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排序方式: 共有948条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Iris Cervenka Marie Al Rahmoun Yahya Mahamat-Saleh Agnès Fournier Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault Gianluca Severi Saverio Caini Domenico Palli Reza Ghiasvand Marit B. Veierod Edoardo Botteri Anne Tjønneland Anja Olsen Renée T. Fortner Rudolf Kaaks Matthias B. Schulze Salvatore Panico Antonia Trichopoulou Clio Dessinioti Katerina Niforou Sabina Sieri Rosario Tumino Carlotta Sacerdote Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita Torkjel M. Sandanger Sandra Colorado-Yohar Maria J. Sánchez Leire Gil Majuelo Leila Lujan-Barroso Eva Ardanaz Susana Merino Karolin Isaksson Salma Butt Ingrid Ljuslinder Malin Jansson Ruth C. Travis Kay-Tee Khaw Elisabete Weiderpass Laure Dossus Sabina Rinaldi Marina Kvaskoff 《International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer》2020,146(12):3267-3280
Evidence suggests an influence of sex hormones on cutaneous melanoma risk, but epidemiologic findings are conflicting. We examined the associations between use of oral contraceptives (OCs) and menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) and melanoma risk in women participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). EPIC is a prospective cohort study initiated in 1992 in 10 European countries. Information on exogenous hormone use at baseline was derived from country-specific self-administered questionnaires. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Over 1992–2015, 1,696 melanoma cases were identified among 334,483 women, whereof 770 cases among 134,758 postmenopausal women. There was a positive, borderline-significant association between OC use and melanoma risk (HR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.00–1.26), with no detected heterogeneity across countries (phomogeneity = 0.42). This risk increased linearly with duration of use (ptrend = 0.01). Among postmenopausal women, ever use of MHT was associated with a nonsignificant increase in melanoma risk overall (HR = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.97–1.43), which was heterogeneous across countries (phomogeneity = 0.05). Our findings do not support a strong and direct association between exogenous hormone use and melanoma risk. In order to better understand these relations, further research should be performed using prospectively collected data including detailed information on types of hormone, and on sun exposure, which may act as an important confounder or effect modifier on these relations. 相似文献
2.
Anne-Katrin Hickmann Sönke Langner Michael Kirsch Jörg Baldauf Cornelia Müller Alexander Khaw Henry W. S. Schroeder 《Neurosurgical review》2013,36(2):267-278
Delayed cerebral ischemia remains a severe potential complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) possibly leading to death and disability. We evaluated a semiquantitative and visual analysis of perfusion computed tomography (PCT) as a predictor of clinically relevant vasospasm (CRV) in patients with aneurysmal SAH. Thirty-eight patients with aneurysmal SAH were analyzed yielding 145 PCT scans. PCT, clinical examination, and transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) were performed on days 3, 7, 10, and 14 after hemorrhage. Cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume, and time to peak (TTP) were analyzed semiquantitatively using six regions of interest, and visually for signs of cerebral hypoperfusion. CRV was defined as secondary cerebral infarction (CI) seen on cranial computed tomography scans and/or delayed neurological deterioration (DND). CI occurred in 13 (34.2 %) and DND in 11 patients (28.9 %). With TCD as pretest, TTP had a sensitivity of 90 % and a specificity of 72 % (cutoff value, 0.963) as predictor for CI. TTP’s sensitivity as predictor for DND was 90 % with a specificity of 61.1 % (cutoff value, 0.983). Visual analysis of TTP showed a negative predictive value of 100 % with a positive predictive value of 52 %. TTP is a sensitive and specific perfusion parameter in predicting CI in patients with SAH. Its use in the clinical setting may optimize the early treatment of patients at risk for vasospasm before the onset of clinical deterioration, especially when applying TCD as pretest. Further investigation in a larger patient population is required. 相似文献
3.
Müller glia as an important source of cytokines and inflammatory factors present in the gliotic retina during proliferative vitreoretinopathy 下载免费PDF全文
K. Eastlake P. J. Banerjee A. Angbohang D. G. Charteris P. T. Khaw G. A. Limb 《Glia》2016,64(4):495-506
Retinal gliosis is characterized by biochemical and physiological changes that often lead to Müller glia proliferation and hypertrophy and is a feature of many neuro‐degenerative and inflammatory diseases such as proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). Although Müller glia are known to release inflammatory factors and cytokines, it is not clear whether cytokine production by these cells mirrors the pattern of factors present in the gliotic retina. Lysates from normal cadaveric retina and gliotic retinal specimens from patients undergoing retinectomy for treatment of PVR, the Müller cell line MIO‐M1 and four human Müller glial cell preparations isolated from normal retina were examined for their expression of cytokines and inflammatory factors using semi‐quantitative dot blot antibody arrays and quantitative arrays. Comparative analysis of the expression of inflammatory factors showed that in comparison with normal retina, gliotic retina exhibited greater than twofold increase in 24/102 factors examined by semiquantitative arrays, and a significant increase in 19 out of 27 factors assessed by quantitative methods (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001). It was observed that with the exception of some chemotactic factors, the majority of cytokines and inflammatory factors were produced by Müller glia in vitro and included G‐CSF, MCP‐1, PDGF‐bb, RANTES, VEGF, and TGFβ2. These results showed that a large number of inflammatory factors expressed by Müller glia in vitro are upregulated in the gliotic retina, suggesting that targeting the production of inflammatory factors by Müller glia may constitute a valid approach to prevent neural damage during retinal gliosis and this merits further investigations. GLIA 2016;64:495–506 相似文献
4.
Myrto Barrdahl Federico Canzian Sara Lindström Irene Shui Amanda Black Robert N. Hoover Regina G. Ziegler Julie E. Buring Stephen J. Chanock W. Ryan Diver Susan M. Gapstur Mia M. Gaudet Graham G. Giles Christopher Haiman Brian E. Henderson Susan Hankinson David J. Hunter Amit D. Joshi Peter Kraft I‐Min Lee Loic Le Marchand Roger L. Milne Melissa C. Southey Walter Willett Marc Gunter Salvatore Panico Malin Sund Elisabete Weiderpass María‐José Sánchez Kim Overvad Laure Dossus Petra H Peeters Kay‐Tee Khaw Dimitrios Trichopoulos Rudolf Kaaks Daniele Campa 《International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer》2015,137(12):2837-2845
The survival of breast cancer patients is largely influenced by tumor characteristics, such as TNM stage, tumor grade and hormone receptor status. However, there is growing evidence that inherited genetic variation might affect the disease prognosis and response to treatment. Several lines of evidence suggest that alleles influencing breast cancer risk might also be associated with breast cancer survival. We examined the associations between 35 breast cancer susceptibility loci and the disease over‐all survival (OS) in 10,255 breast cancer patients from the National Cancer Institute Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3) of which 1,379 died, including 754 of breast cancer. We also conducted a meta‐analysis of almost 35,000 patients and 5,000 deaths, combining results from BPC3 and the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) and performed in silico analyses of SNPs with significant associations. In BPC3, the C allele of LSP1‐rs3817198 was significantly associated with improved OS (HRper‐allele=0.70; 95% CI: 0.58–0.85; ptrend = 2.84 × 10?4; HRheterozygotes = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.55–0.92; HRhomozygotes = 0.48; 95% CI: 0.31–0.76; p2DF = 1.45 × 10?3). In silico, the C allele of LSP1‐rs3817198 was predicted to increase expression of the tumor suppressor cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 1C (CDKN1C). In the meta‐analysis, TNRC9‐rs3803662 was significantly associated with increased death hazard (HRMETA =1.09; 95% CI: 1.04–1.15; ptrend = 6.6 × 10?4; HRheterozygotes = 0.96 95% CI: 0.90–1.03; HRhomozygotes = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.09–1.35; p2DF=1.25 × 10?4). In conclusion, we show that there is little overlap between the breast cancer risk single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified so far and the SNPs associated with breast cancer prognosis, with the possible exceptions of LSP1‐rs3817198 and TNRC9‐rs3803662. 相似文献
5.
Surtees PG Wainwright NW Luben R Day NE Khaw KT 《International journal of cardiology》2005,100(1):155-161
BACKGROUND: Recent literature reviews have questioned hostility as a risk factor for heart disease. However, controversy persists due to the rarity of large-scale prospective cohort studies of initially healthy populations. METHODS: We prospectively investigated the association between hostility and cardiovascular (and all-cause) mortality among 20,550 men and women, 41-80 years of age, participating in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition in Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk), United Kingdom study. Participants were recruited by post from general practice age-sex registers and subsequently attended health checks that included the assessment of coronary disease risk factors. Hostility assessment was completed by postal questionnaire. RESULTS: During mean follow-up of 6 years, 1284 deaths were recorded including 481 from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Hostility was not associated with CVD mortality, after adjustment for age and prevalent disease, in either men (rate ratio for a 1 SD decrease in hostility score, representing increased hostility, 1.09; 95% confidence interval 0.98-1.22) or in women (rate ratio 1.00; 95% confidence interval 0.86-1.26). Subgroup analysis suggested hostility may be associated with CVD mortality (independent of age, prevalent disease and cigarette smoking) for participants reporting very high hostility and for those aged less than 60 years. CONCLUSIONS: Hostility was not associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular mortality in this population study of older adults. 相似文献
6.
7.
Most children with glaucoma will require surgery in their lifetime, often in their childhood years. The surgical management of childhood glaucoma is however challenging, largely because of its greater potential for failure and complications as compared with surgery in adults. The available surgical repertoire for childhood glaucoma has remained relatively unchanged for many years with most progress owing to modifications to existing surgery. Although the surgical approach to childhood glaucoma varies around the world, angle surgery remains the preferred initial surgery for primary congenital glaucoma and a major advance has been the concept of incising the whole of the angle (circumferential trabeculotomy). Simple modifications to the trabeculectomy technique have been shown to considerably minimise complications. Glaucoma drainage devices maintain a vital role for certain types of glaucoma including those refractory to other surgery. Cyclodestruction continues to have a role mainly for patients following failed drainage/filtering surgery. Although the prognosis for childhood glaucoma has improved significantly since the introduction of angle surgery, there is still considerable progress to be made to ensure a sighted lifetime for children with glaucoma all over the world. Collaborative approaches to researching and delivering this care are required, and this paper highlights the need for more high-quality prospective surgical trials in the management of the childhood glaucoma. 相似文献
8.
Khaw Tiffany H. Raynor William Y. Borja Austin J. Al-Zaghal Abdullah Jonnakuti Venkata S. Cheng Nina Houshmand Sina Werner Thomas J. Alavi Abass 《Annals of nuclear medicine》2020,34(8):559-564
Annals of Nuclear Medicine - The aim of this study was to quantify subchondral bone remodeling in the elbows, hands, knees, and feet using volumetric and metabolic parameters derived from... 相似文献
9.
Karim El Harchaoui Wim A van der Steeg Erik S G Stroes Jan Albert Kuivenhoven James D Otvos Nicholas J Wareham Barbara A Hutten John J P Kastelein Kay-Tee Khaw S Matthijs Boekholdt 《Journal of the American College of Cardiology》2007,49(5):547-553
OBJECTIVES: We assessed relations of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle number (LDL-P) and LDL particle size as measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and the risk of future coronary artery disease (CAD). BACKGROUND: Whereas LDL-C is an established risk factor for CAD, its discriminative power is limited. Measuring LDL-P and size may have stronger associations with CAD than LDL-C. METHODS: A nested case-control study was performed in the prospective EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition)-Norfolk study, which comprises 25,663 subjects. Cases (n = 1,003) were individuals who developed CAD during 6 year follow-up. Control subjects (n = 1,885) were matched for age, gender, and enrollment time. Odds ratios (ORs) for future CAD were calculated, and we also evaluated whether LDL-P could improve the Framingham risk score (FRS) to predict CAD. RESULTS: In univariate analyses, LDL-P (OR 2.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.58 to 2.59) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) (OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.69 to 2.69) were more closely associated with CAD than LDL-C (OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.37 to 2.18). The additional value of LDL-P was lost after adjustment for HDL-C and triglyceride levels. Whereas LDL size was inversely related to CAD (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.47 to 0.76), this relation was abolished upon adjustment for LDL-P. In a model adjusted for the FRS, LDL-P retained its association with CAD (p for trend 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: In this large study of individuals with moderately elevated LDL-C, LDL-P was related to CAD on top of FRS as well as after adjusting for LDL-C. The additional value of LDL-P was comparable to non-HDL-C, and it was abolished after adjusting for triglycerides and HDL-C. 相似文献
10.
Apolipoprotein E polymorphisms, dietary fat and fibre, and serum lipids: the EPIC Norfolk study. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kelvin Wu Richard Bowman Ailsa A Welch Robert N Luben Nick Wareham Kay-Tee Khaw Sheila A Bingham 《European heart journal》2007,28(23):2930-2936
AIMS: To investigate whether blood lipid response to dietary fat and fibre vary according to the apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene locus. METHODS AND RESULTS: Regression analysis of intake of dietary fat and lipid fractions according to APOE gene loci was assessed by Pyrosequencing and validated with restriction fragment length polymorphism in 22 915 participants of the Norfolk arm of the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer. There were significant (P < 0.001) differences in serum lipids according to genotype, highest total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and lowest high-density lipoprotein and triglycerides in epsilon4/epsilon4 individuals. There were positive associations between total and saturated fat and serum total and LDL cholesterol, and significant inverse associations (P < 0.001) between polyunsaturated fat and dietary fibre and lipid fractions overall. Associations were in the same direction for epsilon2, epsilon3, and epsilon4 expressing individuals with no significant interactions between diet and genotype group on blood lipids, except in the 3% individuals expressing epsilon2/epsilon4 (P < 0.05) in whom the associations were doubled. CONCLUSION: In this largest study to date, ApoE gene loci status does not confer exemption from population targets to reduce dietary saturated fat and increase dietary fibre in order to reduce blood lipids and risk of coronary heart disease. 相似文献