神经生长因子基因转染联合强化铁营养防治豚鼠爆震性聋的实验研究

Objective To study the protective effects of adenovirus-mediated human beta-nerve growth factor gene (hNGFβ) transfer combined with iron fortified nutrition on blast hearing damage in guinea pigs. Methods Deafness was induced by blast (172dB SPL) in 35 healthy guinea pigs. Seven days after noise exposure, 10 guinea pigs were inoculated with adenovirus-mediated hNGFβ (Ad-hNGFβ) into the perilymphatic space (the gene group), another 10 guinea pigs were given hNGFβ combined with iron fortified nutritional diet (the combination group), still another 10 guinea pigs were inoculated with artificial perilymphatic fluid (APF), and 5 guinea pigs served as control, given neither medicine nor noise exposure. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold shifts were monitored in the guinea pigs before blast exposure and after gene transfer. Changes in cochlear morphology were examined with immunohistochemical and HE staining. Results One week after successful inoculation of hNGFβ, it was noted that Ad-hNGFβ protein was expressed in each turn of the cochlea, and its intensity was almost equal. After gene transfer in the combination group and the gene group, ABR threshold shifts at week 1 and 4 were significantly smaller than those of the APF group. HE staining showed that the number of the spiral ganglion cells in the combination group and the Ad-hNGFβ group was significantly higher than that of the control group after 4 weeks (P<0.01). Conclusions Ad-hNGFβ combined with iron fortified nutritional diet was effective in the prevention and treatment of blast hearing damage of cochlear hair cells.     

人巨细胞病毒感染与上颌窦鳞癌

人类巨细胞病毒 (Ｈｕｍａｎｃｙｔｏｍｅｇａｌｏｖｉｒｕｓ ,ＨＣＭＶ )与人类肿瘤的关系已成为肿瘤病毒学中一个重要的研究领域。大量的分子生物学和流行病学研究结果表明 ,ＨＣＭＶ与生殖道肿瘤及口腔肿瘤关系密切[1,2 ] 。有关人乳头状瘤病毒 (Ｈｕｍａｎｐａｐｉｌｌｏｍ     

一种获取和处理人前庭导水管外科标本作为内淋巴管和内淋巴囊组织病理学研究的方法

内淋巴囊在梅尼埃病的病理生理学上可能起到很重要的作用,该文介绍一种获取和处理新鲜的人内淋巴管标本和有可能在手术中获取更具活性的内淋巴囊骨内部分的方法。具体方法是:在经迷路进路到达内听道的手术中,先在后颅窝靠近前庭导水管的外孔处将其辨认出来。用小金钢钻将前庭导水管轮廓化,直至其前庭处,并沿它的周围留下一层薄的骨壁。为了避免手术损伤脑膜和增加通入后颅窝的入口,     

Adenovirus-mediated human β-nerve growth factor gene transfer has a protective effect on cochlear spiral ganglion after blast exposure

Objective：To study whether adenovirus-mediated human β-nerve growth factor （Ad-hNGFβ） gene has any protective effect on blast hearing impairment. Methods：Deafness was induced by blast exposure （172.0 dB） in 30 healthy guinea pigs. On day 7 of blast exposure, Ad-hNGFβ was infused into the perilymphatic space of 20 animals as the study group （hNGFβ group）, and artificial perilymph fluid （APF） was infused into the perilymphatic space of the other 10 animals as the control group. At weeks 1, 4 and 8 after blast exposure, the animals were sacrificed and the cochleae were removed for immunohistochemical and HE stainings. Results： Expression of Ad-hNGFβ protein was detected in each turn of the cochlea at the 1st week, with almost equal intensity in all turns. At the 4th week, the reactive intensity of the expression of Ad-hNGFβ protein decreased. At the 8th week, no expression was detectable. The results of HE staining showed that the amount of spiral ganglions in hNGFβ group was significantly greater than that of the control group at week 4 （P〈0.01）. Conclusion： Ad-hNGFβ can be expressed at a high level and for a relatively long period in the blast impaired cochlea, suggesting that Ad-hNGFβ has a protective effect on cochlear spiral ganglion cells after blast exposure and the efficient gene transfer into cochlea had been achieved without toxicity.     

咽丛神经切断术在发音重建中的作用

目的　为解除咽缩肌的痉挛 ,提高喉全切除术后用发音管发音重建的成功率。方法　在一侧舌骨大角后内侧咽缩肌的后表面 6 5mm左右 ,可找到咽丛神经支配咽下缩肌的主支或分支 ,将其切断。结果　 16例中 15例咽丛神经切断术后发音重建成功 ,成功率为 93 8%。结论　咽丛神经切断术取代咽缩肌切断术是可行的。咽丛神经切断术能提高Blom Singer发音管发音重建的成功率 ,值得推广应用。     

微矩阵基因芯片筛选喉鳞癌相关基因的研究

目的：应用基因微矩阵方法筛选喉鳞癌相关基因。方法：按一步法抽提喉鳞癌和对照喉正常组织的总ＤＮＡ并纯化ｍＲＮＡ;将４０９６种人类基因ＰＣＲ产物用ＣａｒｔｅｓｉａｎＰｉｘｓｙｓ７５００点样仪按微矩阵排列点样于化学涂层的载玻片上,制成基因芯片;将等量的对照组织和喉鳞癌组织ｍＲＮＡ分别逆转录合成荧光分子掺入的ｃＮＤＡ－链做探针,混合后杂交上述基因芯片,经严格洗片后用ＳｃａｎＡｒｒａｙ３０００扫描仪扫描芯片     

喉癌中人乳头状瘤病毒感染的检测及其临床分析

目的：探讨喉鳞状细胞癌中人乳头状瘤病毒（ＨＰＶ１６,１８亚型）感染情况及临床分析。方法：用免疫组化的方法对４２例喉鳞癌组织中ＨＰＶ１６,１８亚型情况进行检测。结果：４２例喉鳞癌组织中ＨＰＶ１６,１８亚型感染阳性率６４．２９％（２７／４２）,但ＨＰＶ１６,１８感染与临床分期、癌细胞的分化程度、肿瘤的淋巴结转移和临床分型无关。结论：ＨＰＶ１６,１８感染可能是人喉癌形成的触发因素,它对肿瘤生物学行为的影     

以慢性蝶窦炎为首发表现的鼻咽癌3例报告

鼻咽癌由于鼻咽癌部位隐蔽,症状比较复杂,如单侧头痛或复视、上颈部肿块,后吸性涕中带血,一侧分泌性中耳炎等,常可作为早期症状或首发症状单独出现,因此容易漏诊、误诊。此外,慢性上颌窦炎及慢性蝶窦炎亦可能是鼻咽癌患者的首发症状或表现。现将我科近年来收治的3例以慢性蝶窦炎为首发表现的鼻咽癌报告如下。     

鼻源性头痛临床分析

目的 探讨鼻源性头痛诊断及鼻内镜手术治疗的疗效。方法 分析63例以头痛为主诉的病人的鼻内镜和鼻窦CT扫描等资料及其鼻内镜下手术治疗的方法。结果 鼻内镜及CT扫描检查发现钩突、筛泡变异和窦口鼻道复合体区域的病变最为明显。鼻内镜术后随访6个月～5年，46例头痛完全消失，15例术后头痛明显减轻，2例无效。结论 窦口鼻道复合体解剖变异和病变是引起头痛的主要原因，鼻内镜结合鼻窦CT扫描，可较准确地发现引起鼻源性头痛病灶的确切部位，及时行鼻内镜手术治疗可获良好效果。     

三种术式鼻内筛窦手术后内窥镜和CT评价

为客观评价慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉内窥镜筛窦手术与常规鼻内筛窦手术和显微鼻内筛窦手术的疗效与并发症，对Ⅱ期慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉１３０例患者分为三组，行三种术式手术，术后运用内窥镜和ＣＴ随访，以患者主观症状减轻率、临床治愈率和并发症发生率为指标进行评价。结果：①内窥镜手术组主观症状减轻率（９４．０％）、临床治愈率（８６．０％）和ＣＴ扫描正常率（８２．０％）均明显高于常规手术组、显微手术组，Ｐ值均＜０．０１；②并发症发生率：内窥镜手术组（１２．０％）稍高于常规手术组和显微手术组，但无统计学意义，Ｐ＞０．０５。结论：鼻内窥镜筛窦手术疗效明显优于常规鼻内筛窦手术和显微筛窦手术，但其并发症发生率稍高于后两者，熟知筛窦解剖和熟练手术操作技术是提高内窥镜手术疗效及降低并发症的关键。