An analysis of underlying factors for seasonal variation in gonorrhoea in India: A 6-year statistical assessment

Purpose: A statistical assessment of a disease is often necessary before resources can be allocated to any control programme. No literature on seasonal trends of gonorrhoea is available from India. Objectives: The objectives were (1) to determine, if any, seasonal trends were present in India (2) to describe factors contributing to seasonality of gonorrhoea (3) to formulate approaches for gonorrhoea control at the national level. Materials and Methods: Seasonal indices for gonorrhoea were calculated quarterly in terms of a seasonal index between 2005 and 2010. Ratio-to-moving average method was used to determine the seasonal variation. The original data values in the time-series were expressed as percentages of moving averages. Results were also analyzed by second statistical method i.e. seasonal subseries plot. Results: The seasonally adjusted average for culture-positive gonorrhoea cases was highest in the second quarter (128.61%) followed by third quarter (108.48%) while a trough was observed in the first (96.05%) and last quarter (64.85%). The second quarter peak was representative of summer vacations in schools and colleges. Moreover, April is the harvesting month followed by celebrations and social gatherings. Both these factors are associated with increased sexual activity and partner change. A trough in first and last quarter was indicative of festival season and winter leading to less patients reporting to the hospital. Conclusion: The findings highlight the immediate need to strengthen sexual health education among young people in schools and colleges and education on risk-reduction practices especially at crucial points in the calendar year for effective gonorrhoea control.     

疼痛管理在创伤骨科护理管理中的应用价值

目的探究创伤骨科护理管理中疼痛管理的应用价值。方法 82例患者选取于2017年6月-2018年6月,所有患者均来源于本院骨科收治的住院患者,数字表为患者分组原则,常规组41例,疼痛组41例,分别予以常规护理、常规护理+疼痛管理,比较满意度、疼痛评分及平均住院时间。结果疼痛组满意度92.68%比常规组73.17%高,差异具有统计学意义(χ^2=5.513,P <0.05),患者干预后的疼痛评分低于常规组,平均住院时间短于常规组,差异存在统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论疼痛管理用于创伤骨科护理管理中,患者疼痛明显减轻,患者满意度高,缩短了患者的平均住院时间。     

A Well-Balanced Positivity-Preserving Quasi-Lagrange Moving Mesh DG Method for the Shallow Water Equations

A high-order, well-balanced, positivity-preserving quasi-Lagrange moving mesh DG method is presented for the shallow water equations with non-flat bottom topography. The well-balance property is crucial to the ability of a scheme to simulate perturbation waves over the lake-at-rest steady state such as waves on a lake or tsunami waves in the deep ocean. The method combines a quasi-Lagrange moving mesh DG method, a hydrostatic reconstruction technique, and a change of unknown variables. The strategies in the use of slope limiting, positivity-preservation limiting, and change of variables to ensure the well-balance and positivity-preserving properties are discussed. Compared to rezoning-type methods, the current method treats mesh movement continuously in time and has the advantages that it does not need to interpolate flow variables from the old mesh to the new one and places no constraint for the choice of a update scheme for the bottom topography on the new mesh. A selection of one- and two-dimensional examples are presented to demonstrate the well-balance property, positivity preservation, and high-order accuracy of the method and its ability to adapt the mesh according to features in the flow and bottom topography.     

In Vitro-In Vivo Extrapolation and Hepatic Clearance-Dependent Underprediction

Accurately predicting the hepatic clearance of compounds using in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) is crucial within the pharmaceutical industry. However, several groups have recently highlighted the serious error in the process. Although empirical or regression-based scaling factors may be used to mitigate the common underprediction, they provide unsatisfying solutions because the reasoning behind the underlying error has yet to be determined. One previously noted trend was intrinsic clearance-dependent underprediction, highlighting the limitations of current in vitro systems. When applying these generated in vitro intrinsic clearance values during drug development and making first-in-human dose predictions for new chemical entities though, hepatic clearance is the parameter that must be estimated using a model of hepatic disposition, such as the well-stirred model. Here, we examine error across hepatic clearance ranges and find a similar hepatic clearance-dependent trend, with high clearance compounds not predicted to be so, demonstrating another gap in the field.     

新型管理模式在护理实习教学管理中的应用探讨

目的探讨在进行护理实习教学管理期间新型管理模式应用可行性。方法选择我院2018年1月-2019年2月102例实习护生作为试验对象;数字奇偶法分组后探究每组教学管理模式;对照组(51名):选择传统护理教学管理模式展开;试验组(51名):选择新型护理教学管理模式展开;比较两组护实习护生行为规范合格率、平均业务学习出勤率以及教学满意度评分结果。结果试验组实习护生规范合格率(98.04%)高于对照组(64.71%)(P<0.05);试验组实习护生平均业务学习出勤率(98.04%)高于对照组(62.75%)(P<0.05);试验组实习护生各项教学满意度评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论医院实习护生在接受新型护理实习教学管理后,对于规范合格率的提升,平均业务学习出勤率的提升以及教学满意度评分的提升,均获得显著效果,最终为医院实习护生的学习效率以及护理安全提升奠定了基础。     

Continuously moving table 3D MRI with lateral frequency-encoding direction.

A method is presented for 3D MRI in an extended field of view (FOV) based on continuous motion of the patient table and an efficient acquisition scheme. A gradient-echo MR pulse sequence is applied with lateral (left-right (L/R)) frequency-encoding direction and slab selection along the direction of motion. Compensation for the table motion is achieved by a combination of slab tracking and data alignment in hybrid space. The method allows fast k-space coverage to be achieved, especially when a short sampling FOV is chosen along the direction of table motion, as is desirable for good image quality. The method can be incorporated into different acquisitions schemes, including segmented k-space scanning, which allows for contrast variation with the use of magnetization preparation. Head-to-toe images of volunteers were obtained with good quality using 3D spoiled gradient-echo sequences. As an example of magnetization-prepared imaging, fat/water separated images were acquired using chemical shift selective (CHESS) presaturation pulses.     

求和自回归滑动平均模型结合圆分布法分析脑卒中死亡率动态规律

通过1999年1月至2006年12月天津市脑卒中逐月死亡率数据,应用圆分布法探讨脑卒中死亡率的季节分布,动态变化规律,建立监测与预测的时间序列模型.通过模型辨识、参数估计及其检验、白噪声检验、模型的拟合度分析等过程,建立求和自回归滑动平均模型(ARIMA)的季节乘积模型(P,d,q)(P,D,Q)s.脑卒中死亡率以年为周期,一年中1月为高发月份.建立ARIMA(0,1,0)×(0,1,1)12:模型:(1-B)(1-B12)lnx1=0.001+(1-0.537B12)εt.结论:ARIMA乘积模型结合圆分布法是对脑卒中死亡率进行时间序列分析的重要方法;应用该方法可对脑卒中流行趋势及死亡率进行预测,为卫生资源合理分配、公共卫生政策计划制定和防治结果考核提供科学依据.     

南山区与某社区常住人口6年恶性肿瘤发病调查

目的：了解某社区常住人口恶性肿瘤平均年发病率是否高于周边人群，重点是白血病平均年发病率。方法：采用回顾性调查法及个案调查表收集该社区1998年6月～2004年9月常住人口中的确诊恶性肿瘤病人22例，将该社区恶性肿瘤平均年发病率与南山区在该时段恶性肿瘤平均的发病率进行比较。结果：1998年6月～2004年9月南山区常住人口恶性肿瘤平均年发病66．1／10万，某社区常住人口恶性肿瘤平均年发病率29．9／10万，两地差异有统计学意义（F=0．0001，P〈0．05）；南山区常住人口白血病平均年发病率2．79／10万，某社区常住人口白血病平均年发病率4．07／10万，两者无统计学意义差异（F=0．467，P〉0．05）。结论：该社区常住人口恶性肿瘤及白血病平均年发病水平低于南山区全区水平。     

1996-2000年某医院五种恶性肿瘤例均住院费用分析

恶性肿瘤是给群众带来严重健康损害的经济负担的疾病之一,已经列居我国城市 疾病死亡原因的第一位。本研究利用医院为基础的五种恶性肿瘤住院患者的费用数据,分析1996-2000年五种恶性肿瘤患者例均住院费用的变化趋势,比较自费患者和公费患者之间的例均费用差异。根据恶性肿瘤费用水平高、增长幅度快,且公费患者费用明显高于自费患者的情况,提出在医疗保障制度改革的社会环境下,医院必须加强病种费用管理,主动控制医疗费用水平。     

SMB色谱分离过程的建模与优化

基于物料平衡理论建立了SMB色谱分离过程的理想数学模型。以提高产品纯度和叫率为目标，依据Massimo三角形理论，研究了主要操作参数对SMB性能的影响。针对具体的分离象进行了仿真和操作条件寻优，并以此指导实际分离实验，得到满意的结果。说明了简化的模型在操作优化、参数设计和分离预测中的作用。