Epidemiologic trends in pediatric ocular injury in the USA from 2010 to 2019

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology - Epidemiologic studies related to the demographics and trends of ocular injury in the pediatric cohort in the last decade are...     

Retinal detachment in AIDS: long term results after repair with silicone oil

AIMS—To study the long term results of vitrectomy and silicone oil injection in AIDS patients with retinal detachment due to viral retinitis.
METHODS—A consecutive series of 83 eyes in 75 AIDS patients who were treated with vitrectomy and silicone oil for retinal detachment due to viral retinitis was studied prospectively and followed until the last patient in the series had died.
RESULTS—Median postoperative survival was 6 months, but 20% of patients survived 12 months or more. Whereas best corrected visual acuity was 20/100 or better in over half the patients 1-2 months after operation, there was a distressing decrease in acuity by 6 months, owing to a variety of factors. Patients operated on before macular detachment did not have significantly better postoperative vision than those operated within a week after macular detachment. Almost all patients who had already lost vision in the fellow eye and many who had cytomegalovirus retinitis in the fellow eye with retention of good vision had their quality of life improved by the surgery in that the operated eye eventually became the better seeing eye. In no patient whose fellow eye was normal and free of retinitis, however, did the operated eye ever become the better eye.
CONCLUSIONS—Although the majority of patients recovered macular vision in the first 1-2 months after operation, there was a gradual decline in acuity thereafter, sometimes without obvious cause. The results of this series suggest that it may be reasonable to postpone surgery until the macula detaches and that patients whose fellow eye is free of retinitis with normal vision are unlikely to have their quality of life improved significantly by the surgery.

     

Distribution of muscarinic cholinergic high and low affinity agonist binding sites: A light microscopic autoradiographic study

The distribution of high vs. low affinity muscarinic agonist binding sites has been determined using quantitative techniques of receptor autoradiography. The low affinity agonist sites predominate in many regions of the forebrain including the cerebral cortex, striatum, hippocampus, amygdala and thalamus. The high affinity agonist sites predominate in the brainstem and represent exclusively the type of muscarinic cholinergic receptor normally present in the principal nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, facial nerve nucleus, hypoglossal nerve nucleus, and in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. The regional localization of these subpopulations provides valuable information for future studies which seek to determine the functional importance of subtypes of muscarinic agonist binding sites.     

Ab externo technique for accurate haptic placement of transscleral sutured posterior chamber intraocular lenses.

A modified technique is presented for transscleral suture fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lenses for aphakic correction in cases with inadequate capsular support. An ab externo approach for suture externalization is described that minimizes intraocular manipulation and facilitates accurate placement of haptics in the ciliary sulcus, thereby reducing the risk of lens tilt and decentration. This technique eliminates intraocular suture knots and reduces the amount of time the globe is open during surgery by creating two intraocular suture loops in preparation for posterior chamber intraocular lens placement before creating a limbal incision.