模拟调强技术照射鼻咽低分化鳞癌细胞的生物效应机制研究

Objective To study the altered radiobiological effect of simulative intensity-modulated radiotherapy (SIMR) in cultured human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells and the related mechanism. Methods Single cell suspension of exponentially growing CNE-2 cells, a poor differentiated NPC cell line, was seeded and cultured for 12 hours, then the cells were irradiated in two different models by 6 MV X-ray beams at 3 Gy/min. In single fraction irradiation (SFR) model, cells were irradiated a single fraction of 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8 Gy within 0 to 3 minutes. In S1MR model, cells were irradiated 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8 Gy in 5 frac-tions with interval of 8.0-8.5 minutes between. Clonogenic assay was performed to determine the radiosen-sitivity. Cellular apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. RT-PCR was used to detect mRNA expressions of Bax and Bcl-2, Respectively. Results Compared with SFR group, the survival fraction in SIMR group was higher at all the dose levels. The values of α, β, D0 and Dq were higher in SIMR group than in SFR group. At dose levels of 2 Gy, 4 Gy and 6 Gy, The early and late apoptotic cells in SIMR group were lower than in SFR group (21.20%: 15.89%, F=18.51, P=0.020;13.00%: 10.20, F=15.67, P=0.040).The mRNA expression of Bax was upregulated in a dose-dependent manner in the both groups. Compared with SFR group, the mRNA expression of Bax in SIMR group was lower at all the dose levels (Mean value of 76.75% : 62.50%, F =36.57, P =0.000). Bcl-2 mRNA expression at every dose level had no significant difference between the two groups (Mean value of 29.25% : 29.75%, F=0.74, P=0.800). Conclusions Prolonged delivery time in SIMR model can decrease the radiobiological effects.     

介入加放疗综合治疗6例晚期下咽癌临床报道

下咽癌是头颈部比较常见的恶性肿瘤，约占头颈部恶性肿瘤的0．8％～2．5％，由于解剖结构特殊，治疗上首先放疗。放疗后5年生存率约50％，晚期病例仅为10％～20％。我们对6例晚期下咽癌放疗前中进行选择性动脉灌注化疗，受到很好效果，现报告如下。     

鼻腔嗅神经母细胞瘤11例临床分析

目的 回顾分析鼻腔嗅神经母细胞瘤的放疗疗效.方法 1974～1994年鼻腔嗅神经母细胞瘤11例,其中B期6例,C期5例.单纯放疗6例,术后放疗5例.3例术后无肿瘤肉眼残留者照射剂量D_T45Gy～55Gy/23～28次共4.5～5.5周.其余8例照射剂量D_T均在60Gy/30次共6周以上.3例颈淋巴结转移者照射剂量D_T60Gy～65Gy/30～33次共6～7周.结果 本组病例三、五年生存率分别为55%、36%,单纯放疗组分别为33%、17%,术后放疗组分别为80%、60%.P值0.2727,二组在统计学上无显著差异.全组病例中3例局部复发,2例血行转移.结论 B、C期患者根治性手术加术后放疗为局部控制的较好治疗方案.     

新疆地区局部晚期鼻咽癌Nomogram预后模型研究

目的 分析新疆地区局部晚期鼻咽癌患者治疗后的预后相关因素,构建列线图（Nomogram）预后模型,并对此模型进行验证。方法 选择2010年7月至2017年6月新疆医科大学附属肿瘤医院收治并行根治性调强放射治疗的鼻咽癌患者317例,使用最小绝对收缩和选择算子（LASSO）回归法进行单因素筛选后行Cox多因素回归分析,并构建Nomogram预后模型对局部晚期鼻咽癌患者预后进行评估。采用一致性指数（C-index）、校准曲线、净重分类改善指数（NRI）、综合判别改善指数（IDI）进行Nomogram与TNM分期系统之间模型的验证与评估。使用决策树算法对患者列线图风险进行分层,生存率采用Kaplan-Meier法计算,并采用Log-rank法检验。结果 T分期、N分期、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、转移性淋巴结体积（GTVnd）及初治血浆EBV-DNA拷贝量（EBV-DNA）与总生存（OS）相关,将各因素纳入Nomogram预后模型,C-index为0.784（95%CI：0.736~0.831,P<0.01）。校准曲线显示,由Nomogram模型预测的OS概率与实际观察到的OS有较好的一致性,结果在验证队列中获得了验证;且在使用净重分类改善指数及综合判别改善指数对OS的准确性进行评估时Nomogram模型结果均优于美国癌症联合委员会（AJCC）第8版分期系统所建模型。使用决策树算法根据Nomogram得分可将患者分为4个不同危险程度的亚组,组间生存率差异有统计学意义（χ²=113.21,P<0.01）,高风险队列内的患者能从诱导化疗联合同步放化疗中获得总生存获益。结论 本课题组建立的Nomogram模型可为本地区局部晚期鼻咽癌患者临床诊疗及预后评估提供参考意见。     

模拟调强技术照射鼻咽低分化鳞癌细胞的生物效应机制研究

Objective To study the altered radiobiological effect of simulative intensity-modulated radiotherapy (SIMR) in cultured human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells and the related mechanism. Methods Single cell suspension of exponentially growing CNE-2 cells, a poor differentiated NPC cell line, was seeded and cultured for 12 hours, then the cells were irradiated in two different models by 6 MV X-ray beams at 3 Gy/min. In single fraction irradiation (SFR) model, cells were irradiated a single fraction of 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8 Gy within 0 to 3 minutes. In S1MR model, cells were irradiated 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8 Gy in 5 frac-tions with interval of 8.0-8.5 minutes between. Clonogenic assay was performed to determine the radiosen-sitivity. Cellular apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. RT-PCR was used to detect mRNA expressions of Bax and Bcl-2, Respectively. Results Compared with SFR group, the survival fraction in SIMR group was higher at all the dose levels. The values of α, β, D0 and Dq were higher in SIMR group than in SFR group. At dose levels of 2 Gy, 4 Gy and 6 Gy, The early and late apoptotic cells in SIMR group were lower than in SFR group (21.20%: 15.89%, F=18.51, P=0.020;13.00%: 10.20, F=15.67, P=0.040).The mRNA expression of Bax was upregulated in a dose-dependent manner in the both groups. Compared with SFR group, the mRNA expression of Bax in SIMR group was lower at all the dose levels (Mean value of 76.75% : 62.50%, F =36.57, P =0.000). Bcl-2 mRNA expression at every dose level had no significant difference between the two groups (Mean value of 29.25% : 29.75%, F=0.74, P=0.800). Conclusions Prolonged delivery time in SIMR model can decrease the radiobiological effects.     

西妥昔单抗联合放化疗治疗中晚期恶性肿瘤

背景与目的：西妥昔单抗是一种特异性阻断EGFR的单克隆抗体.本研究观察西妥昔单抗联合放化疗治疗晚期头颈部和结直肠癌的有效性和安全性.方法：全组6例患者,均经病理证实,西妥昔单抗联合伊立替康、卡培他滨方案治疗晚期结直肠癌;联合多西他赛、放疗治疗晚期头颈鳞癌.西妥昔单抗首剂400 mg/m2,然后250 mg/m2每周1次维持.结果：6例患者治疗后取得PR 2例,SD 3例,PD 1例,中位TTP 18.5周.其中3例晚期头颈鳞癌患者,PR 1例,SD 2例;3例晚期中分化结直肠癌患者,PR 1例,SD 1例,PD 1例.主要的毒性反应是痤疮样皮疹和腹泻.结论：西妥昔单抗联合多西他赛＋放疗治疗晚期头颈鳞癌,西妥昔单抗联合伊立替康、卡培他滨治疗晚期结直肠癌患者有效.除皮疹之外,毒副反应较单用化疗、放疗无明显增加.     

57例鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤临床分析

目的:探讨鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的临床表现、放疗和化疗的近期疗效以及不同的治疗方法对生存率的影响。方法:收集我院1994年2月～2002年12月收治的57例经病理形态学诊断为鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤患者的临床资料,主要表现为鼻塞、涕血、恶臭。采用单纯放疗或放疗后化疗35例,化疗后放疗22例,观察及治疗效果。结果:近期疗效:35例经单纯放疗或放疗后化疗,放疗后完全缓解(CR)率为74%,其余22例为化疗后放疗,化疗后CR率仅23%,单纯放疗或放疗后化疗的CR率明显高于化疗后放疗的CR率(P<0.01),全组患者中先放疗组、化疗后放疗组患者的5年生存率分别为60%和55%(P>0.05)。结论:鼻腔NK/T细胞淋巴瘤的临床表现不典型,单纯放疗或放疗后化疗的近期疗效显著优于常规化疗,化疗加入放疗并未改善生存率。     

模拟调强技术照射鼻咽低分化鳞癌细胞的生物效应机制研究

Objective To study the altered radiobiological effect of simulative intensity-modulated radiotherapy (SIMR) in cultured human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells and the related mechanism. Methods Single cell suspension of exponentially growing CNE-2 cells, a poor differentiated NPC cell line, was seeded and cultured for 12 hours, then the cells were irradiated in two different models by 6 MV X-ray beams at 3 Gy/min. In single fraction irradiation (SFR) model, cells were irradiated a single fraction of 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8 Gy within 0 to 3 minutes. In S1MR model, cells were irradiated 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8 Gy in 5 frac-tions with interval of 8.0-8.5 minutes between. Clonogenic assay was performed to determine the radiosen-sitivity. Cellular apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. RT-PCR was used to detect mRNA expressions of Bax and Bcl-2, Respectively. Results Compared with SFR group, the survival fraction in SIMR group was higher at all the dose levels. The values of α, β, D0 and Dq were higher in SIMR group than in SFR group. At dose levels of 2 Gy, 4 Gy and 6 Gy, The early and late apoptotic cells in SIMR group were lower than in SFR group (21.20%: 15.89%, F=18.51, P=0.020;13.00%: 10.20, F=15.67, P=0.040).The mRNA expression of Bax was upregulated in a dose-dependent manner in the both groups. Compared with SFR group, the mRNA expression of Bax in SIMR group was lower at all the dose levels (Mean value of 76.75% : 62.50%, F =36.57, P =0.000). Bcl-2 mRNA expression at every dose level had no significant difference between the two groups (Mean value of 29.25% : 29.75%, F=0.74, P=0.800). Conclusions Prolonged delivery time in SIMR model can decrease the radiobiological effects.     

X线立体定向放射治疗脑转移瘤48例疗效观察

目的：评价X线立体定向放射治疗脑转移瘤的临床疗效。方法：对22例脑转移瘤患者采用单纯立体定向放射治疗（SRT），26例脑转移瘤患者行立体定向放射治疗加全脑放射治疗（WBRT）。立体定向放射治疗采用6MV-X线处方量，5～80y／次．每周3次．共3～5次，总计量20～32Gy。全脑照射30～40Gy／3～4周。结果：单纯SRT局部控制率为89．4％．SRT＋WBRT局部控制率为92．3％。2组近期局控率差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），脑水肿减轻或消失分别为95．5％和92．3％。姑论：立体定向放射治疗对脑转移瘤是安全、有效、痛苦小、疗效明显的治疗方法，可使患者的生存质量有明显改善。     

非小细胞肺癌组织中Snail、E-cadherin及N-cadherin的表达及临床意义

目的探讨指转录因子Snail、上皮细胞钙粘蛋白(E-cadherin)及神经钙黏素(N-cadherin)在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达及其之间的相关性。方法采用免疫组化法检测63例非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)手术切除标本及30例癌旁组织中Snail、E-cadherin、N-cadherin蛋白的表达,并分析相互间关系及其临床意义。结果与癌旁组织比较,NSCLC组织中E-cadherin表达显著减少,N-cadherin和Snail表达明显增加(P<0.01)。NSCLC组织中,Snail的表达与N-cadherin呈明显的正相关(P<0.05,r=0.33),与E-cadherin呈显著负相关(P<0.05,r=-0.41),N-cadherinl的表达与E-cadheri也呈明显负相关(P<0.05,r=-0.56)。Snail表达阳性率与TNM分期和有无转移相关(P<0.05);E-cadherin表达阳性率与TNM分期和有无转移相关(P<0.05);N-cadherin表达阳性率与组织学分型、TNM分期和有无转移相关(P<0.05)。结论 NSCLC癌组织中Snail、E-cadherin和N-cadherin表达水平与肿瘤的浸润转移密切相关,可作为临床诊断和治疗靶点的参考指标。