鼻唇沟透明质酸注射填充术:应用钝针与锐针安全性和有效性的比较

目的对比应用钝针与锐针对鼻唇沟行透明质酸注射填充的安全性和有效性。方法自2015年5月至2016年10月,应用透明质酸对60例鼻唇沟凹陷求美者行鼻唇沟注射填充。随机分为两组,每组30例求美者。钝针组应用27 G钝针进行注射,锐针组应用27 G锐针进行注射。观察两组临床效果、维持时间及并发症发生情况。结果本组求美者获随访1～9个月,两组修复效果均较明显,两组总有效率差异无统计学意义(P0.05);局部肿胀发生率钝针组高于锐针组(P0.05);淤青、局部不平整和丁达尔现象的发生率锐针组高于钝针组(P0.05)。结论通过透明质酸注射填充可以安全、有效地修复鼻唇沟凹陷,锐针注射可以对皮肤表面形态进行更精细的雕刻,钝针注射更有利于降低血管栓塞等相关并发症的发生风险。     

Pediatric intracranial aneurysms——clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategies

Objective To assess the radiological characteristics and therapeutic strategies of intracranial aneurysms in children. Methods From our dedicated neurovascular databank of patients, we reviewed 23 consecutive children who had 24 intracranial aneurysms. There were 14 boys and 9 girls with a mean age of 9.09 years ( range 1 - 14 years ). Results Intracranial aneurysms in children ≤ 14 years constituted 1.3% of all intracranial aneurysms. Internal Carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) were the most frequent sites for aneurysms. About 58.3% of the aneurysms were complex, including dissecting, pseudoaneurysm, giant and fusiform aneurysm. 1/3 of all aneurysms were located in posterior circulation. Only 1 case had multiple aneurysms in this case series. Almost half of all cases presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and others presented with mass effect. 14 cases underwent endovascular treatment. 4 patients received microsurgical therapy. 5 cases did not receive microsurgical or endovascular therapy, 2 of them whose aneurysms spontaneously thrombosed during follow up. One boy with left vertebral artery giant aneurysm died after endovascular therapy owing to gradual thrombosis in basilar artery. Another child had poor outcome because of rerupture of aneurysm before operation. Whereas the majority had a favorable outcome. Conclusions Intracranial aneurysms in children had many clinical and radiological characteristics different from those in adults : ( 1 ) remarkable male predominance; ( 2 ) ICA and MCA were the most common sites for aneurysms; (3) high incidence of large, traumatic, infectious, dissecting and fusiform aneurysms. (4)For pediatric intracranial aneurysms, both microsurgical approaches and endovascular treatment were effective. Endovaacular therapy was the best choice for complex aneurysms.     

海南萝芙木季胺碱——大斯配加春的结构

从海南萝芙木生产“降压灵”的母液中,分得一新的二聚体生物碱,命名为大斯配加春(macrospegatrine)。根据红外、紫外、质谱、氢谱及单晶X—射线衍射确定结构为Ⅰ式(图1)。     

肾脏旋转不良并结石的经皮肾穿刺造瘘碎石治疗

目的：探讨经皮肾穿刺造瘘碎石术（PCNL）对肾脏旋转不良并发结石的疗效。方法：对15例（20侧）肾脏旋转不良并发结石患者采用PCNL治疗。旋转不完全型13侧，旋转缺如型4侧，反向旋转型3侧，无过度旋转型。病变位于左肾4例，右肾6例，双肾5例；结石大小（94．25±38．71）mm^2。结果：所有结石均成功击碎，一期PCNL清除结石11例，二期PCNL2例，结合ESWL治疗2例，行顺行性肾盂输尿管交界处狭窄切开9例。术后出现肉眼血尿4例，肾绞痛2例．均经妥善处理治愈。结论：PCNL是肾脏旋转不良并结石的有效治疗方法，术前应仔细阅片，注意手术技巧。     

脊髓血管畸形血管内皮生长因子在脑脊液的表达

目的探讨脊髓血管畸形是否存在血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达,及其表达与临床特征之间是否存在相关性。方法在手术中留取56例脊髓血管畸形的脑脊液标本,其中动静脉畸形(SCAVM)23例,硬脊膜动静脉瘘(SDAVF)19例,海绵状血管瘤(CM)14例;以我院12例蛛网膜下腔阻滞病人脑脊液作为对照组,分别通过酶联免疫吸附方法(ELISA)测定脊髓血管畸形脑脊液中VEGF含量。结果SCAVM脑脊液中VEGF浓度为(277±66)pg/ml、SDAVF为(318±54)pg/ml、CM为(146±32)pg/ml均高于正常对照组(123±27)pg/ml。术前栓塞和出血均可导致脑脊液VEGF升高。结论VEGF与脊髓血管畸形的发生、发展存在一定关系,出血和栓塞均可影响VEGF的表达。     

经单侧椎板开窗夹闭硬脊膜动静脉瘘

目的　总结经单侧椎板开窗入路夹闭硬脊膜动静脉瘘的经验。方法　回顾性分析了 5 6例经脊髓MR和脊髓血管造影确诊的硬脊膜动静脉瘘患者经单侧椎板开窗夹闭瘘口的临床资料。结果　 5 4例患者术后行脊髓血管造影复查 ,显示瘘口全部消失。 38例患者术后 6个月行脊髓MR复查 ,显示脊髓周围的血管流空影完全消失 ,T2 像髓内高信号影消失或明显减少。 5 4例患者获随访 ,随访时间 3～ 36个月 ,2 4例症状完全消失 ,2 7例症状改善 ,3例无变化。结论　经单侧椎板开窗夹闭瘘口的手术方法是硬脊膜动静脉瘘的首选治疗方法。     

颅内-外动脉搭桥术治疗缺血性脑血管病

目的 探讨颅内-外动脉搭桥术治疗缺血性脑血管病的经验及适应证。方法 对32例缺血性脑血管病行颅内-外动脉搭桥术病例进行回顾性分析。结果 患者术前有不同程度反复性短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)、可逆性缺血性神经功能障碍(RIND)及不典型缺血症状．CT或MRI植查无大面积梗死。术后脑血管造影证实吻合口通畅率87．5％．经颞浅动脉MCA皮层支显影良好，无术后并发症。随访患者症状均有不同程度的改善．TIA发作频数及程度均明显减少。结论 颅内-外动脉搭桥术是治疗缺血性脑血管病直接有效的方法。     

亚健康态的中医调摄原则

亚健康态是一种介于健康和疾病之间的健康低质量状态。“治未病”思想是中医理论体系的重要内容之一。平阴阳、调神明、顺天时、重体质、畅气机、和脏腑、通经络乃中医干预亚健康态的调摄原则。