Effects of the Neonicotinoid Insecticide Clothianidin on Southern Leopard Frog (Rana sphenocephala) Tadpole Behavior

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology - Neonicotinoid insecticides are highly water soluble with relatively long half-lives, which allows them to move into and persist in aquatic...     

Effects of Technical-Grade Active Ingredient vs. Commercial Formulation of Seven Pesticides in the Presence or Absence of UV Radiation on Survival of Green Frog Tadpoles

Commercial formulations of pesticides contain both active and other ingredients. In some instances, the other ingredients have detrimental effects on nontarget species. Other factors such as UV radiation and predator cues have been shown to modify the toxicity of pesticides. In a laboratory study we compared the effects of technical-grade active ingredients to commercial formulations of seven common pesticides in the presence or absence of UV radiation on the survival of Rana clamitans (green frog) tadpoles over 96 h. We found a significant difference in the survival of tadpoles in technical-grade active ingredients versus commercial formulations in all of the pesticides tested. We also found that either the presence or the absence of UV radiation affected the survival of tadpoles in five of the seven pesticides tested. These results suggest that there is a need to test the effects of both active ingredients and commercial formulations of pesticides and, also, to include relevant abiotic factors like UV radiation treatments in the testing of pesticides because they can have a dramatic impact on the toxicity of some chemicals.     

Effects of a fertilizer, an insecticide, and a pathogenic fungus on hatching and survival of bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tadpoles

We assessed the single and interactive effects of ammonium nitrate fertilizer, the insecticide carbaryl, and a widespread waterborne pathogen Saprolegnia ferax on the hatching and survival of bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tadpoles in the laboratory. Carbaryl significantly reduced tadpole survival and hatching rate, but no interactive effects were found among stressors.