疗慢性心力衰竭伴贫血的疗效、安全性和作用机制。方法:选取2016年5月至2017年2月同济医院收治的慢性心力衰竭贫血患者144例,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组72例。观察组给予健脾生血片治疗,3片/次,3次/d,疗程3个月;对照组给予生血宝合剂治疗,15 m L/次,3次/d,3个月为1个疗程。比较2组患者治疗前与治疗后血红蛋白、红细胞计数、网织红细胞、血清铁、转铁蛋白饱和度、血清铁蛋白、血清铁调素(Hepcidin)、血清IL-1β、血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、6 min步行距离、明尼苏达心力衰竭生命质量量表(MLHFQ)和不良事件。并随访2组心血管事件次数,住院次数与全因死亡率。结果:观察组72例患者完成了前3个月的治疗,随访期间脱失2例;对照组治疗期间1例患者退出研究,随访期间脱失4例。2组一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05),具有可比性。观察组贫血有效率98. 6%,对照组有效率11. 3%,差异有统计学意义(P0. 05)。治疗后观察组红细胞计数和网织红细胞、均显著高于对照组(P 0. 05)。观察组血清铁、转铁蛋白饱和度水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05),但血清铁调素水平显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05),血清铁蛋白水平2组差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。观察组IL-1β、血清TNF-α、血清CRP均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。观察组LVEF、6 min步行距离、明尼苏达心力衰竭生命质量量表(MLHFQ)均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。2组不良事件总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05),但对照组4例患者出现血清肌酐、尿素氮水平异常,发生率高于观察组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。经1年随访,观察组心血管事件人均发生次数显著少于对照组(P 0. 05),但2组住院次数和全因死亡率比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论:健脾生血片可有效治疗心力衰竭伴贫血,减少心血管发生次数,并且安全性良好,其作用机制与提供准确足量铁元素、抑制铁调素表达,抑制慢性炎性反应有关。     

Pharmacokinetic study of the oral fluorouracil antitumor agent S‐1 in patients with impaired renal function

Although dose reduction of S‐1 is recommended for patients with impaired renal function, dose modification for such patients has not been prospectively evaluated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic parameters of 5‐fluorouracil, 5‐chloro‐2,4 dihydroxypyridine and oteracil potassium, and to review the recommended dose modification of S‐1 in patients with renal impairment. We classified patients receiving S‐1 into 4 groups according to their renal function, as measured using the Japanese estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) equation. The daily S‐1 dose was adjusted based on the patient's eGFR and body surface area. Blood samples were collected for pharmacokinetic analysis. A total of 33 patients were enrolled and classified into 4 groups as follows: 10 patients in cohort 1 (eGFR ≥ 80 mL/min/1.73 m²), 10 patients in cohort 2 (eGFR = 50‐79 mL/min/1.73 m²), 10 patients in cohort 3 (eGFR = 30‐49 mL/min/1.73 m²), and 3 patients in cohort 4 (eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m²). Those in cohorts 3 and 4 treated with an adjusted dose of S‐1 showed a similar area under the curve for 5‐fluorouracil (941.9 ± 275.6 and 1043.5 ± 224.8 ng/mL, respectively) compared with cohort 2 (1034.9 ± 414.3 ng/mL). Notably, while there was a statistically significant difference between cohort 1 (689.6 ± 208.8 ng/mL) and 2 (P = 0.0474) treated with an equal dose of S‐1, there was no significant difference observed in the toxicity profiles of the cohorts. In conclusion, dose adjustment of S‐1 in patients with impaired renal function using eGFR is appropriate and safe.     

New frontiers in applied veterinary point‐of‐capture diagnostics: Toward early detection and control of zoonotic influenza

Among the chief limitations in achieving early detection and control of animal‐origin influenza of pandemic potential in high‐risk livestock populations is the existing lag time between sample collection and diagnostic result. Advances in molecular diagnostics are permitting deployment of affordable, rapid, highly sensitive, and specific point‐of‐capture assays, providing opportunities for targeted surveillance driving containment strategies with potentially compelling returns on investment. Interrupting disease transmission at source holds promise of disrupting cycles of animal‐origin influenza incursion to endemicity and limiting impact on animal production, food security, and public health. Adoption of new point‐of‐capture diagnostics should be undertaken in the context of promoting robust veterinary services systems and parallel support for operationalizing pre‐authorized plans and communication strategies that will ensure that the full potential of these new platforms is realized.