Three-dimensional visualization and virtual reality simulation role in hepatic surgery: Further research warranted

Artificial intelligence (AI) is the study of algorithms that enable machines to analyze and execute cognitive activities including problem solving, object and word recognition, reduce the inevitable errors to improve the diagnostic accuracy, and decision-making. Hepatobiliary procedures are technically complex and the use of AI in perioperative management can improve patient outcomes as discussed below. Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of images obtained via ultrasound, computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging, can help surgeons better visualize the surgical sites with added depth perception. Pre-operative 3D planning is associated with lesser operative time and intraoperative complications. Also, a more accurate assessment is noted, which leads to fewer operative complications. Images can be converted into physical models with 3D printing technology, which can be of educational value to students and trainees. 3D images can be combined to provide 3D visualization, which is used for preoperative navigation, allowing for more precise localization of tumors and vessels. Nevertheless, AI enables surgeons to provide better, personalized care for each patient.     

How to use noninvasive positive airway pressure device data reports to guide clinical care

There has been a significant increase in the past few decades in the number of children receiving noninvasive positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy at home. At present, PAP therapy can be successfully used in children of all ages, for a variety of indications. Data acquired from PAP devices is clinically useful, providing objective information regarding adherence, leak, and efficacy of PAP therapy. However, guidelines outlining a standardized approach to interpretation of PAP device data in pediatrics is currently lacking. Given the rapidly expanding use of PAP therapy in pediatric practice, we aim to provide an overview of the interpretation of data reports, otherwise called “data downloads,” from PAP devices and illustrate how they can be used to guide clinical care.     

Anticipated and unanticipated complications of severe dengue in a primigravida

As the incidence of dengue is rising among adults more cases of dengue fever are being reported during pregnancy. Physiological changes of pregnancy mask the pathognomonic features of severe dengue such as increased hematocrit, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia and a high index of suspicion are required in endemic areas. Massive hemorrhage may complicate operative deliveries in unsuspected patients. World Health Organization recommends that all patients with severe dengue should be admitted to a hospital with access to intensive care facilities and blood transfusion. We present the successful management of hemorrhage and unanticipated complications of severe dengue in a young primigravida admitted to the Intensive Care Unit after an emergency cesarean section.     

Three-dimensional analysis of temporomandibular joint in Chinese adults with normal occlusion and harmonious skeleton

Oral Radiology - This study aimed to analyze the detailed three-dimensional measurements of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in Chinese adults with normal occlusion and harmonious skeleton. In 51...     

Community Attachments are Associated with COVID-19 Public Health Behaviors Among Adolescents in Pakistan

Child & Youth Care Forum - Community attachments are thought to promote adolescents’ engagement in public health behaviors. To date, past research has exclusively examined the social...     

Rate of cultivable subgingival periodontopathogenic bacteria in chronic periodontitis

Although microbiological studies have identified more than 400 bacterial species in periodontal pockets, only a limited number have been implicated as periodontal pathogens. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of cultivable subgingival periodontopathogenic bacteria in chronic periodontitis. Bacterial samples were collected with sterile paper points from the deepest periodontal pockets ((5 mm) of 203 patients: 92 males and 111 females, aged 35-55 years. The samples were cultured under anaerobic and capnophilic conditions using selective and non-selective media. Isolates were characterized to species level by conventional biochemical tests and a commercial rapid test system. The isolates were Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (26.8%), Porphyromonas gingivalis (21.9%), Capnocytophaga sputigena (16.7%), Eikenella corrodens (13.2%), Prevotella intermedia (10.5 %), Prevotella disiens (3.1%), Peptostreptococcus micros (2.9%), Capnocytophaga gingivalis (2.2%), Prevotella corporis (1.8%), Peptostreptococcus magnus (1.3%) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (0.4%). No periodontopathogenic bacterial growth was observed in 14 of the samples (6.2%). The number of samples associated with monobacterial growth and polybacterial growth were 74.9% and 18.2% respectively. It is concluded that the bacterial composition associated with a number of patients' samples is quite complex, and that some of cultivable anaerobic and capnophilic bacteria act as periodontal pathogens in chronic periodontitis.