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Although patients with localized and regional kidney tumors have a high survival rate, incidence of mortality significantly increases for patients with metastatic disease. It is imperative to decipher the molecular mechanisms of kidney tumor migration and invasion in order to develop effective therapies for patients with advanced cancer. Rap1, a small GTPase protein, has been implicated in cancer cell growth and invasion. Here, we profile migratory and invasive properties of commonly used renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines and correlate that with expression and function of the Rap inactivator Rap1GAP. We report that levels of Rap1GAP inversely correlate with invasion but not migration. We also report that forced over-expression of Rap1GAP decreases invasion of RCC cells but does not impact their rate of proliferation. Low expression levels of Rap1GAP in RCC cells are due, at least in part, to promoter hypermethylation. Rescued expression of Rap1GAP with a demethylating drug, decitabine (5-azadC), decreases the RCC SN12C cell invasion of collagen, fibronectin, and Matrigel matrices. RCC cell lines express distinct levels of cell adhesion proteins and the forced over-expression of Rap1GAP attenuated levels of both cadherins and integrins that are known to regulate the cancer cells invasion. These results demonstrate that targeted restoration of Rap1GAP expression may serve as a potential therapeutic approach to reduce metastasis of kidney cancers. 相似文献
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Fabrication and characterization of six electrospun poly(alpha-hydroxy ester)-based fibrous scaffolds for tissue engineering applications 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The most common synthetic biodegradable polymers being investigated for tissue engineering applications are FDA approved, clinically used poly(alpha-hydroxy esters). To better assess the applicability of the electrospinning technology for scaffold fabrication, six commonly used poly(alpha-hydroxy esters) were used to prepare electrospun fibrous scaffolds, and their physical and biological properties were also characterized. Our results suggest that specific, optimized fabrication parameters are required for each polymer to produce scaffolds that consist of uniform structures morphologically similar to native extracellular matrix. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a highly porous, three-dimensional structure for all scaffolds, with average fiber diameter ranging from 300nm to 1.5microm, depending on the polymer type used. The poly(glycolic acid) (PGA) and poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid 50:50) (PLGA5050) fibrous structures were mechanically stiffest, whereas the poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds were most compliant. Upon incubation in physiological solution, severe structural destruction due to polymer degradation was found in the PGA, poly(d,l-lactic acid) (PDLLA), PLGA5050, and poly(d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid 85:15) (PLGA8515) fibrous scaffolds, whereas PLLA and PCL fibrous scaffolds maintained a robust scaffold structure during the same time period, based on macroscopic and SEM observations. In addition, PLLA scaffolds supported the highest rate of proliferation of seeded cells (chondrocytes and mesenchymal stem cells) than other polymeric scaffolds. Our findings showed that PLLA and PCL based fibrous scaffolds exhibited the most optimal structural integrity and supported desirable cellular response in culture, suggesting that such scaffolds may be promising candidate biomaterials for tissue engineering applications. 相似文献
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Nanobiomaterial applications in orthopedics. 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Elizabeth M Christenson Kristi S Anseth Jeroen J J P van den Beucken Casey K Chan Batur Ercan John A Jansen Cato T Laurencin Wan-Ju Li Ramalingam Murugan Lakshmi S Nair Seeram Ramakrishna Rocky S Tuan Thomas J Webster Antonios G Mikos 《Journal of orthopaedic research》2007,25(1):11-22
Advancements in nanobiotechnology are revolutionizing our capability to understand biological intricacies and resolve biological and medical problems by developing subtle biomimetic techniques. Nanocomposites and nanostructured materials are believed to play a pivotal role in orthopedic research since bone itself is a typical example of a nanocomposite. This article reviews current strategies using nanobiomaterials to improve current orthopedic materials and examines their applications in bone tissue engineering. Preliminary investigations support the potential of nanobiomaterials in orthopedic applications; however, significant advancements are necessary to achieve clinical use. Overall, current trends in nanobiotechnology foreshadow a bright future through the use of nanobiomaterials in the orthopedic domain. 相似文献
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Lobo Sylvia J. Lin Jessica G. Vais Simone Wang Dongyu Adegoke Tejumola M. Wu Wan-Ju Steer-Massaro Courtney 《Journal of immigrant and minority health / Center for Minority Public Health》2022,24(1):111-117
Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health - Although multiple studies have shown that resettled refugee women are less likely to receive preventative cancer screenings like pap smears and... 相似文献
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Kuo CH Ko YC Yang SN Chu YT Wang WL Huang SK Chen HN Wei WJ Jong YJ Hung CH 《Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)》2011,89(1):29-41
Chemokines play important roles in asthma. Prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) analogue is recently suggested as a candidate for treating asthma. However, the effects of PGI2 analogues on the expression of Th1- and Th2-related chemokines are unknown. To this end, we investigated the in vitro effects
of PGI2 analogues on the expression of Th1-related chemokine interferon-γ-inducible protein-10 (IP-10/CXCL10) and Th2-related chemokine
macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC/CCL22) in human monocytes. The human monocytes were pretreated with iloprost and treprostinil
before lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. IP-10 and MDC were measured by ELISA. Intracellular signaling was investigated
by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) assay, western blot and chromatin immunoprecipitation. PGI2 analogues enhanced MDC, but suppressed IP-10 expression in LPS-stimulated monocytes. These effects were reversed by the I
prostanoid (IP) receptor antagonist (CAY10449), peroxisomal proliferators-activated receptor (PPAR)-α antagonist (GW6741)
and PPAR-γ antagonist (GW9662). PGI2 analogues increased intracellular cAMP levels. Forskolin, an adenyl cyclase activator, conferred similar effects. PGI2 analogue-enhanced MDC expression was reduced by nuclear factor (NF) κB inhibitor (BAY 117085) and mitogen-activated protein
kinase (MAPK)-p38 inhibitor (SB203580). PGI2 analogues up-regulated phospho-p65 and phospho-p38 but down-regulated phospho-ERK expression. Iloprost enhanced H3 acetylation
in MDC promoter area and suppressed H3 acetylation, H3K4, and H3K36 trimethylation in IP-10 promoter area. PGI2 analogues enhanced MDC expression via the I prostanoid-receptor-cAMP, PPAR-α and PPAR-γ, NFκB-p65, MAPK-p38-ATF2 pathways
and increasing histone acetylation, and suppressed IP-10 expression via the IP-receptor-cAMP, PPAR-γ, MAPK-ERK-ELK1 pathways
and inhibiting histone acetylation and trimethylation in LPS-stimulated monocytes. PGI2 analogues may therefore increase Th2 recruitment and inflammation. 相似文献
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Rao YK Wu AT Geethangili M Huang MT Chao WJ Wu CH Deng WP Yeh CT Tzeng YM 《Chemical research in toxicology》2011,24(2):238-245
The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is considered to be an attractive target for the development of novel anticancer molecules. This paper reports for the first time that a small molecule, antrocin (MW = 234), from Antrodia camphorata was a potent antagonist in various cancer types, being highest in metastatic breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells (MMCs) with an IC(50) value of 0.6 μM. Antrocin was a superior antiproliferator in MMCs as compared with doxorubicin and cisplatin, prevents colony formation, and was nontoxic to nontumorgenic MCF10A and HS-68 cells. Antrocin induced dose-dependent apoptosis in MMCs and caused cleavage of caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Antrocin also caused a time-dependent decrease in protein expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, survivin, and their mRNA, with concomitant increase in pro-apoptotic Bax and cytosolic cytochrome c. In a mechanistic study, antrocin suppressed the phosphorylation of Akt and its downstream effectors mTOR, GSK-3β, and NF-κB. Furthermore, down-regulation of Akt by small interfering RNA prior to antrocin treatment resulted in enhanced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis. Thus, antrocin as an Akt/mTOR dual inhibitor has broad applicability in the development of a clinical trial candidate for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. 相似文献