Assessment of Knowledge,Readiness and Barriers,Female Secondary School Teachers and Staff Regarding Adolescent Mental Health in Riyadh,Saudi Arabia

School Mental Health - Mental health is a major component of overall health and is considered a contributor to the significant levels of disability in Saudi Arabia. Levels of mental health...     

Predicting the Risk of Disease Recurrence and Death Following Curative-intent Radiotherapy for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: The Development and Validation of Two Scoring Systems From a Large Multicentre UK Cohort

AimsThere is a paucity of evidence on which to produce recommendations on neither the clinical nor the imaging follow-up of lung cancer patients after curative-intent radiotherapy. In the 2019 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence lung cancer guidelines, further research into risk-stratification models to inform follow-up protocols was recommended.Materials and methodsA retrospective study of consecutive patients undergoing curative-intent radiotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer from 1 October 2014 to 1 October 2016 across nine UK trusts was carried out. Twenty-two demographic, clinical and treatment-related variables were collected and multivariable logistic regression was used to develop and validate two risk-stratification models to determine the risk of disease recurrence and death.ResultsIn total, 898 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 72 years, 63% (562/898) had a good performance status (0–1) and 43% (388/898), 15% (134/898) and 42% (376/898) were clinical stage I, II and III, respectively. Thirty-six per cent (322/898) suffered disease recurrence and 41% (369/898) died in the first 2 years after radiotherapy. The ASSENT score (age, performance status, smoking status, staging endobronchial ultrasound, N-stage, T-stage) was developed, which stratifies the risk for disease recurrence within 2 years, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for the total score of 0.712 (0.671–0.753) and 0.72 (0.65–0.789) in the derivation and validation sets, respectively. The STEPS score (sex, performance status, staging endobronchial ultrasound, T-stage, N-stage) was developed, which stratifies the risk of death within 2 years, with an AUROC for the total score of 0.625 (0.581–0.669) and 0.607 (0.53–0.684) in the derivation and validation sets, respectively.ConclusionsThese validated risk-stratification models could be used to inform follow-up protocols after curative-intent radiotherapy for lung cancer. The modest performance highlights the need for more advanced risk prediction tools.     

The validity of the Brain Injury Cognitive Screen (BICS) as a neuropsychological screening assessment for traumatic and non-traumatic brain injury

Objective: The Brain Injury Cognitive Screen (BICS) was developed as an in-service cognitive assessment battery for acquired brain injury patients entering community rehabilitation. The BICS focuses on domains that are particularly compromised following TBI, and provides a broader and more detailed assessment of executive function, attention and information processing than comparable screening assessments. The BICS also includes brief assessments of perception, naming, and construction, which were predicted to be more sensitive to impairments following non-traumatic brain injury. The studies reported here examine preliminary evidence for its validity in post-acute rehabilitation. Method: In Study 1, TBI patients completed the BICS and were compared with matched controls. Patients with focal lesions and matched controls were compared in Study 2. Study 3 examined demographic effects in a sample of normative data. Results: TBI and focal lesion patients obtained significantly lower composite memory, executive function and attention and information processing BICS scores than healthy controls. Injury severity effects were also obtained. Logistic regression analyses indicated that each group of BICS memory, executive function and attention measures reliably differentiated TBI and focal lesion participants from controls. Design Recall, Prospective Memory, Verbal Fluency, and Visual Search test scores showed significant independent regression effects. Other subtest measures showed evidence of sensitivity to brain injury. Conclusions: The study provides preliminary evidence of the BICS’ sensitivity to cognitive impairment caused by acquired brain injury, and its potential clinical utility as a cognitive screen. Further validation based on a revised version of the BICS and more normative data are required.     

携带LacZ的腺病毒载体在牵引骨痂局部转染成纤维细胞和成骨细胞的表达

目的:利用小鼠胫骨牵引成骨动物模型,在牵引成骨过程中局部给予携带了LacZ的腺病毒载体后观察其表达情况,以探讨基因治疗促进骨折愈合的可行性。方法:实验于2004-10/2006-01在中南大学湘雅三医院完成。①实验分组:取雄性8周龄CD-1小鼠20只,随机数字表法分为实验组和对照组,每组各10只。②实验方法:所有小鼠接受左胫骨中上段骨干横行截骨安置特制延长外固定架,胫骨牵引过程包括5d静止期,10d牵引期,牵引速率为0.1mm/次,2次/d,共0.2mm/d。牵引期第7天实验组牵引骨痂局部注射5μL携带了LacZ的腺病毒载体,对照组局部注入等量未含LacZ腺病毒液。③实验评估:注射后第3天麻醉后杀取动物,采集左胫骨标本,分别作组织学检查和组织化学分析。结果:纳入小鼠20只,均进入结果分析。在牵引第10天,牵引骨痂中纤维间区形成,两端的新生骨由骨折两端中心生长延伸。骨髓腔内外可见大量新生骨形成。X-Gal底物染色显示,在实验组新生骨组织内可见大量细胞呈阳性染色;而对照组未发现阳性染色细胞。结论:在牵引成骨过程中,骨痂局部注射携带LacZ的腺病毒,能成功转染局部的成纤维细胞及成骨细胞,并表达LacZ基因,为临床应用基因治疗促进骨牵引延长或骨折愈合提供可行性。     

热休克蛋白70对心脏移植大鼠供心心肌生化指标的影响

目的:观察应激情况下产生的热休克蛋白70对心脏移植大鼠供心心肌相关生化指标的影响。方法:实验于2006-04/09在青岛市市立医院中心实验室完成。①实验动物及分组:取成年SPF级雄性Wistar大鼠18只,按随机数字表法分为2组,每组9只。对照组腹腔注射生理盐水0.5mL,注射后24h取离体心脏,灌注HTK心脏保护液,并置于HTK液4℃保存3h后建立Langendorff离体心脏灌注模型,灌注K-H液2h。实验组腹腔注射重酒石酸去甲肾上腺素(溶于生理盐水中)3.1μmol/kg(0.53mg/kg),24h后取离体心脏,余处理步骤同对照组。②实验评估:应用全自动生化分析仪测定心肌肌酸激酶、乳酸脱氢酶含量;计算心肌肌酸激酶(乳酸脱氢酶)10min漏出率、心肌含水量;采用羟胺法测定超氧化物歧化酶活性,采用硫代巴比妥酸法测定丙二醛含量,采用双缩脲法测定组织蛋白含量;采用免疫组织化学法,以染色阳性面积占视野面积的百分比作为心肌组织热休克蛋白70的表达量。结果:18只大鼠全部进入结果分析,无脱失。①心肌组织热休克蛋白70含量:实验组高于对照组(t=17.96,P<0.01)。②相关生化指标:实验组大鼠心肌肌酸激酶、乳酸脱氢酶10min漏出率、心肌含水量及丙二醛含量显著均低于对照组(t=4.13～15.81,P<0.01),实验组大鼠心肌超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于对照组(t=10.89,P<0.01)。结论:热休克蛋白70的高表达能减少氧自由基对供心心肌的损害,是热休克蛋白70发挥其供心心肌保护作用的可能途径之一。