乌司他丁和常规方法治疗重症脓毒血症疗效对比观察

目的 探讨分析乌司他丁和常规方法在重症脓毒血症患者治疗过程中的不同临床疗效。方法 50例重症脓毒血症患者,将其随机分为观察组和对照组,各25例。其中对照组患者接受常规方法治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上联合采用乌司他丁进行治疗。对比分析两组患者的临床疗效,并实时监测观察两组患者细胞因子的具体变化情况。结果 对照组患者12例死亡,病死率为48.00%,康复率为16.00%(4/25);观察组患者5例死亡,病死率为20.00%,康复率为40.00%(10/25)。接受治疗后,两组患者的肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8)均呈现出明显的下降情况,而观察组下降的幅度明显大于对照组,比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者的白细胞介素-10(IL-10)在治疗后均出现了上升情况,而观察组上升的幅度明显大于对照组,比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 在重症脓毒血症的临床诊治研究中,常规治疗方法联合乌司他丁,疗效显著,安全高效,在显著降低患者病死率的同时,减轻了患者的痛苦,帮助患者早日康复,值得在临床上应用和推广。     

泉州地区儿童呼吸道感染肺炎链球菌对大环内酯类药物耐药相关基因分析

<正>肺炎链球菌(Streptococcus pneumoniae,SP)是引起儿童呼吸道感染特别是社区获得性呼吸道感染的重要致病菌。近年来SP对抗生素的耐药情况已日趋严重,其中大环内酯类抗生素耐药较为普遍。为了解泉州地区引起儿童呼吸道感染SP对常用抗生素的耐药情况及可能的耐药原因,本研究调查泉州地区2012―2013年临床分离的引起儿童呼吸道感染SP对常用抗生素的耐药情况,进一步分析介导SP大环内酯类抗菌素耐药性的相关基因erm B、erm TR、mef A及mef E等,探讨SP对大环内酯类药物的耐药机制。     

持续微泵静注芬太尼、硝普钠及艾司洛尔治疗急性主动脉夹层的疗效观察

目的对持续微泵静注芬太尼、硝普钠及艾司洛尔治疗急性主动脉夹层的疗效进行观察。方法采取2011年1月至2013年12月期间本院接受治疗的48例急性主动脉夹层患者,按照随机分配的原则,将这48例急性主动脉夹层患者随机分成2组,观察组和对照组,每组各24例患者,观察组患者采用芬太尼、硝普钠及艾司洛尔三药联用,对照组患者采用硝普钠进行治疗,治疗结束后对两组患者的疗效进行观察。结果通过相应的治疗后,两组患者的病症都有所改善,治疗结束后,患者的心率较比治疗前明显下降,(P<0.05)观察组患者出现低血压1例,对照组出现低血压9例,通过采取相应的措施后,患者的血压恢复正常。两组患者之间的血压心率比存在较大的差异,有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论芬太尼、硝普钠以及艾司洛尔三药联用在治疗急性主动脉夹层病症上有着不错的疗效,能够有效的促进患者的健康。     

广州市97 823例院前急救患者流行病学分析

目的 调查广州市院前急救患者流行病学情况,探讨院前急救病例特点.方法 从广州市急救医疗指挥中心系统数据库中导出2008年度全部数据进行统计分析.结果 ①在969 410次呼叫量中,日时间分布以16:00-18:00为最高(114 224次、占11.78%),以04:00-06:00为最低(23 237次、占2.40%).②在109 682次出车中,白云区出车量最多(29 364次、占26.77%),其次是海珠区(20 069次、占18.30%)、天河区(19 962次、占18.20%).③在97 823例院前急救患者中,男性的比例与死亡率均明显高于女性[比例:57.65%(56 394)比38.48%(37 641),死亡率:59.17%(3 269)比33.95%(1 876)].④在97 823例院前急救患者中,创伤类是院前急救中最多的,占34.57%(33 820),尤其是交通意外,占11.56%(11 307);且以21～50岁青壮年者最多;其次分别是神经系统、循环系统、呼吸系统、消化系统急症,且均以51岁(尤其是70岁)以上的中老年者最多.⑤在97 823例院前急救患者中,共死亡5 525例,占5.65%.循环系统急症死亡(尤其是猝死)居首位(1 827例、占33.07%),其次分别为其他系统急症死亡(1 646例、占29.79%)、创伤类死亡(866例、占15.67%)、呼吸系统急症死亡(413例、占7.48%)、神经系统急症死亡(329例、占5.95%);其中循环系统、呼吸系统、神经系统急症死亡均以51岁(尤其是70岁)以上的中老年者最多,其他系统急症死亡以61岁以上的老年者最多,创伤类死亡以21～40岁中青年者最多.结论 ①加强心脑血管疾病和呼吸系统疾病防治,提高中老年患者的常见急危重症早期识别与院前急救水平对降低死亡有重要意义.②加强安全生产、遵守交通法规、强化法制意识是降低创伤,尤其是交通意外发生及其死亡的有力手段.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the epidemiological information of patients in pre-hospital medical care in Guangzhou city, and to explore the characteristics of the patients. Methods The data in the year of 2008 were retrieved from the computer database of Guangzhou Emergency Medical Rescue Command Center. Results ①In a total of 969 410 calls received, the time of distribution was found to be mainly between 16:00 and 18:00 [11.78% (114 224)], and least frequently between 04:00 and 06:00 [2.40% (23 237)]. ②Among 109 682 dispatches of ambulances, Baiyun district received the most [26.77% (29 364)], and followed by Haizhu district [18.30% (20 069)], Tianhe district [18.20% (19 962)], respectively. ③Among 97 823 cases of pre-hospital medical care, death rate of the male patients was higher than the female [amount: 57.65% (56 394) vs. 38.48% (37 641), mortality: 59.17% (3 269) vs. 33.95% (1 876)]. ④In 9 7823 cases of pre-hospital medical care, trauma constituted the highest rate [34.57% (33 820)], especially traffic accidents [11.56% (11 307)], and the age of most of the patients ranged between 21 and 50. Disease of the nervous system ranged the second, followed by diseases of circulatory system, respiratory system and digestive system, and most of them were over 51 years old, and most frequently above 70. ⑤In 97 823 cases of pre-hospital medical care, there were 5 525 deaths (5.65%), in whom the circulatory system diseases ranged first (especially sudden death) [33.07% (1 827)], followed by unclassified diseases [29.79% (1 646)], trauma [15.67% (866)], respiratory diseases [7.48% (413)], and neurological emergency illnesses [5.95% (329)]. The age of deceased was far older than 51, particularly 70. The age of most of the deceased was above 61, and age of traumatic death was 2140. Conclusion ①It is very important to reduce the death rate of the middle-old aged patients by strengthening prevention and timely treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and improve the medical strategies in emergency care, in order to lower the death rate during emergency. ②It is very important to emphasize safely in production lines and to strengthen traffic regulations in order to reduce the incidence of trauma, thus it is especially traffic accident, expect that the death rate of trauma could be lowered.     

广东省兴宁市2010-2011年院前急救疾病谱调查分析

目的:通过调查分析兴宁市120医疗急救指挥中心院前急救疾病谱情况,了解当地院前急救现状与存在的问题.方法:利用兴宁市急救中心指挥调度软件系统,对该市2010年1月至2011年12月院前急救疾病谱进行前瞻性的调查、统计分析.结果:二年间兴宁市院前急救患者总数为6632人次,其疾病谱前四位分别是交通意外创伤、心血管系统急症、神经系统急症和呼吸系统急症.结论:兴宁市交通意外创伤居院前急救疾病首位,应加强创伤急救建设,建立相关预防和监测系统.     

龙胆泻肝汤在皮肤科的临床应用

龙胆泻肝汤,为清热泻火之剂。方为:龙胆草、黄芩、山栀、泽泻、木通、车前子、当归、生地、柴胡、甘草十味。主治:肝胆经实火湿热,胁痛耳聋、胆溢口苦,阴肿痒痛,白浊溲血证等。笔者曾用以治疗几种不同的疾病,只要病机相同,均能收到异病同治的显著疗效。     

Alport综合征患者尿肾状杆细胞诱导成多能干细胞系的建立

目的:从Alport综合征（AS）患者尿肾状杆细胞成功诱导成多能干细胞（iPSCs）。掌握建立iPSCs细胞系的技术与方法。方法:利用慢性病毒介导4种转录因子（Oct4,SOX2,Klf4,c-Myc）诱导从尿液中分离出的尿肾状杆细胞,建立诱导成干细胞样的克隆。挑选成功诱导的iPSCs克隆进行扩大培养,并对克隆进行免疫荧光检测,克隆形态观察,RT-PCR分析iPSCs细胞相关基因,体外三胚层分析及核型鉴定。结果:成功地从尿肾状杆细胞诱导成iPSCs,所获得的iPSCs可以表达人胚胎干细胞多能性分子标记,具有体外分化3个胚层的能力。在培养过程中能始终保持核型的稳定,并且能自我增殖、更新、分化。结论:Alport综合征患者尿液中的尿肾状杆细胞成功诱导为iPSCs,为今后研究AS提供了良好的细胞模型。     

Alport综合征iPSCs差异性表达新小核糖核苷酸的分析

目的 构建Alport综合征(AS)与正常对照者(NC)诱导多能干细胞(iPSCs)新核糖核苷酸(novel microRNA)差异性表达谱,分析其靶基因功能。方法 采用前期工作成功从尿肾状杆细胞诱导成的iPSCs,运用高通量测序平台获得AS与NC的差异性表达谱,使用靶基因预测软件TargetScan进行靶基因预测,靶基因与参考基因比较后,在候选靶基因找到显著富集的GO条目及KEGG通路。结果 在AS与NC中发现49个有意义的差异性表达novel microRNAs,其中33个表达上调,16个表达下调。在GO靶基因富集分析中,靶基因主要富集于生物调节、生物新陈代谢、细胞组成、细胞信号传导、酶催化反应、分子转运等过程。在KEGG通路分析中,靶基因主要参与代谢通路、嘌呤代谢、癌症转录调节等过程。结论 来源于AS与NC的iPSCs存在较大的差异性表达novel microRNA,其靶基因在分子功能、细胞组成、生物过程起着重要作用。这些差异性表达的novel mciroRNAs与靶基因可能是AS发病机制的潜在位点。     

我国八个大中城市院前急救流行病学调查分析

Objective To investigate the epidemiological information of patients in pre-hospital medical care for our large and medium-sized cities and probe the patients' characteristic. Method The data in 2008 were exported from the computer databases of 8 large and medium-sized cities' emergency medical centers in our country.The thorough records of data were conducted to statistical analysis. Results ( 1 ) The scheduling time, running time, rescue time, returning time, total time and service radius in the pre-hospital medical care group were 2.16± 1.10(min), 14.01 ±6.82(min), 12.12±5.96(min), 14.08± 6.85(min), 42.34± 20.21(min)and 8.50±4.18(km), and the above parameter in the non-death group were 2.19 ± 1.13(min), 14.15 ± 7.14(min),11.60±6.72(min), 14.92 ±6.89(min), 41.86± 19.53(minutes) and 8.63±4.31(Km), and the above parameter in the death group were 2.10± 1.08(min), 13.68 ± 7.14(min), 25.25 ± 12.34(min), 13.75±6.48(min), 54.74 ± 25.47(min) and 7.86± 3.91(Km), and the above parameter in the non-sudden cardiac death group were2.09± 1.03(min), 13.58±6.78(min), 25.53± 12.34(min), 13.60± 6.54(min), 53.79±23.77(min) and 7.67 ± 3.86(Km), and the above parameter in the sudden cardiac death group were 2.12 ±1.02(min), 14.10±7.05(min), 24.79± 12.08(min), 13.79±6.61(min), 54. 80 ± 25. 36( min) and 7.90±3.92(Km) respectively. The scheduling time, running time, returning time and service radius in the death group were less than those of the non-death group, but the rescue time and total time of the former were more than those of the latter respectively ( P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0. 001 ). The scheduling time and returning time didn' t have significant difference between the sudden cardiac death group and the non-sudden cardiac death group respectively ( P ＞ 0.05), but the running time, total time and service radius of the sudden cardiac death group were more than those of the non-sudden cardiac death group, and the rescue time of the former was less than that of the latter respectively ( P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.001 ). (2)The patients' amount in pre-hospital medical care group, the non-death group, the death group, the non-sudden cardiac death group and the sudden cardiac death group were at most in first quarter, and the least time slice of patients' amount were 4:00～ 6:00, 4:00～6:00, 4:00～ 6:00, 22:00～ 24:00, 2:00～4:00 respectively, and the most time slice of patients' amount were 20:00～ 22:00, 20:00～22:00, 8:00～ 10:00, 2:00 ～ 4:00, 8:00 ～ 10:00 respectively. (3)In 241 876 cases of pre-hospital medical care group, the patients' amount of trauma was at most, whose age grades was by far among21 ～50, and the others in sequence were nervous system, circulatory system, other group, digestive system, respiratory system and poisoning group respectively, whose age grades in nervous system, circulatory system and respiratory system was by far above 51, especially above 70. The patients' age grades in other group and digestive system had two climax age groups, which the one was 21 ～ 30, and the other was above 70. The patients' age grades in poisoning group was by far among 21 ～ 50, which the patients' amount of acute alcoholism was at the most. (4) In 12 568 cases of death group, the death amount of circulatory system, other group, respiratory system, nervous system and digestive system ranked at the lst,2nd,4th,5th 8th respectively, whose age grades was by far above 51, especially above 70,and the patients' amount of sudden cardiac death was at the most in the death amount of circulatory system. The death amount of trauma and poisoning group ranked at the 3rd, 6th respectively, whose age grades was by far among 21 ～ 50. (5)The total amount, the death amount and the sudden cardiac death amount of male patients were more than those of female patients. (6)The percentage of the death group to the pre-hospital medical care group was 5.20%, and the percentage of the sudden cardiac death group to the pre-hospital medical care group was 1.29%,and the percentage of the sudden cardiac death group to the death group was 24.87 %, and the percentage of the sudden cardiac death group to the circulatory system group was 67.33 %. Conclusions ( 1 )The trauma and the sudden cardiac death are the overriding reason of disease and the overriding reason of death in our large and medium-sized cities respectively. (2) It is very important to cut the death rate of the middle-old age patients by strengthening prevention and cure of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, discerning the critical illness early and improving the level of pre-hospital medical care. (3)It is a strong method to decrease the total amount and the death amount of the trauma, especially in traffic accident, by strengthening safety in production, observing traffic regulation and enhancing the legal awareness.     

我国大中城市院前心脏性猝死流行病学调查分析

目的调查我国大中城市院前心脏性猝死患者流行病学情况,探讨院前心脏性猝死病例特点。方法从我国8个大中城市急救中心系统数据库中导出2008年度全部死亡数据,就其有完整记录的资料进行统计分析。结果①院前心脏性猝死的调度时间、到达时间、现场时间、返回时间、总时间、急救半径分别为（2．12±1．02）min、（14．10±7．05）min、（24．79±12．08）min、（13．79±6．61）min、（54．80±25．36）min、7．90±3．92（km）;②院前心脏性猝死的病例数以第一季度为最多,且最多时间段是8：00～10：00,最少时间段是2：00～4：00;③男性院前心脏性猝死明显多于女性,但年龄明显小于女性;④院前心脏性猝死目击者CPR为4．48％,医护人员现场CPR成功率2．26％。结论①心脏性猝死已成为我国大中城市最常见的院前死亡原因;②加强心血管病防治,提高中老年患者的常见急危重症早期识别与院前急救水平以及普及公众CPR对降低死亡有重要意义。