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1.
Brad Wright PhD Canada Parrish PhD MSPH Anirban Basu PhD MS Karen E. Joynt Maddox MD MPH Joshua M. Liao MD. MSc Amber K. Sabbatini MD MPH 《Health services research》2023,58(3):554-559
Objective
To evaluate whether Medicare's Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP) is associated with increased observation stay use.Data Sources and Study Setting
A nationally representative sample of fee-for-service Medicare claims, January 2009–September 2016.Study Design
Using a difference-in-difference (DID) design, we modeled changes in observation stays as a proportion of total hospitalizations, separately comparing the initial (acute myocardial infarction, pneumonia, heart failure) and subsequent (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) target conditions with a control group of nontarget conditions. Each model used 3 time periods: baseline (15 months before program announcement), an intervening period between announcement and implementation, and a 2-year post-implementation period, with specific dates defined by HRRP policies.Data Collection/Extraction Methods
We derived a 20% random sample of all hospitalizations for beneficiaries continuously enrolled for 12 months before hospitalization (N = 7,162,189).Principal Findings
Observation stays increased similarly for the initial HRRP target and nontarget conditions in the intervening period (0.01% points per month [95% CI −0.01, 0.3]). Post-implementation, observation stays increased significantly more for target versus nontarget conditions, but the difference is quite small (0.02% points per month [95% CI 0.002, 0.04]). Results for the COPD analysis were statistically insignificant in both policy periods.Conclusions
The increase in observation stays is likely due to other factors, including audit activity and clinical advances. 相似文献2.
Srdan Verstovsek MD PhD Jean-Jacques Kiladjian MD PhD Alessandro M. Vannucchi MD Ruben A. Mesa MD FACP Peg Squier MD PhD J. E. Hamer-Maansson MSPH Claire Harrison MD 《Cancer》2023,129(11):1681-1690
Background
In a pooled analysis of the phase 3 Controlled Myelofibrosis Study With Oral JAK Inhibitor Treatment I (COMFORT-I) and COMFORT-II clinical trials, adult patients with intermediate-2 or high-risk myelofibrosis who received oral ruxolitinib at randomization or after crossover from placebo or best available therapy (BAT) had improved overall survival (OS).Methods
This post hoc analysis of pooled COMFORT data examined relevant disease outcomes based on the disease duration (≤12 or >12 months from diagnosis) before ruxolitinib initiation.Results
The analysis included 525 patients (ruxolitinib: ≤12 months, n = 84; >12 months, n = 216; placebo/BAT: ≤12 months, n = 66; >12 months, n = 159); the median age was 65.0–70.0 years. Fewer thrombocytopenia and anemia events were observed among patients who initiated ruxolitinib treatment earlier. At Weeks 24 and 48, the spleen volume response (SVR) was higher for patients who initiated ruxolitinib earlier (47.6% vs. 32.9% at Week 24, p = .0610; 44.0% vs. 26.9% at Week 48, p = .0149). In a multivariable analysis of factors associated with spleen volume reduction, a logistic regression model that controlled for confounding factors found that a significantly greater binary reduction was observed among patients with shorter versus longer disease duration (p = .022). At Week 240, OS was significantly improved among patients who initiated ruxolitinib earlier (63% [95% CI, 51%‒73%] vs. 57% [95% CI, 49%‒64%]; hazard ratio, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.01‒2.31; p = .0430). Regardless of disease duration, a longer OS was observed for patients who received ruxolitinib versus those who received placebo/BAT.Conclusions
These findings suggest that earlier ruxolitinib initiation for adult patients with intermediate-2 and high-risk myelofibrosis may improve clinical outcomes, including fewer cytopenia events, durable SVR, and prolonged OS.Plain Language Summary
- Patients with myelofibrosis, a bone marrow cancer, often do not live as long as the general population. These patients may also have an enlarged spleen and difficult symptoms such as fatigue.
- Two large clinical trials showed that patients treated with the drug ruxolitinib lived longer and had improved symptoms compared to those treated with placebo or other standard treatments.
- Here it was examined whether starting treatment with ruxolitinib earlier (i.e., within a year of diagnosis) provided benefits versus delaying treatment.
- Patients who received ruxolitinib within a year of diagnosis lived longer and experienced fewer disease symptoms than those whose treatment was delayed.
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Psychometric evaluation of the Persian version of the Type 2 Diabetes and Health Promotion Scale (T2DHPS): a diabetes‐specific measure of lifestyle 下载免费PDF全文
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Paul A. Dennis PhD MSA Karen M. Stechuchak MS Courtney H. Van Houtven PhD Kasey Decosimo MPH Cynthia J. Coffman MBA PhD Janet M. Grubber MSPH Jennifer H. Lindquist MS MStat Nina R. Sperber PhD S. Nicole Hastings MD MHS Megan Shepherd-Banigan PhD MPH Brystana G. Kaufman PhD Valerie A. Smith DrPH 《Health services research》2023,58(6):1233-1244
Objective
To evaluate short- and long-term measures of health care utilization—days in the emergency department (ED), inpatient (IP) care, and rehabilitation in a post-acute care (PAC) facility—to understand how home time (i.e., days alive and not in an acute or PAC setting) corresponds to quality of life (QoL).Data Sources
Survey data on community-residing veterans combined with multipayer administrative data on health care utilization.Study Design
VA or Medicare health care utilization, quantified as days of care received in the ED, IP, and PAC in the 6 and 18 months preceding survey completion, were used to predict seven QoL-related measures collected during the survey. Elastic net machine learning was used to construct models, with resulting regression coefficients used to develop a weighted utilization variable. This was then compared with an unweighted count of days with any utilization.Principal Findings
In the short term (6 months), PAC utilization emerged as the most salient predictor of decreased QoL, whereas no setting predominated in the long term (18 months). Results varied by outcome and time frame, with some protective effects observed. In the 6-month time frame, each weighted day of utilization was associated with a greater likelihood of activity of daily living deficits (0.5%, 95% CI: 0.1%–0.9%), as was the case with each unweighted day of utilization (0.6%, 95% CI: 0.3%–1.0%). The same was true in the 18-month time frame (for both weighted and unweighted, 0.1%, 95% CI: 0.0%–0.3%). Days of utilization were also significantly associated with greater rates of instrumental ADL deficits and fair/poor health, albeit not consistently across all models. Neither measure outperformed the other in direct comparisons.Conclusions
These results can provide guidance on how to measure home time using multipayer administrative data. While no setting predominated in the long term, all settings were significant predictors of QoL measures. 相似文献9.
Clinical and laboratory factors contributing to uninterpretable beryllium lymphocyte proliferation tests (BeLPT) 下载免费PDF全文
Derek E. Smith MS Ashley P. Golden PhD Arthur W. Stange PhD Elizabeth Barker MPH Margaret Mroz MSPH Anna E. Barón PhD Debashis Ghosh PhD Lisa Maier MD Donna Cragle PhD Lee S. Newman MD MA 《American journal of industrial medicine》2018,61(7):592-604
Background
The beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test (BeLPT), has become the principal clinical test for detecting beryllium sensitization and chronic beryllium disease. Uninterpretable BeLPT results can occur in a small but significant proportion of tests from poor lymphocyte growth (PG) or over proliferation of lymphocytes (OP). The clinical and laboratory causes of uninterpretable results are not known.Methods
BeLPT data from the US Department of Energy‐supported Former Worker Screening Program were analyzed for a 10‐year period. Drivers of uninterpretable BeLPTs were investigated using multivariable models and classification techniques.Results
Three participant attributes were significantly associated with PG, while OP showed no significant associations. Serum lot for the lymphocyte growth medium accounted for 21% of the variation in PG and 16% in OP.Conclusion
Serum lots influence the likelihood of having uninterpretable BeLPT. To better understand uninterpretable results and possibly reduce their occurrence, additional laboratory‐related factors should be addressed.10.
Impulse oscillometry measurement of distal airways obstruction in depleted uranium‐exposed Gulf War veterans 下载免费PDF全文
Stella E. Hines MD MSPH Ashley H. Barnes BS Clayton Brown PhD Patricia Gucer PhD Marc S. Oliver RN MBA MPH Joanna M. Gaitens PhD MPH/MSN Marian Condon MSN Melissa McDiarmid MD MPH 《American journal of industrial medicine》2018,61(4):308-316