早期手法矫正系列石膏固定治疗先天性马蹄内翻足

目的 评价早期应用手法矫正系列石膏固定(Ponseti方法)治疗先天性马蹄内翻足的效果。方法 从1997年5月-2001年12月保守治疗出生后3个月内的先天性马蹄内翻足22例共30个足。患儿的平均年龄为生后第23d，方法 采用Ponseti的手法矫正和连续长腿石膏固定，每周更换石膏一次。在石膏固定结束后，患儿穿戴矫形支具至少1年。结果 本组平均治疗时间10．5周，平均随访2年4个月。27个足(90％)的畸形获得满意矫正，3个足因支具穿戴欠配合，随访时仍有残余畸形，需广泛软组织松解术矫正。结论 Ponseti的“旋后外展”手法矫正方法和连续长腿石膏固定，可使不同畸形程度的先天性马蹄内翻足在早期获得充分的矫正，石膏固定结束后应佩戴矫形支具至少1年，以防畸形复发。     

Relapse of Clubfoot after Treatment with the Ponseti Method and the Function of the Foot Abduction Orthosis

Ponseti clubfoot treatment has become more popular during the last decade because of its high initial correction rate. But the most common problem affecting the long-term successful outcome is relapse of the deformity. Non-compliance with Ponseti brace protocol is a major problem associated with relapse. Although more comfortable braces have been reported to improve the compliance, they all have the same design and no significant changes have been made to the protocols. After refinement in the Ponseti method and emphasizing the importance of brace to parents, the relapse rate has been markedly decreased. Nevertheless, there are patients who do not have any recurrence although they are not completely compliant with the brace treatment, whereas other patients have a recurrence even though they are strictly compliant with the brace treatment. The aim of this article is to review the relapse of clubfoot and the function of the brace and to develop an individualized brace protocol for each patient by analyzing the mechanism of the brace and the biomechanical properties of muscles, tendons, and ligaments.     

Mid-term results of a physiotherapist-led Ponseti service for the management of non-idiopathic and idiopathic clubfoot

BackgroundThe Ponseti method is the preferred treatment for idiopathic clubfoot. Although popularised by orthopaedic surgeons it has expanded to physiotherapists and other health practitioners. This study reviews the results of a physiotherapist-led Ponseti service for idiopathic and non-idiopathic clubfeet and compares these results with those reported by other groups.MethodA prospective cohort of clubfeet (2005–2012) with a minimum 2-year follow-up after correction was reviewed. Physiotherapists treated 91 children—41 patients (69 feet) had non-idiopathic deformities and 50 children (77 feet) were idiopathic. Objective outcomes were evaluated and compared to results from other groups managing similar patient cohorts.ResultsThe mean follow-up was 4.6 years (range 2–8.3 years) for both groups. The non-idiopathic group required a median of 7 casts to correct the clubfoot deformity with an 83 % tenotomy rate compared to a median of 5 casts for the idiopathic group with a 63 % tenotomy rate. Initial correction was achieved in 96 % of non-idiopathic feet and in 100 % of idiopathic feet. Recurrence requiring additional treatment was higher in the non-idiopathic group with 40 % of patients (36 % of feet) sustaining a relapse as opposed to 8 % (6 % feet) in the idiopathic group. Surgery was required in 26 % of relapsed non-idiopathic feet and 6 % of idiopathic.ConclusionsAlthough Ponseti treatment was not as successful in non-idiopathic feet as in idiopathic feet, deformity correction was achieved and maintained in the mid-term for the majority of feet. These results compare favourably to other specialist orthopaedic-based services for Ponseti management of non-idiopathic clubfeet.

Level of evidence

Prognostic Level III.     

Peroneus longus tendon transfer; prospective study of treatment outcome of recurrent fixed clubfoot deformities in children after failed surgical treatment

BackgroundIn childhood, for flexible clubfoot deformity, the transfer of the tendon of the tibialis anterior muscle is widely used. In contrast, extensive surgical procedures are required for fixed clubfoot deformities.MethodsWe describe the peroneus longus tendon transfer to the peroneus brevis tendon, additionally to full surgical release, in cases of recurrent fixed clubfoot deformities. The purpose of this surgical technique was to restore and maintain the dynamic balance of foot inversion-eversion during the gait cycle by augmenting the muscular strength of the weak peroneus brevis tendon. We report the prospective study of treatment outcome of twenty recurrent fixed clubfoot deformities in twelve children (20 feet) after failed surgical treatment they had. Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs under full-body weight-bearing and the AOFAS score pre-and postoperatively were used in all patients. For the estimation of the severity of the recurrent clubfoot deformity in each child and to increase the credibility of the AOFAS rating scale, we additionally used a clubfoot sheet score preoperatively and postoperatively (maximum score 100 points for normal foot appearance clinically and radiologically).ResultsThe mean age at surgery was 6,85 (±1,81; 5–11) years. The mean follow-up time was 5,4 (±1,7; 2–8) years. The mean AOFAS ankle-hindfoot rating score increased from 69,85 (±9,51; 53–82) points preoperatively to 94,4 (±2,43; 91–97) points postoperatively. The mean clubfoot sheet rating score increased from 43,00 (±12,18; 15–55) points, preoperatively to 90,0 (±4,58; 80–95) points postoperatively. The two-tailed p-value was < 0,0001.ConclusionsThe transfer of the peroneus longus tendon to the peroneus brevis tendon is a minimal surgical procedure that acts collaboratively in maintaining the correction of foot deformity, achieved by the complete surgical release. Level of Evidence: IV.     

应用Ilizarov技术治疗儿童复发性僵硬型先天性马蹄内翻足

目的探讨应用Ilizarov技术治疗复发性僵硬型先天性马蹄内翻足(Congenital Clubfoot,CCF)的方法与临床疗效。方法自2008年1月至2015年12月,应用Ilizarov技术治疗29例45足复发性僵硬型CCF,依据Dimeglio分型,均为Ⅲ、Ⅳ型,将连接于胫骨、跟骨,跖骨的Ilizarov外固定环互相连接、组合成复杂的三维外固定器,通过四维调节(三维空间加一维时间),逐渐矫正畸形,从而使患足达到或接近正常足的外形和功能。其中,31足单纯安装Ilizarov外固定牵伸器,9足结合经皮跟腱延长,7足结合中跗骨截骨,3足结合后足的V形截骨。术后7天开始矫正,速度1 mm/d,分4次完成,踝关节矫正至背伸约10°,后足轻度外翻后,停止矫形。矫正位带外固定器负重或保护下行走4周,拆除外固定器短腿管型石膏固定6~8周,拆石膏后夜间支具维持矫形3年。结果所有患者均获随访,随访时间11个月至6年,平均39个月。根据国际马蹄足畸形研究会(ICFSG)的评分系统,优23足,良18足,可3足,差1足,优良率91%。差的1足为DimeglioⅣ型,单纯应用Ilizarov外固定牵伸器治疗,矫形后步态改善,但遗留部分跟骨内翻畸形,2年后畸形明显复发,行三关节融合术治愈。结论应用llizarov外固定器三维矫正马蹄内翻足畸形,安全、微创、疗效确实,尤其适用于大年龄儿童之复发性僵硬型马蹄内翻足,有一定的临床应用价值。     

先天性马蹄内翻足的病因学研究

先天性马蹄内翻足(CCF)是一种常见的足部畸形,病因目前还不清楚。以往的研究认为,该病与骨骼发育异常、神经肌肉病变、软组织挛缩、血管异常及遗传因素、宫内发育阻滞有关。但大多数学者均支持神经肌肉病变学说及骨骼异常学说。本文就该病的病因学研究简要综述。