外侧“L”形切口锁定接骨板治疗跟骨骨折

目的探讨外侧"L"形切口锁定接骨板治疗跟骨骨折的方法、技巧和临床疗效。方法自2010年10月至2012年1月对26例28足跟骨骨折采用外侧广泛"L"形切口,行骨折切开复位锁定接骨板固定术。其中男20例,女6例;年龄19~56岁,平均37.3岁。按照Sander分型,Ⅱ型9足,Ⅲ型12足,Ⅳ型7足。结果所有患者均获得随访,随访时间10~30个月,平均随访16个月。1足伤口皮肤边缘轻度坏死,经换药4周后愈合拆线。余切口均一期愈合,满2周拆线。所有跟骨外形正常,术后3个月在侧位X线片测量Bhler角较术前平均增加了17.8°,Gissane's角较术前平均增加了23.4°。采用Maryland Foot Score评分标准评估术后功能,结果显示优11例,良11例,中3例(均为SanderⅣ病例),差1例(为SanderⅣ病例),优良率84.6%。未出现切口感染、内固定松动断裂等并发症。结论锁定接骨板治疗固定跟骨骨折稳定性强,特别适合于粉碎性骨折;在行"L"形切口时,术中需骨膜下剥离,防止皮瓣分层,小心保护皮瓣血供。如注意上述技巧,皮瓣坏死率很低。采用外侧"L"形入路锁定接骨板治疗跟骨骨折临床疗效满意。     

胫骨平台伴髁间棘骨折术后关节功能康复的影响因素分析

目的 Logistics回归分析胫骨平台伴髁间棘骨折患者术后关节功能康复效果的影响因素,建立风险模型预测,进一步为术后膝关节功能康复奠定基础。 方法 选取胫骨平台伴髁间棘骨折患者328例作为研究对象,美国特种外科医院膝关节评分（Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score,HSS）评估患者术后膝关节功能康复效果,Logistics回归分析术后关节功能康复效果的影响因素,建立Logistic回归预测模型,进一步评估该模型预测术后关节功能康复效果的敏感度和特异度。 结果 胫骨平台伴髁间棘骨折患者328例,术后膝关节功能恢复良好82.93%,术后膝关节功能恢复不良17.07%;Logistic回归方程分析得知,年龄、体重指数、术前（American Society of Anesthesiologists,ASA）分级、手术时间、骨质疏松、术前膝关节活动度、术后疼痛是胫骨平台伴髁间棘骨折患者术后关节功能康复效果的影响因素（P＜0.05）;当Logistic（P）＞3.87时预测价值最优,敏感度为67.9%,特异度为93.5%。 结论 受年龄、体重指数、术前ASA分级、手术时间、骨质疏松、术前膝关节活动度、术后疼痛等因素影响,胫骨平台伴髁间棘骨折患者术后存在膝关节功能恢复不良风险,临床应加强预防性干预,以提高康复效果,改善预后。     

全膝置换后24h内与48h后开始康复锻炼的疗效比较

目的比较全膝关节置换术后24h内与48h后开始康复锻炼对膝关节功能疗效的差别。方法因骨关节病行全膝关节置换术的40例患者,术后24h内开始行康复锻炼的患者（A组）与术后48h后开始行康复锻炼的患哲（B组）,配以相同的锻炼方法至出院,并应用股四头肌肌力、膝关节活动度、疼痛评分,美国特种外科医院膝关节评估系统及相关不良事件来评定两组患者的膝关节情况。结果出院时,除肌力无明显差异外,膝关节活动度、疼痛评分及关国特种外科医院膝关节评分,A组均优于B组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论全膝关节置换术后24h内开始康复锻炼较48h后更能缓解疼痛,改善关节功能。     

经椎间孔人路椎问融合治疗腰椎退变伴不稳症

目的研究经椎间孔人路椎问融合治疗腰椎退变伴不稳症的临床疗效、植骨融合率及术后并发症。方法31例腰椎不稳症的患者行椎间孔入路椎间融合术附加双侧椎弓根螺钉固定术,共融合33个椎间隙,其中L4-515例,LsS114例,L4-5和L。s。双节段为2例。26例伴有腰椎滑脱,5例伴有腰椎间盘突出症。记录其手术时间、出血量、术后并发症等。随访16-34个月,平均26个月,观察临床疗效满意率和植骨融合率等。结果平均手术时问120rain,出血约700mL。所有患者伤口均一期愈合,术中未出现硬膜囊撕裂、马尾神经损伤。术后1例患者出现神经根痛加剧,1年后所有病例均达到椎间隙骨性融合。根据JOA评分,术前（15．1士3．1）分,末期随访时（26．0±2．O）分,比较差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）,临床疗效优良率为95．2％。结论经椎间孔人路椎间融合术具有创伤小、并发症少、植骨融合率高、临床疗效满意等优点,是治疗退变性腰椎不稳症的安全及有效方法。     

动力髋螺钉内固定治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折疗效观察

股骨粗隆间骨折是老年人常见的骨折之一。随着人均寿命的延长,近年来其发生率呈上升趋势。保守治疗卧床时间长,并发症多,近年来随着内固定技术及围手术期治疗技术的提高,更多学者主张手术治疗[1]。动力髋螺钉(dynamichip screw,DHS)是目前治疗此种骨折理想的内固定材料。我院自     

膝关节置换时股骨髓内定位对假体排列的影响

BACKGROUND: The femoral intramedullary guides in total knee arthroplasty require high precision, complex operation, it is very important for prosthesis and joint function to choose more precise positioning method and determine the correct needle point. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of needle point position on prosthesis arrangement when applying different femoral intramedullary guides methods in total knee arthroplasty. METHODS: Totally 80 patients who received the treatment of total knee arthroplasty in Changshu No.1 People’s Hospital from January 2012 to July 2015 were selected and divided into test and control groups according to random number table (n=40/group). The patients in the test group accepted CT scan for femoral   intramedullary guides. The theoretical position of femoral intramedullary guides entry point was marked using radiographic parameters. In the control group, the traditional total knee arthroplasty technology was used to mark the entry point of femoral intramedullary guides. The needle point position when applying different femoral intramedullary guide methods was observed. The effect of femoral intramedullary guides on prosthesis arrangement in total knee arthroplasty was discussed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, the distance from entry point to femoral anatomic line on positive and lateral X-ray film in the test group was shorter, femoral prosthesis lateral angle and physiological valgus angle were closer to the theoretical value, distance from intersection of femur axis and femoral condyle to block center was shorter; the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that compared with the traditional two-dimensional intramedullary positioning, the needle point position of three-dimensional CT scan stimulative positioning is more accurate. The location more concentrates on within intercondylar fossa 2-5 mm, more front of intercondylar fossa 3-10 mm, three-dimensional CT scan stimulative positioning is a reliable choice for femoral intramedullary guides.      

全膝关节置换术中应用脉冲冲洗对术后下肢深静脉血栓发生的影响

目的 探讨全膝关节置换术(TKA)中应用脉冲冲洗对术后下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)发生的影响.方法 行TKA的膝骨性关节炎患者58例,采用随机数字表法分为两组:试验组29例,术中用脉冲枪对膝关节进行脉冲冲洗;对照组29例,术中用普通注射器进行冲洗.在术前3 d以及术后第3、7、14天分别检测所有患者的血浆D-D水平,行双下肢深静脉血管彩超检查DVT.结果 所有患者术后14 d拆线,无一例发生伤口感染、伤口裂开等并发症.术后第3天,试验组血浆D-D水平高于对照组(P＜0.05).两组患者术前3d双下肢深静脉血管彩超均为正常;术后第3、7天,试验组双下肢DVT检出率高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 TKA中应用脉冲冲洗可引起术后下肢DVT发生率增高,使用时应谨慎操作.     

椎管减压椎弓根钉内固定加横突间植骨融合治疗腰椎管狭窄症

目的：探讨椎管减压椎弓根钉内固定加横突间植骨融合治疗腰椎管狭窄症的临床疗效。方法：对65例腰椎管狭窄症患者行后路椎管减压椎弓根钉内固定加横突间植骨融合术。结果：65例患者随访6—24个月，所有患者病情均获不同程度的缓解，优良率达93-8％。结论：采用椎管减压椎弓根钉内固定加横突间植骨融合治疗腰椎管狭窄症疗效良好，有利于减少腰椎管狭窄术后复发。     

Biomechanical analysis of femoral neck system in unstable femoral neck fractures北大核心

BACKGROUND: The femoral neck system is a novel fixation device for unstable femoral neck fractures. OBJECTIVE: To compare and analyze the mechanical stability of three kinds of internal fixation in Pauwels III unstable femoral neck fractures by finite element method. METHODS: On the basis of the validated femoral finite element model (intact group), the model was cut to make a Pauwels III 70° unstable fracture of the femoral neck. Different internal fixation models were implanted to simulate clinical surgery. This study established femoral neck system fixation (model A), inverted triangular cannulated screw fixation (model B) and 4 diamond-shaped cannulated screw fixation (model C). All the nodes under the distal end of the femur were restrained for the three groups of models, and 700 N, 1 400 N and 2 100 N compressive loads were applied to the femoral head. Through calculation and analysis, the Von Mises stress distribution and deformation of each group of models were observed, and the mechanical stability of each group of models was compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The maximum deformation of the three groups of models under various loads occurred in the femoral head. When compressed for 2 100 N, the deformation of model A was 2.06 mm less than that of intact group 2.17 mm, while the deformations of model B and model C were both higher than that of intact group, with the distributions of 2.39 mm and 2.33 mm. (2) Under various loads, the stress in model A group was also the smallest. Under 2 100 N, the stress peak in model A was 297.31 MPa, distributed at the joint position of anti-rotation screw and locking screw, while the stress peak in model B was 543.18 MPa, distributed at the fracture joint position of the third screw in the inverted triangle. However, the deformation and stress of model C were intermediate between model A and model B, and the maximum stress peak value was distributed at the bottom hollow of the cannulated screw fracture, reaching 315.61 MPa at 2 100 N. (3) The compressive stiffness and stress analysis of models of the three groups showed that model A < model C < model B. (4) It is concluded that the mechanical stability of femoral neck system for femoral neck fracture is better than that of three and four cannulated screws fixation, and it can effectively prevent femoral neck shortening. Femoral neck system is a recommended internal fixation method for unstable femoral neck fractures. © 2023, Publishing House of Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research. All rights reserved.     

后路选择性短节段矫形固定治疗退变性腰椎侧凸症疗效分析

目的探讨后路选择性减压短节段融合固定术治疗退变性腰椎侧凸症的中期效果。方法回顾分析2006-06-2010-03我院采用后路选择性减压短节段融合固定术治疗的退变性腰椎侧凸症患者71例,定期随访VAS、JOA评分并测量腰椎Cobb’s角和前凸角。结果患者术后症状明显好转,四个指标均明显改善(P<0.05):平均VAS评分由术前6.32降至术后1.86,JOA评分由13.31增加至24.17,冠状位Cobb’s角由19.65°矫正至10.32°,矢状位Cobb’s角由32.38°增加至42.31°。JOA改善率为32.64%,侧凸矫正率为47.48%。经过平均4.14年的随访发现上述效果出现轻度丢失,末次随访时16例侧凸进展,其中12例症状加重。结论对于侧凸角度不大、脊柱基本平衡的DLS患者,采用后路选择性减压短节段融合固定术可获得良好的效果,并可以显著的减少手术创伤和术后并发症。