肝硬化病理学亚分类的研究进展

打破肝硬化作为慢性肝病的最终阶段的单一病理框架,重构肝硬化多个阶段、多种方式动态演变的病理学亚分类概念,具有重要的理论和实践意义。初步研究提示,肝脏组织学参数纤维隔厚度、结节大小和基于纤维隔厚度、结节大小的La?nnec亚分期系统、Kumar亚分类系统以及基于数字图像分析的胶原面积比对肝硬化门脉高压和临床分期有一定的预测作用。在同病因和大样本基础上,以疾病发展和回归为参照,探索和验证肝硬化病理学亚分类及其相关组织学参数的有效性,应当是今后肝硬化病理学亚分类研究的主流方向。     

Oxymatrine Lightened the Inflammatory Response of LPS-Induced Mastitis in Mice Through Affecting NF-κB and MAPKs Signaling Pathways

Mastitis, an inflammatory reaction of the mammary gland, is recognized as one of the most costly diseases in dairy cattle. Oxymatrine, one of the alkaloids extracted from Chinese herb Sophora flavescens Ait, has been reported to have many biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-virus, and anti-hepatic fibrosis properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect and the anti-inflammatory mechanism of oxymatrine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mastitis in mice. The mouse mastitis was induced by 10 μg of LPS for 24 h. Oxymatrine was intraperitoneally administered with the dose of 30, 60, and 120 mg/kg 1 h before and 12 h after LPS induction. The results showed that oxymatrine significantly attenuated the damage of the mammary gland induced by LPS. Oxymatrine inhibited the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and IκB in NF-κB signal pathway and reduced the phosphorylation of p38, ERK, and JNK in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) signal pathway. The results showed that oxymatrine had a protective effect on LPS-induced mastitis, and the anti-inflammatory mechanism of oxymatrine was related to the inhibition of NF-κB and MAPKs signal pathways.     

中西医结合治疗脑卒中后焦虑障碍45例临床研究

目的：观察中西医结合治疗脑卒中后焦虑障碍（PSAD）的临床疗效。方法；对45例PSAD病人于治疗前后进行SAS测评，并对所获资料进行统计学分析。结果：焦虑症状消失率为88．89％；SAS标准分均数值经治疗后明显下降，有统计学意义（P＜0．001）；各项目所引起的症状得分均数值亦明显下降。结论：中西医结合治疗PSAD可取得较好疗效。     

血清胆碱酯酶活性对慢性乙型肝炎肝组织病理分级分期的预测价值

目的探讨血清胆碱酯酶活性对慢性乙型肝炎肝组织病理学分级和分期的预测价值。方法 419例慢性乙型肝炎患者行肝穿活检;采用Roche全自动生化分析仪检测血清胆碱酯酶活性。结果血清胆碱酯酶活性在G1与G2、G2与G3、G3与G4之间均有显著性差异（P=0.000、0.000、0.014）,在S0与S1、S1与S2之间无显著性差异（P=0.309、0.370）,在S2与S3、S3与S4之间有显著性差异（P=0.000、0.000）;基于血清胆碱酯酶活性的判别函数预测G1、G2、G3、G4的正确率分别为55.65%、28.25%、27.83%、66.67%,预测S0、S1、S2、S3、S4的正确率分别为43.33%、6.49%、19.01%、31.11%、71.29%;血清胆碱酯酶活性预测G4和S4的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.868和0.831（P=0.000和0.000）,以血清胆碱酯酶活性≤5.235×103u/L和≤5.535×103u/L为标准,其预测G4和S4的灵敏度、特异度、准确度分别为1.000和0.822、0.678和0.758、0.687和0.771。结论血清胆碱酯酶活性对预测慢性乙型肝炎肝组织G4和S4有一定的参考价值。     

中西医结合治疗梅尼埃病98例临床观察

目的观察中西医结合治疗梅尼埃病的临床疗效。方法将98例患者随机分为2组,治疗组65例,采用中西医结合治疗,对照组33例以西药治疗。结果显效率、总有效率对照组分别为36.4%、84.8%,治疗组分别为81.5%、96.9%,2组比较,差异有非常显著性意义(P0.01)。结论中西医结合治疗梅尼埃病优于西药治疗。     

Melatonin protects kidney grafts from ischemia/reperfusion injury through inhibition of NF-kB and apoptosis after experimental kidney transplantation

Abstract:  Free radicals are involved in pathophysiology of ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Melatonin is a potent scavenger of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Thus, this study was designed to elucidate its effects in a model of rat kidney transplantation. Twenty Lewis rats were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 10 animals each). Melatonin (50 mg/kg BW) dissolved in 5 mL milk was given to one group via gavage 2 hr before left donor nephrectomy. Controls were given the same volume of milk only. Kidney grafts were then transplanted into bilaterally nephrectomized syngeneic recipients after 24 hr of cold storage in Histidine–Tryptophan–Ketoglutarate solution. Both graft function and injury were assessed after transplantation through serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, transaminases, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Biopsies were taken to evaluate tubular damage, the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lipid hydroperoxide (LPO), and the expression of NF-kBp65, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), caspase-3 as indices of oxidative stress, necrosis, and apoptosis, respectively. Melatonin improved survival ( P  < 0.01) while decreasing BUN, creatinine, transaminases, and LDH values up to 39–71% ( P  < 0.05). Melatonin significantly reduced the histological index for tubular damage, induced tissue enzymatic activity of SOD while reducing LPO. At the same time, melatonin down-regulated the expression of NF-kBp65, iNOS, and caspase-3. In conclusion, donor preconditioning with melatonin protected kidney donor grafts from IRI-induced renal dysfunction and tubular injury most likely through its anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic and NF-kB inhibitory capacity.     

小儿毒鼠强中毒79例回顾分析

近年来 ,由于邱氏鼠药禁止生产 ,其所含的氟乙酰胺类中毒病例有所减少 ,而另一种毒性更强的灭鼠药—毒鼠强中毒病例有所增加。因其毒性大 ,治疗难度大 ,死亡率高 ,应引起高度重视。现将我科 1996年 1月～2 0 0 0年 9月收住的 79例小儿毒鼠强中毒报道如下。1　临床资料1.1　一般资料 :79例均系住院患儿 ,其中男 34例 ,女4 5例 ;年龄 3个月～ 12岁 ,其中 <1岁 5例 ,1～ 3岁 16例 ,4～ 6岁 4 1例 ,7岁以上 17例。有明确误服史 17例 ;无明确毒物接触史 ,因高度怀疑而经家长回家仔细检查及仔细询问患儿证实 36例 ,呕吐物及胃液送检分析证实 2 6例…     

脑卒中后焦虑抑郁共病的临床初步研究

目的 了解脑卒中后焦虑抑郁共病（PSCAD）的发生率、相关因素及症状特点，寻找防治措施。方法 采用SAS、SDS量表对115例脑卒中病人进行测评，收集年龄、病程、性别、卒中次数、肌力等资料，对所获资料统计分析。结果 PSCAD的发生率为27．83％，病程、卒中次数、偏瘫程度等与PSCAD的发生相关。常见焦虑症状有不幸预感、睡眠障碍、乏力、焦虑等，抑郁症有能力减退、忧郁、易激惹、食欲减退等。结论 宜注重防治脑卒中，加强心理、家庭、社会支持，适当选用抗焦虑、抑郁药物治疗。     

小剂量美托洛尔治疗扩张型心肌病心力衰竭疗效评价

目的　评价小剂量美托洛尔治疗扩张型心肌病心力衰竭的临床疗效和安全性。方法　将扩张型心肌病心力衰竭 40例 ,随机分治疗组和对照组 ,全部病例按常规疗法 ,治疗组加用美托洛尔 ;超声心动图测定治疗前、后左室射血分数 (LVEF)和左室舒张末内径 (LVDd) ,取治疗 4周的临床资料进行评价。结果　临床总有效率治疗组 81 8% ,明显高于对照组的 55 6 % (χ2 =4 71 ,P <0 0 5) ;心功能、LVEF、LVDd治疗前、后比较 ,治疗组优于对照组 ,差异具有显著或非常显著意义 (P <0 0 5或P <0 0 1 )。结论　小剂量美托洛尔能明显改善扩张型心肌病心力衰竭病人的心脏功能 ,安全有效