化学感受器瘤11例临床分析及随访报告

化学感受器瘤是一种较为罕见的肿瘤 ,国内外文献对该肿瘤报道甚少。本文对我院 1983～ 1998年收治的化学感受器瘤 11例作一临床分析 ,并对部分病例进行追踪。1　临床资料11例患者为我院住院病人 ,均经病理活检确诊 ,部分患者加作免疫组化检查。 11例中男性 6例 ,女性 5例 ,男∶女比为 1 2∶1 0。年龄 6 5～ 5 5岁 ,中位年龄 4 0岁 ,病程 4个月至 13年 ,中位数 3年。原发部位 :颈动脉体 10例 ,鼓室 1例。肿瘤体积最大 10 0ｃｍ× 6 0ｃｍ× 4 5ｃｍ ,最小 1 0ｃｍ× 1 7ｃｍ× 2 2ｃｍ。症状 :8例无明显自觉症状 ,1例有不规则低热、明显…     

阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿患者外周血细胞CD47的表达

目的:通过研究阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿症(PNH)患者外周血细胞CD47的表达,探讨CD47在PNH发病机制中的作用。方法:选取PNH患者8例,正常对照组15例,以逆转录-聚合酶链反应异源双链分析银染法进行PIG-A基因检测,流式细胞术检测外周血细胞表面CD47、CD59的表达。结果:6例PNH患者PIG A基因第2外显子有碱基变异,其余2例未发现异常;PNH患者外周血红细胞、粒细胞CD47表达阳性率及平均荧光强度比正常对照组均减低(P<0．05)。结论:PNH患者外周血细胞表面CD47表达减少,CD47的表达与PNH发病机制可能有关。     

家兔动脉粥样硬化与血小板源内皮型氧化氮合酶表达的相关性

Objective To explore the correlation of atheroselerosis progression and the expression of platelet derived endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in rabbits. Methods A total of 24 male New Zealand white rabbits were used in this study. Six of the animals were fed with normal food (control group). Eighteen rabbits were fed with cholesterol-rich food (1 g/d) for 12 weeks to establish the atherosclerosis model. Among 18 models, 6 rabbits were executed immediately and their aorta and platelet samples were collected for further analysis (model group), 6 rabbits were orally administered with pravastatin (10 rag/d) for additional 12 weeks (treated group), and the remaining 6 rabbits were left untreated until the end of the study (untreated group). The control, treated and untreated animals were then killed, and the aorta and platelet samples were collected for eNOS expression analysis (RT-PCR). Results The aorta samples in model and untreated group exhibited rough intima and a lot of longitudinal fatty streaks, which indicated that atherosclerosis models were established successfully. While in treated group, the degree of atherosclerosis was decreased. The average percent of thickness of fatty streaks or atheroselerotic plaques relative to the whole thickness of vessel walls was 0. 04±0. 02, 0. 82±0. 16, 0. 33±0. 18,0. 77±0. 14 in control, model, treated and untreated group, respectively. The thickness of fatty streaks or atherosclerotic plaques was significantly increased in the model and untreated groups and decreased in treated group compared with the control group (both P<0. 05). The expressions of platelet derived eNOS/mRNA were 1. 02± 0. 28, 0. 41± 0. 27, 1.00 ± 0. 77, 0. 40±0. 29 in control, model, treated and untreated group, respectively. The expression of eNOS/mRNA was markedly decreased in model group and untreated group compared with the control group, but was increased in treated group compared with untreated and model groups (F=3. 544, P = 0. 024). Conclusions There is a negative correlation between eNOS expression and atherosclerosis development, which suggests that the reversal effect of pravastatin on atheroselerosis progression and plaque formation may relate to the expression of platelet derived eNOS.     

自体外周血干细胞移植治疗复发性多软骨炎一例

复发性多软骨炎（relapsing polychondritis，RP）是一种较罕见的累及多部位软骨的炎性破坏性疾病，目前尚无统一的治疗方案，其治疗主要靠糖皮质激素及免疫抑制剂。大多数RP患者上述治疗可有效地控制病情，但也有少数难治性患者常规治疗病情不能得到控制或者药物不能减量。     

家兔动脉粥样硬化与血小板源内皮型氧化氮合酶表达的相关性

Objective To explore the correlation of atheroselerosis progression and the expression of platelet derived endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in rabbits. Methods A total of 24 male New Zealand white rabbits were used in this study. Six of the animals were fed with normal food (control group). Eighteen rabbits were fed with cholesterol-rich food (1 g/d) for 12 weeks to establish the atherosclerosis model. Among 18 models, 6 rabbits were executed immediately and their aorta and platelet samples were collected for further analysis (model group), 6 rabbits were orally administered with pravastatin (10 rag/d) for additional 12 weeks (treated group), and the remaining 6 rabbits were left untreated until the end of the study (untreated group). The control, treated and untreated animals were then killed, and the aorta and platelet samples were collected for eNOS expression analysis (RT-PCR). Results The aorta samples in model and untreated group exhibited rough intima and a lot of longitudinal fatty streaks, which indicated that atherosclerosis models were established successfully. While in treated group, the degree of atherosclerosis was decreased. The average percent of thickness of fatty streaks or atheroselerotic plaques relative to the whole thickness of vessel walls was 0. 04±0. 02, 0. 82±0. 16, 0. 33±0. 18,0. 77±0. 14 in control, model, treated and untreated group, respectively. The thickness of fatty streaks or atherosclerotic plaques was significantly increased in the model and untreated groups and decreased in treated group compared with the control group (both P<0. 05). The expressions of platelet derived eNOS/mRNA were 1. 02± 0. 28, 0. 41± 0. 27, 1.00 ± 0. 77, 0. 40±0. 29 in control, model, treated and untreated group, respectively. The expression of eNOS/mRNA was markedly decreased in model group and untreated group compared with the control group, but was increased in treated group compared with untreated and model groups (F=3. 544, P = 0. 024). Conclusions There is a negative correlation between eNOS expression and atherosclerosis development, which suggests that the reversal effect of pravastatin on atheroselerosis progression and plaque formation may relate to the expression of platelet derived eNOS.     

急性白血病FLAG方案化疗后肺孢子菌病6例临床分析

目的明确化疗后患者发生肺孢子菌病(PCP)的危险因素;为急性白血病FLAG方案[氟达拉滨30 mg/(m2.d),第1～5天;阿糖胞苷1～2 g/(m2.d),第1～5天;粒细胞刺激因子5μg/(kg.d),d1～d5)]化疗后肺孢子菌病的预防和治疗提供依据。方法回顾性分析6例白血病化疗后发生肺孢子菌病患者的临床特点,分析发生肺孢子菌病患者的临床特点。结果 6例患者中急性淋巴细胞白血病2例,急性非淋巴细胞白血病4例;患者年龄14～19岁、体质量指数14～18 kg/m2,发生PCP前3个化疗方案中均至少包含2个FLAG方案;PCP起病时均出现明显呼吸困难和血氧饱和度降低,PCP发病时间大约在患者外周血中性粒细胞数恢复后3 d,发病时淋巴细胞和CD4+T淋巴细胞数量和比例明显减少,6例患者均采用复方磺胺甲基异恶唑+棘白霉素类药物联合治疗,症状于1周内好转。结论急性白血病患者应用FLAG方案化疗后,当患者年龄14～19岁、体型偏瘦时,在中性粒细胞恢复后,需监测CD4+T淋巴细胞数量,出现CD4+T细胞数量明显减低时,需密切留意肺孢子菌病的防治。     

特发性血小板减少性紫癜242例临床分析

目的:总结儿童和成人特发性血小板减少性紫癜(idiopathicthrombocytopenicpurpura,ITP)患者的临床特点。方法:对242例ITP患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:儿童ITP组,140例,男女比例为1.5∶1,急性型87例(62.1%),起病前50.7%有诱因,治疗前血红蛋白为(121±16)g/L;成人ITP组,102例,男女比例为1∶3.6,74.5%为慢性型,仅15.7%发病前有诱因,治疗前血红蛋白量为(108±30)g/L。两者的性别构成、分型、起病诱因、血红蛋白量比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。无论儿童还是成人ITP,治疗前骨髓巨核细胞数增多者的疗效明显优于巨核细胞数正常或减少者(均为P<0.05)。随访病例中31例(78%)儿童ITP痊愈,2例(5%)成人ITP痊愈。结论:儿童ITP通常起病急、病情可自行缓解,预后好;成人ITP起病隐袭,多呈慢性经过,病情反复发作。ITP患者治疗前骨髓巨核细胞数增高者比正常或减少者疗效好,检查骨髓巨核细胞数有助于临床判断疗效。     

三七皂苷单体对高血压病人血小板功能的影响

目的:以硝苯地平及1{β[3-4-甲基苯丙氧基-甲氧苯]-1-H-盐酸咪唑}(SK&F96365)为对照,探讨三七皂苷单体人参皂苷-2A对血小板聚集功能的作用。方法:肘静脉采高血压病人血标本30份,正常人血标本30份,常规制备富含血小板血浆,分别用不同浓度的硝苯地平、SK&F96365、人参皂苷-2A孵育,以2μmol/L二磷腺苷为诱聚药,连续5次测定5分钟血小板的聚集率,以血小板最大聚集率(maximal platelet aggregation,PAGmax)为观察指标。结果:①高血压病人PAGmax为0.89±0.06,与正常人PAGmax0.68±0.07比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);②两种浓度(10 μmol/L、20 μmol/L)的硝笨地平时正常人和高血压病人PAGmax均无影响;③4种浓度(2.5 μmol/L、5μmol/L、10μmol/L、20μmol/L)的SK&F96365对高血压病组的PAGmax均有抑制作用(均为P<0.05);④4种浓度(2.5μmol/L、5μmol/L、10μ,mol/L、20 μmol/L)的人参皂苷-2A对高血压病组的PAGmax均有抑制作用(均为P<0.05);3种浓度(5 μmol/L、10 μmol/L、20 μmol/L)的人参皂苷-2A对正常组的PAGmax均有抑制作用(均为P<0.05)。结论:高血压病人血小板聚集功能明显高于正常人,血小板呈高反应状态,是血栓形成的重要因素之一;硝苯地平不能抑制血小板聚集;SK&F96365能抑制血小板的聚集功能;人参皂     

获得性血友病甲2例报告并文献复习

目的: 探讨获得性血友病甲的临床特点,以提高对该病的认识.方法: 分析2例获得性血友病甲患者的临床资料,包括其临床表现、实验室检查及治疗经过,并结合相关文献进行复习.结果与结论: 2例患者均为老年男性,表现为自发性广泛皮下出血及软组织血肿,活化部分凝血活酶时间(activated partial thromboplastin time,APTT)明显延长且不能被正常血浆纠正,血浆凝血因子Ⅷ凝血活性部分(factor Ⅷ coagulant activity,FⅧ :C)活性下降,抗FⅧ:C抗体滴度升高,予输注FⅧ浓缩制剂及肾上腺皮质激素、人血丙种球蛋白后出血控制.获得性血友病甲可致严重出血,及早诊断、及早控制出血、及时补充缺乏的凝血因子,清除抗FⅧ:C抗体是成功治疗的关键.     

急性嗜酸粒细胞白血病1例报告

1 病例报告 患者,女,62岁.因头晕、头痛1个月,加重伴低热2日于2004-07-19入院.患者1个月前无明显诱因出现头晕、头痛、咽痛,无发热、耳鸣、呕吐及抽搐,在当地医院查血常规未见异常,经抗感染治疗(具体药物不详)后,头痛、咽痛消失,但头晕进行性加重,近两日出现低热.患者既往身体健康.