湖北省血吸虫疫区部分农村户厕粪便无害化处理效果调查

目的 了解湖北省部分县市血吸虫疫区农村户厕与粪便无害化处理现况.方法 于2007年9月选择血吸虫疫区的6个行政村(4个改厕村、2个非改厕村),每村随机抽查30座农村户厕,对调查对象的户厕建筑与粪便处理情况进行问卷调查,同时采集粪液样品进行实验室检验.结果 120座卫生户厕中,厕屋内无蛆、蛹、成蝇的有114座(95%),而60座非卫生户厕的厕屋内无蛆、蛹、成蝇的有20座(33.33%);卫生户厕粪液经三格式和沼气式的粪池无害化处理后,三格式第三池和沼气池出料口粪液中的蛔虫卵合格率分别为95.6%和98.6%,粪大肠菌值均合格,活蛔虫卵、血吸虫卵、活血吸虫卵均未检出;卫生户厕农户的血吸虫病患病率(8.45‰)比非卫生户厕农户(15.02‰)低43.7%.结论 血吸虫疫区农村的卫生户厕可比较有效地改善环境卫生,且对粪便无害化处理的效果显著,可降低血吸虫病患病率.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the current sanitary situation of the rural household latrine and the effects of decontamination of the feces in some epidemic areas of schistosome in Hubei province.Methods Six villages (4 villages with the sanitary latrines,2 villages with the non-sanitary latrines)were chosen for the investigation and 30 latrines were selected randomly in each village in September of 2007.The structure of the latrine and the situation of the faceal treatment were investigated by questionnaires.At the same time,the feces samples were collected and detected according to the related sanitary standards.Results The rate of the sanitary latrines witllout maggots.pupas and flies was 95%,while the rate of the non-sanitary latrines with the same situation was 33.33%.After non-hazardous treatment in the three-case-cesspool and the firedamp latrines,the qualified rates of the roundworm eggs were 95.6%and 98.6%respectively;the qualified rates of fecal coliform were both 100%:no schistosome eggs,the alive schistosome eggs and the alive roundworm eggs were detected.The morbidity rate of schistosomiasis of the villages with the sanitary latrines was 43.7%,lovwer than those with the non-sanitary latrines.Condusion The faecal treatment of the rural household latrine in epidemic areas of schistosome can improve the sanitation and kill the pathogens in faeces effectively.and also can decrease the morbidity rate of schistosomiasis obviously.     

湖北省农村饮用水改良与人群健康效应调查研究

调查了1986～1988年间湖北省八个具有代表性的县(市)开展农村饮用水改良与人群健康的关系。结果表明:以塘、渠沟、大口井、土井等各种分散式水源作饮用水的对照组,其人群肠道传染病发病率高达13.69％;而饮用农村自来水的调查组仅为5.63％。提示尽快实现农村饮用自来水、坚持常年消毒,以确保饮用水质符合卫生要求。