经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

不同切口对乳腺癌患者保乳术后胸部美容效果及身心状态的影响

目的:探讨乳腺癌患者的保乳术中采用放射状切口及弧行切口的效果差异。方法:选取2015年2月-2017年2月在笔者医院接受保乳术治疗的乳腺癌患者106例,通过随机数字表法分成对照组和观察组,每组53例。对照组接受放射状切口保乳术治疗,观察组接受弧行切口保乳术治疗。比较两组患者手术前后的生活质量评分以及术后美容效果。结果:治疗前两组患者的躯体健康、躯体角色功能、躯体疼痛、社会功能、情绪角色功能、心理健康、精力、总体健康以及总分等各项目评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后观察组的生活质量各项目评分均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组美容优良率为94.34%高于对照组的81.13%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:临床上在针对乳腺癌患者实施保乳术中,行弧行切口效果良好,术后患者的生活质量显著改善,且美容效果良好,具有较高的临床价值。     

双重围刺配合刺络拔罐治疗频次对急性带状疱疹疗效的影响

目的观察双重围刺配合刺络拔罐治疗急性期带状疱疹中治疗频次对临床疗效的影响。方法采用随机数字表法将100例急性期带状疱疹患者分为两组,每组50例。两组患者均口服盐酸伐昔洛韦和甲钴胺,联合双重围刺配合刺络拔罐治疗。试验组双重围刺法配合刺络拔罐的治疗频次为每日2次,对照组双重围刺法配合刺络拔罐的治疗频次为每日1次。对比观察两组患者治疗的临床疗效,止疱、结痂、脱痂时间,治疗前后疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分,疼痛缓解程度,每疗程末疼痛持续时间以及带状疱疹后遗神经痛发生率。结果试验组总有效率为98.0%,对照组总有效率为94.0%;两组治疗后VAS评分均较治疗前降低(P<0.05),且试验组低于对照组(P<0.05);试验组止疱、结痂、脱痂时间短于对照组(P<0.05);试验组疼痛缓解程度大于对照组(P<0.05);试验组前3个疗程末日疼痛持续时间均短于对照组(P<0.05);试验组后遗神经痛发生率为10.0%,对照组为18.0%。结论西药口服联合每日2次的双重围刺配合刺络拔罐对急性期带状疱疹患者可提高临床疗效,减轻患者疼痛持续时间及疼痛程度,缩短病程,疗效肯定。     

益气振心汤对慢性心力衰竭合并心律失常患者的疗效及机制研究

目的:探究益气振心汤对慢性心力衰竭合并心律失常患者的疗效及相关机制。方法:根据纳入和排除标准将60例慢性心力衰竭合并心律失常患者作为研究对象,并使用随机数字表将其分为对照组和中药组各30例。给予对照组传统西医治疗方案,中药组在对照组基础上使用益气振心汤治疗,为期12周。评估两组治疗后的临床疗效和窦性心率维持情况,心功能和血液炎症细胞因子水平。结果:中药组总有效率(100%)显著高于对照组(80%)。与对照组比较,中药组的左室射血分数显著性升高(P<0.05),而左心室收缩末期内径及左心室舒张末期内径显著性降低(P<0.05)。中药组的血液TNF-α、IL-6显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:益气振心汤可有效治疗心力衰竭合并心律失常,且对于患者的窦性心率具有良好的维持作用和对于心功能具有改善作用,其作用机制可能与其抗炎作用有关。