医护麻联合疼痛管理在腹部手术的应用研究

目的探索医护麻联合的疼痛管理方法在腹部手术患者围手术期的应用效果,以期构建腹部手术患者围手术期疼痛管理效果评价指标。方法选取2017年4~7月在我中心的24例肝脏肿瘤、胰腺肿瘤、胆道肿瘤和肝内外胆管结石患者作为试验组,实施医生、护士、麻醉师联合疼痛管理:疼痛知识健康教育,口服预防性镇痛药,严密的疼痛评分;并回顾选取2017年1~3月26例肝脏肿瘤、胰腺肿瘤、胆道肿瘤和肝内外胆管结石患者作为对照组,比较分析2组患者术后3、6、12、24、48小时的视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS);早期活动的依从性,胃肠道不良反应恶心呕吐的发生;肠功能恢复:肛门排气时间和第一次解便时间。结果试验组患者3、6、12、24、48小时VAS均低于对照组,患者术后床上坐起和下床活动好于对照组,肛门排气时间和第一次解便时间均早于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组胃肠道不良反应恶心呕吐的发生情况比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论医护麻联合的疼痛管理能有效的缓解腹部手术患者的疼痛,促进其早期下床活动及肠功能的恢复,疼痛管理是快速康复管理的核心。     

含不同浓度乳化异氟醚的停跳液对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的 探讨含不同浓度乳化异氟醚的停跳液对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响.方法 清洁级雄性成年SD大鼠,体重180～250 g,建立Langendorff离体心脏灌注模型,取模型制备成功的56个心脏随机分为7组(n=8):St.Thomas停跳液组(C组)和含不同浓度乳化异氟醚的停跳液组(E1组～E6组).K-H液平衡灌注20 min后,C组用4℃ St.Thomas停跳液20 ml使心脏停搏45 min,K-H 液再灌注60 min,E1组～E6组分别用含乳化异氟醚0.28、0.56、1.12、1.68、2.24和2.80 mmol/L的4℃St.Thomas停跳液20 ml使心脏停搏45 min,K-H液再灌注60 min.于平衡灌注末、再灌注20、40、60 min 时记录HR、左心室发展压(LVDP)、左心室舒张末压(LVEDP)和左心室压力最大上升速率(+dp/dtmax),并收集冠脉流出液1.5 ml,测定乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性和肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)浓度.于再灌注60 min时取心肌组织,计算心肌梗死面积.结果 与C组比较,E4组HR、LVDP、+dp/dtmax和SOD活性升高,LVEDP、LDH的活性和cTnI浓度降低,心肌梗死面积减小,E5组和E6组HR、LVDP、+dp/dtmax和SOD活性降低,LVEDP、LDH活性和cTnI浓度升高,心肌梗死面积增加(P<0.05),E1组～E3组上述指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).与E4组比较,其余含不同浓度乳化异氟醚的停跳液组HR、LVDP、+dpldt～和SOD活性降低,LVEDP、LDH活性和cTnI浓度升高,心肌梗死面积增加(P<0.05).结论 含1.68 mmol/L乳化异氟醚的停跳液可减轻大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤.     

前列地尔对原位肝移植患者血流动力学的影响研究

目的 观察原位肝移植手术新肝期静脉泵注前列地尔(PGE1)对血流动力学的影响,为临床合理用药提供参考.方法 选取2011～2015年在该院移植中心接受原位肝移植的患者30例,采用计算机随机数字表法将其分为对照组、E1组和E2组,各10例;在原位肝移植手术新肝期,E1组与E2组患者分别以5、10 ng/(kg·min)静脉泵注PGE1,对照组泵注等量生理盐水,其余处理相同;在新肝期30 min分别纪录心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、肺动脉压(PAP)、心排血量(CO)、外周血管阻力(SVR).结果 3组患者年龄、体质量、手术时间、无肝期时间、失血量及输注量比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).在门静脉、肝上下腔静脉开放后30 min,与对照组比较,E1组及E2组HR、CO均增加,MAP下降,但差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);E1组及E2组SVR和PAP均下降,且随PGE1使用剂量增加而下降,E1组及E2组患者PAP与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜o.05),仅E2组SVR与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 在处理肝移植新肝期PAP增高和CO降低时,静脉泵注PGE1可作为有效的处理办法.     

帕瑞昔布钠对老年大鼠脾切除术后海马炎症反应及记忆功能的影响

目的：探讨帕瑞昔布对脾切除术后老年大鼠海马炎症反应及短期记忆功能的影响。方法：老年雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠90只,随机分为9组(均n=10)：空白对照组(C组)、麻醉1 d组(A1组)、手术1 d组(O1组)、生理盐水1 d组(S1组)、帕瑞昔布1 d组(P1组)、麻醉3 d组(A3组)、手术3 d组(O3组)、生理盐水3 d组(S3组)、帕瑞昔布3 d组(P3组)。A1和A3组只接受1%戊巴比妥钠腹腔注射麻醉;O1组和O3组麻醉后行脾切除术;P1组和P3组在手术组基础上术前1 h经尾静脉注射10 mg/kg帕瑞昔布钠;S1组、S3组给予等量生理盐水对照。大鼠行穿梭箱训练5 d后进行麻醉、手术及药物处理。术后1和3 d穿梭箱测试结束后处死大鼠,取海马,分别行CD11b免疫荧光染色,测定TNF-α,IL-1β及环氧合酶-2 (cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2) mRNA的表达。结果：与C组比较,O1和O3组电击时间增加,主动逃避时间缩短,主动回避反应(active avoidance reaction,AAR)降低(均P<0.01)。与O1和O3组比较,P1和P3组电击时间缩短,主动逃避时间增加,AAR提高(均P<0.05)。O1,O3,S1和S3组海马小胶质细胞阳性数目和海马TNF-α,IL-1β及COX-2 mRNA表达明显高于C组(均P<0.01),但P1,P3组较O1,O3组明显降低(均P<0.01)。结论：帕瑞昔布可能通过抑制COX-2表达而减轻老年大鼠脾切除术后海马炎症反应,提高短期记忆能力。     

帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛对胸科手术患者麻醉恢复期的影响

目的探讨帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛对胸科手术患者麻醉恢复期的影响。方法择期行开胸手术患者120例,分为三组各40例。A组于手术开始前30 min给予帕瑞昔布钠40 mg,术毕前30分钟给予2 mg/kg曲马多;B组于术毕前30分钟给予2 mg/kg曲马多及2μg/kg舒芬太尼;C组于术毕前30分钟给予2 mg/kg吗啡。三组患者术后均采用芬太尼自控静脉镇痛(PCIA)。观察患者停药后自主呼吸恢复时间(T1)、清醒时间(T2)、拔管时间(T3);患者清醒时对气管导管的耐受性;拔管时及拔管后5、10、20 min血流动力学指标及镇静躁动(Riker SAS)评分;患者术后1 h的视觉模拟评分(VAS)及术后24小时内PCIA次数。结果与B、C组比较,A组患者T1、T2、T3时间明显缩短,且血压、心率更稳定,Riscker SAS评分、VAS评分以及24小时内PCIA次数更低(P<0.05)。结论帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛应用于胸科手术能使患者在麻醉恢复期躁动小,镇痛充分,血流动力学平稳。     

帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术的临床效果评价

目的评价静脉注射帕瑞昔布钠超前镇痛用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术的效果与安全性。方法对60例ASAI～Ⅱ级,择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术的患者随机分为2组:曲马多组(Ⅰ组,n=30),术前30分钟静脉注射200mg曲马多;帕瑞昔布钠组(Ⅱ组,n=30),术前30分钟静脉注射40mg帕瑞昔布纳(特耐)。分别于术后4、8、12、16、20、24h观察BP、HR、疼痛评分VAS(视觉模拟评分法)、Prince Henry评分(PHS)、Ramsay镇静评分及恶心、呕吐、瘙痒、尿潴留等不良反应。结果 VAS、PHS评分两组患者无显著性差异(P>0.05);Ramsay镇静评分在4、8、12h时,Ⅰ组高于Ⅱ组;恶心呕吐、瘙痒、眩晕的发生率Ⅰ组高于Ⅱ组。结论帕瑞昔布钠用于腹腔镜胆囊切除术的患者能够获得与曲马多相同的镇痛效果,无过度镇静情况发生,对患者更安全,且恶心呕吐、眩晕的发生率低,具有临床推广应用价值。     

帕瑞昔布钠对大鼠局灶脑缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的探讨帕瑞昔布钠对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤的影响并通过检测血浆中TXA2、PGI2、PGE2、TNF-α、IL-1β含量来探讨其可能机制.方法雄性SD大鼠48只,随机分为4组(n=12):假手术组(S组),模型组(I/R组),帕瑞昔布钠5 mg/kg处理组(L组),帕瑞昔布钠10mg/kg处理组(H组).线栓法制作大鼠大脑中动脉缺血90 min再灌注24 h模型,L组、H组在缺血30 min前经颈内静脉分别注入经生理盐水等容积稀释的5 mg/kg和10 mg/kg帕瑞昔布钠注射液,S组及I/R组给予等容积生理盐水.在缺血90 min及再灌注24 h行神经功能缺失评分,HE染色观察海马CA1区神经元病理改变,放射免疫法检测血浆中TXA2、PGI2、PGE2、TNF-α、IL-1β含量并计算TXA2/PGI2比值.结果帕瑞昔布钠能显著降低血浆中TXA2、PGE2、TNF-α、IL-1β含量及减小TXA2/PGI2比值,减轻缺血侧海马CA1区损伤,改善大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后神经功能.结论帕瑞昔布钠对局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤具有较好的抗炎保护作用,其机制可能与通过降低血浆TXA2、PGE2、TNF-α、IL-1β含量及减小TXA2/PGI2比值有关.     

含不同浓度乳化异氟醚的停跳液对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of cardioplegic solution containing different concentrations of emulsified isoflurane on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in isolated rat hearts. Methods Fifty-six male SD rats, weighing 180-250 g, were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 20% urethane 1 g/kg and heparin 1 000 U/kg. Their hearts were excised and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus. Fifty-six isolated hearts were randomly divided into 7 groups ( n = 8 each) : St. Thomas cardioplegic solution group (group C) and St. Thomas cardioplegic solution containing 6 different concentrations of emulsified isoflurane groups (group E1-6 ). After 20 min equilibration, cardiac arrest was induced with St. Thomas cardioplegic solution 20 ml and St. Thomas cardioplegic solution containing 0.28, 0.56, 1.12, 1.68, 2.24 and 2.80 mmol/L emulsified isoflurane 20 ml at 4℃for 45 min followed by 60 min reperfusion in group C and E1-6 respectively. HR, left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and + dp/dtmax were recorded at the end of 20 min equilibration, 20, 40 and 60 min of reperfusion. Coronary effluent 1.5 ml was collected for determination of LDH and SOD activity and the concentration of cTnI. At the end of 60 min reperfusion, the area of myocardial infarction was calculated. Results Compared with group C, HR, LVDP, + dp/dtmax and SOD activity were significantly higher, LVEDP, LDH activity and cTnI concentration lower, and the area of myocardial infarction lower in group E4, and HR, LVDP, + dp/dtmax and SOD activity were significantly lower, LVEDP, LDH activity and cTnI concentration higher, and the area of myocardial infarction higher in group E6 and E6 ( P < 0.05) , but there was no significant difference in the above indices between group E1-3 and group C ( P > 0.05) . HR, LVDP, + dp/dtmax and SOD activity were significantly lower, LVEDP, LDH activity and cTnI concentration higher, and the area of myocardial infarction higher in group E1-3-5-6 than in group E4 (P < 0.05 ). Conclusion St. Thomas cardioplegic solution containing 1.68 mmol/L emulsified isoflurane can attenuate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in isolatede rat hearts.     

FloTrac心排量监测系统在泡型肝包虫手术中的应用

目的观察FloTrac心排量监测系统在泡型肝包虫手术中的应用及对患者术后康复的影响。方法 2014年至2016年共纳入70例病例,入选患者依照随机数字表分为两组:A组(n=35),对照组依照有创动、静脉压力来确定术中液体治疗策略;B组(n=35),处理组采用FloTrac心排量监测系统,以SVV、CI等为主要目标参数确定液体治疗策略。记录各组患者血流动力学资料、液体入量、术后胃肠功能恢复情况、平均住院床日等。结果与A组比较,B组患者的一般情况及手术麻醉时间组间比较差异无统计学意义,术中心率、MAP、出血量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);B组患者术中CVP、输液量及尿量低于A组,B组患者术后胃肠功能恢复及平均住院床日优于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论FloTrac心排量监测系统指导下的液体治疗策略应用于泡型肝包虫手术能明显降低患者围术期液体输入量,促进胃肠功能恢复,降低平均住院床日。     

含不同浓度乳化异氟醚的停跳液对大鼠离体心脏缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of cardioplegic solution containing different concentrations of emulsified isoflurane on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in isolated rat hearts. Methods Fifty-six male SD rats, weighing 180-250 g, were anesthetized with intraperitoneal 20% urethane 1 g/kg and heparin 1 000 U/kg. Their hearts were excised and perfused in a Langendorff apparatus. Fifty-six isolated hearts were randomly divided into 7 groups ( n = 8 each) : St. Thomas cardioplegic solution group (group C) and St. Thomas cardioplegic solution containing 6 different concentrations of emulsified isoflurane groups (group E1-6 ). After 20 min equilibration, cardiac arrest was induced with St. Thomas cardioplegic solution 20 ml and St. Thomas cardioplegic solution containing 0.28, 0.56, 1.12, 1.68, 2.24 and 2.80 mmol/L emulsified isoflurane 20 ml at 4℃for 45 min followed by 60 min reperfusion in group C and E1-6 respectively. HR, left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and + dp/dtmax were recorded at the end of 20 min equilibration, 20, 40 and 60 min of reperfusion. Coronary effluent 1.5 ml was collected for determination of LDH and SOD activity and the concentration of cTnI. At the end of 60 min reperfusion, the area of myocardial infarction was calculated. Results Compared with group C, HR, LVDP, + dp/dtmax and SOD activity were significantly higher, LVEDP, LDH activity and cTnI concentration lower, and the area of myocardial infarction lower in group E4, and HR, LVDP, + dp/dtmax and SOD activity were significantly lower, LVEDP, LDH activity and cTnI concentration higher, and the area of myocardial infarction higher in group E6 and E6 ( P < 0.05) , but there was no significant difference in the above indices between group E1-3 and group C ( P > 0.05) . HR, LVDP, + dp/dtmax and SOD activity were significantly lower, LVEDP, LDH activity and cTnI concentration higher, and the area of myocardial infarction higher in group E1-3-5-6 than in group E4 (P < 0.05 ). Conclusion St. Thomas cardioplegic solution containing 1.68 mmol/L emulsified isoflurane can attenuate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in isolatede rat hearts.