颈动脉成形术在高风险老年颈动脉狭窄病人中的应用

目的:探讨对于颈动脉内膜剥离术(CEA)高风险的老年颈动脉狭窄病人,经皮颈动脉成型及支架植入术(CAS)的有效性及安全性。方法:从2002年6月至2005年1月间选取了35例(共38处病变,其中男23例,女12例),年龄55～81岁,平均(67.3±9.4)岁。CEA高风险的严重颈动脉狭窄病人行CAS,并进行6个月的随访观察。观察终点事件包括死亡、中风及轻微中风、心绞痛、心肌梗死等。结果:手术技术成功率为100%,但1例(2.86%)术后4d诱发心绞痛加重后外科搭桥前心梗死亡。其余并发症包括1例轻微脑梗塞,1例高灌注综合症,半年随访未见其它并发症及终点事件。结论:初步结果表明,对于CEA高风险的老年颈动脉狭窄病人,经皮颈动脉成型及支架植入术(CAS)是安全及可行的。     

冠状动脉不稳定斑块的血管内超声影像分析

目的　探讨血管内超声 (intravascularultrasound ,IVUS)判定不稳定斑块的敏感性及特异性。方法　 43例确诊冠心病患者在冠状动脉造影 (coronaryangiography ,CAG)后行IVUS检查 ,根据斑块回声强弱分为软斑块组和硬斑块组 ,两组分别进行定量测定。结果　急性冠状动脉综合征者IVUS检出软斑块 2 2例 (2 2 /2 7) ,占 81.4% ,IVUS检测不稳定斑块的敏感性 81.4% ,特异性 75.0 % ,准确性 79.1% ,阳性预测值 84.6%。软斑块组脂核面积比硬斑块组的无回声区面积明显增大 (P <0 .0 1) ;脂核与斑块比软斑块组明显大于硬斑块组 (2 6.4%± 11.5%对 12 .0 %± 7.0 % ,P <0 .0 1) ;软斑块组纤维帽厚度明显小于硬斑块组 [(0 .3 8± 0 .14 )mm对 (1.17± 0 .3 6)mm ,P <0 .0 1] ;在面积狭窄率上 ,软斑块组明显小于硬斑块组 (62 .6%± 6.9%对 70 .9%± 7.5% ,P <0 .0 1) ;偏心程度软斑块组明显大于硬斑块组 (92 .9%对82 .4% )。两组间斑块大小差异无显著性意义 [(10 .70± 2 .96)mm2 对 (10 .84± 3 .48)mm2 ,P >0 .0 5]。结论　IVUS对冠状动脉不稳定斑块的判定具有较高的敏感性和特异性     

严重冠心病合并肾动脉狭窄单纯肾动脉成形术的可行性——附17例随访分析

目的探讨严重冠心病合并肾动脉狭窄病人,姑息性单纯行肾动脉成形术(PTRA)及支架植入术的可行性.方法选取17例(14男,3女);入选时年龄58～77岁,平均(67.5±1.3)岁,严重冠心病合并肾动脉狭窄的未行冠脉搭桥及经皮冠脉成形术的病人,采用PTRA及支架治疗,并对病人的心功能、心绞痛发作次数以及心脏超声心动图观察左室射血分数(LVEF)等进行12～18个月,平均(14.7±3.1)个月的随访.结果随访中心绞痛发作次数由每周(11.0±1.6)次发展为(4.8±0.9)次(P＜0.01),12例病人心功能由原来Ⅲ级变为Ⅱ级,5例心功能没变,无1例心功能恶化;心脏超声心动图查LVEF(37.6±6.7)%发展为(45.3±9.1)%(P＜0.01);SF-36调查表中评分总分由(65.3±4.5)分好转为(97.3±12.8)分(P＜0.01),在评分中的健康和日常活动、自我感觉、总的健康情况部分也有明显好转(P＜0.01).结论严重冠心病合并肾动脉狭窄病人,如病人按目前条件不能行冠脉搭桥获冠脉成形术,姑息性单纯行肾动脉成形术及支架植入术是可行的.     

高钾饮食对高脂血症家兔抗氧化作用的研究

目的　观察高钾摄入对脂质过氧化作用和ox LDL的影响。方法　新西兰白兔 3 0只 ,随机分为 3组 :空白组予普通饲料喂养 ;对照组予高脂饲料喂养 ;治疗组予高脂饲料喂养并添加钾剂饲入。将 3组的多项观察指标进行比较分析。结果　对照组和治疗组动物高脂饮食后血TC、TG、LDL c和HLD c水平较空白组显著升高 (P <0 0 5-0 0 1) ,停止高脂饮食后血脂水平下降 (与同组实验前比较P <0 0 5)。治疗组服钾后 7d～ 45d血钾水平较空白组和对照组显著升高 (P <0 0 5) ,但均在生理浓度范围内。对照组高脂饮食 7d和 3 0dLPO的稳定终产物丙二醛 (MDA)水平较空白组和治疗组显著升高 (P <0 0 5-0 0 1) ,停止高脂饮食后 15d其MDA达更高水平 ;治疗组高脂饮食 7dMDA水平与空白组无明显差异 ,高脂饮食 3 0dMDA水平较同期空白组升高 (P <0 0 5) ,但停止高脂饮食后 15d其MDA水平与同期空白组无明显差异 (P >0 0 5) ;对照组和治疗组两组SOD活性在各时点均无显著性差异 ,但高脂饮食 3 0dSOD活性较空白组下降。对照组在 7d～ 45dox LDL水平均较空白组和治疗组显著升高 (P <0 0 5-0 0 1) ;治疗组高脂饮食7dox LDL水平开始上升 ,但与空白组比较未具显著性 (P >0 0 5) ,3 0d后ox LDL水平较同期空白组升高 (P <0 0 5) ,但停止     

颈动脉超声检测在老年缺血性脑血管病的应用330例临床分析

目的评价颈动脉超声在缺血性脑血管病中的应用价值。方法对330例缺血性脑血管病患者行颈动脉超声检查,并以92例同期非脑血管病患者的颈动脉超声检查作对照。结果缺血性脑血管病组颈动脉内径与对照组相比有显著差异(分别P<0.001及<0.05),缺血性脑血管病组IMT增厚发生率、斑块检出率、颈动脉狭窄发生率及峰值流速(PV)与对照组相比较显著差异(均P<0.01)。结论颈动脉超声检查能确定缺血性脑血管病患者颈动脉粥样样硬化及颈动脉狭窄的程度,并提供颈动脉血流动力学参数,为动脉粥样硬化的早期预防和治疗提供客观的依据。     

雷帕霉素涂层支架在冠心病合并糖尿病患者中临床应用

目的冠心病合并糖尿病患者是冠心病介入治疗的一个重点.药物支架的应用是目前最有希望防治再狭窄的方法.方法合并糖尿病的冠心病患者82例作为研究对象,男60例,女22例;平均年龄52.6±4.4岁.所有患者常规Judkins法冠脉造影,狭窄程度在75%以上的患者进行介入治疗,置入CYPHER药物支架长度要求完全覆盖相关血管病变.所有患者术前术后常规给予阿司匹林和氯吡格雷,术后严格控制冠心病危险因素.结果冠脉造影显示2支以上血管病变的患者占70.83%,多为B型和C型病变.共置入CYPHER药物支架114个.13/114个(11.40%)药物支架为直接置入,其余101/114个(88.60%)药物支架在置入前给予球囊预扩张.81/82例(98.78%)患者获得成功,死亡1例(1.22%).79例患者平均随访时间为11.4±3.6个月.复发心绞痛的患者10/79例(12.66%),无一例发生心肌梗死.27名(34.18%)患者进行了冠脉造影复查.4/79名(5.06%)患者Cypher药物支架段出现再狭窄,3名患者进行了靶病变再次血管成形术(TLR).结论雷帕霉素涂层支架在冠心病合并糖尿病患者中的应用是安全有效的,近期和远期疗效良好,有助于减少再狭窄的发生.     

Impact of prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy on patients after drug-eluting stents implantation

Background Impact of dual antiplatelet therapy beyond 12 months on patients implanted with DES remains unsolved.Methods From January 2010 to June 2011,1873 patients who have been taking DAPT and free from death,myocardial infarction,stroke,repeat coronary revascularization,stent thrombosis,and major or minor bleeding according to TIMI criteria for 12 months after implantation of DES were randomly assigned to continuous (prolonged DAPT group) or discontinuous (standard DAPT group) clopidogrel (75 mg/day).The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) which compose of death,nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI),nonfatal stroke,target vessel revascularization (TVR) or stent thrombosis (ST) at 180 days.Results There was no significant difference in the incidence of 180-day MACEs between prolonged DAPT group and standard DAPT group (8.98 % versus 10.13 %,respectively,P=0.400).The frequency of major bleeding was 0.64 % in prolonged DAPT arm and 0.43% in standard DAPT arm (P=0.523),that of minor bleeding was 3.32 % versus 2.87 % (P=0.585),respectively.Conclusions Prolonged DAPT beyond 12 months neither improve prognosis nor increase risk of bleeding in patients implanted with DES.     

Comparison of benefit and safety between different loading dose of clopidogrel on elderly patients undergoing primary percutaneous cronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Background Despite the proven benefit of 600-mg loading dose of clopidogrel in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who undergo primary percutaneous cronary intervention (PCI), there is still concern about its benefit and safety on elderly population. Methods Data of 172 consecutive elderly patients (≥75 years) with STEMI who underwent primary PCI at Guangdong Provincial Cardiovascular Institute from January 2008 to December 2011 were retrospectively collected. Patients were divided into 600-mg loading clopidogrel group and 300-mg clopidogrel group accoring to the loading dose of clopidogrel before primary percunaeous coronary intervention(PCI). Enzymatic myocardial infarction size estimated by peak creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) and patency of the infarct-related artery (IRA) were compared. Thirty-day major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), which consist of death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), nonfatal stroke, target vessel revascularization (TVR) or stent thrombosis (ST) were compared to assess the efficacy of different loading dose. Bleeding information was compared as well to assess the safety of different pretreatment stragety before primary PCI. Results 96 patients were adminstered with 600-mg loading clopidogrel before primary PCI while 76 were administered with 300-mg. Patency of the IRA was significantly higher in patients administered with 600-mg loading clopidogrel therapy as compared with those who received 300-mg loading clopidogrel (94.8% vs. 85.5%, P = 0.038). 600-mg loading dose of clopidogrel was associated with lower incidence of 30-day MACEs compared with 300-mg loading dose of clopidogrel (8.3% vs. 19.7%, P = 0.029) while did not increase the risk of TIMI major (3.1% vs. 3.9%, P = 0.770) and minor bleeding (10.4% vs. 6.6%, P = 0.376). Conclusion 600-mg loading clopidogrel improves final patency of the IRA and clinical outcome as compared with 300-mg loading clopidogrel without increasing bleeding hazard.