吸入一氧化碳对大鼠脑死亡致肺损伤的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of carbon monoxide (CO) inhalation on lung injury induced by brain death (BD) in rats. Methods Adult male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g were used in this study. The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital sodium 60 mg/kg, tracheostomized and mechanically ventilated (VT 10 ml/kg, RR 50 bpm, PEEP 2 cm H2O). A balloon-tip catheter was placed in the cranium. Twenty-four rats in which Fogarty catheter was successfully placed in the cranium without complication were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 8 each) : group I sham operation (group S) ; group II BD and group Ⅲ BDCO. BD was induced by increase in intracranial pressure produced by inflating the balloon at the tip of the catheter. In group S the balloon of the catheter was not inflated. The animals inhaled 40% O2 for 150 min. In group BD, BD was induced and confirmed at 30 min after inflation of the balloon. Then 40% O2 was inhaled for 120 min. In group BDCO, 40% O2 and 0.025% CO were inhaled for 120 min after BD was confirmed at 30 min after balloon inflation. At the end of the experiment the animals were killed. Arterial blood samples were obtained for blood gas analysis before anesthesia (basline), immediately after confirmation of BD, and at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min of CO inhalation. Blood was collected for determination of plasma TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations at 120 min of CO inhalation. The lungs were obtained for determination of W/D lung weight ratio, and MPO activity in the lung tissue and microscopic examination. Lung injury scores were calculated. Results PaO2/FiO2 was stable during the 150 min in group S. Brain death significantly decreased PaO2/FiO2 at 30 min after balloon inflation. PaO2/FiO2 was gradually decreasing during the 120 min in group BD. CO inhalation prevented PaO2/FiO2 from decreasing further. W/D lung weight ratio and MPO activity were significantly higher in group BD than in group S and BDCO. The lung injury score (1 = normal, 4= severely injured) and plasma TNF-αα IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations were significantly higher in group BD than in group S. CO inhalation ameliorated the BD-induced lung injury and attenuated the increase in plasma TNF-a and IL-6 concentration. Plasma IL-10 concentration was significantly higher in group BDCO than in group BD. Conclusion CO inhalation can ameliorate acute lung injury induced by BD through decreasing the local and systemic inflammatory response.     

普瑞巴林联合超激光照射治疗糖尿病神经病理性疼痛的临床疗效观察

目的:观察普瑞巴林联合超激光照射治疗糖尿病神经病理性疼痛的疗效和安全性。方法:60例下肢糖尿病神经病理性疼痛患者随机均分为普瑞巴林低剂量组(A组,150 mg/d)、普瑞巴林高剂量组(B组,300 mg/d)、低剂量联合超激光照射组(C组)和高剂量联合超激光照射组(D组)。联合组在药物治疗基础上每日行超激光照射一次,4周后停止超激光治疗,各组患者继续按原剂量及方法服用普瑞巴林4周后随访。观察治疗前、治疗2周、4周及8周时疼痛视觉模拟评分(visualanalogue scale,VAS)变化及不良反应。结果:四组患者治疗2周及4周后VAS均明显降低(P<0.05),且B、C两组的VAS评分均较A组低(P<0.05),较D组高(P<0.05);B、C两组VAS评分差异无统计学意义。治疗8周时VAS评分较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),同剂量普瑞巴林组VAS评分差异无统计学意义。不良反应主要为眩晕和嗜睡。B、D两组总不良反应发生率高于A、C组(P<0.05)。B组和D组,A组和C组比较,总不良反应发生率无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:超激光照射可作为普瑞巴林治疗糖尿病神经病理性疼痛的一种辅助手段,近期效果较好。     

臭氧对糖尿病神经病理性疼痛大鼠的镇痛作用

目的:探讨臭氧皮下注射对糖尿病神经病理性疼痛大鼠的镇痛作用。方法:Wistar大鼠,单次腹腔注射链脲菌素65 mg/kg,同时给予高糖高脂饮食复制糖尿病神经病理性疼痛模型。造模2周后,将20只模型大鼠随机均分为糖尿病神经病理性疼痛组(DNP组)和臭氧治疗组(O3组),另取同时饲养的10只大鼠作为对照组(C组)。O3组于模型成功后6周内每3天进行一次皮下臭氧注射(35μg/ml,0.5 ml),其余两组同样时间点注射同剂量空气。在气体注射前、注射后第2、4和6周分别测定大鼠右后足缩足反应阈值(paw withdraw threshold,PWT)、热缩足潜伏期(paw withdraw latency,PWL)、运动神经传导速度(motor nerve conduction velocity,MNCV)和感觉神经传导速度(sensorynerve conduction velocity,SNCV)。结果:与C组比较,DNP组大鼠在第2周末,PWT和PWL明显低于C组(P<0.05),差异有统计学意义。O3组在第2、4、6周注射臭氧后PWT和PWL显著升高,同时MNCV和SNCV也有显著升高(P<0.05)。结论:35μg/ml臭氧皮下注射可减轻DNP大鼠后足PWT、PWL,改善MNCV和SNCV,对糖尿病神经病理性疼痛大鼠有镇痛作用。     

氢气对肺移植保护机制的研究进展

正当前肺移植是治疗终末期肺疾病的最终方案,但其长期存活率和成功率都偏低。其中肺缺血再灌注损伤(lung ischemia reperfusion injury,LIRI)是影响预后的关键因素。氢气作为一种新型绿色能源和能量储存媒介,已广泛用于深海潜水和烧伤的治疗中。此外,氢气对心、脑、肾等器官的氧化应激损伤也具有保护作用:可通过抗炎症反应、抗氧化应激、抗凋亡、稳定线粒体、保护细胞等机制保护器官功能。氢气对肺移植相关损伤的研究仍处于初级阶段,本文就氢气对肺移植保护的可能机制进行综述。     

吸入一氧化碳对大鼠脑死亡致肺损伤的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of carbon monoxide (CO) inhalation on lung injury induced by brain death (BD) in rats. Methods Adult male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g were used in this study. The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital sodium 60 mg/kg, tracheostomized and mechanically ventilated (VT 10 ml/kg, RR 50 bpm, PEEP 2 cm H2O). A balloon-tip catheter was placed in the cranium. Twenty-four rats in which Fogarty catheter was successfully placed in the cranium without complication were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n = 8 each) : group I sham operation (group S) ; group II BD and group Ⅲ BDCO. BD was induced by increase in intracranial pressure produced by inflating the balloon at the tip of the catheter. In group S the balloon of the catheter was not inflated. The animals inhaled 40% O2 for 150 min. In group BD, BD was induced and confirmed at 30 min after inflation of the balloon. Then 40% O2 was inhaled for 120 min. In group BDCO, 40% O2 and 0.025% CO were inhaled for 120 min after BD was confirmed at 30 min after balloon inflation. At the end of the experiment the animals were killed. Arterial blood samples were obtained for blood gas analysis before anesthesia (basline), immediately after confirmation of BD, and at 30, 60, 90 and 120 min of CO inhalation. Blood was collected for determination of plasma TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations at 120 min of CO inhalation. The lungs were obtained for determination of W/D lung weight ratio, and MPO activity in the lung tissue and microscopic examination. Lung injury scores were calculated. Results PaO2/FiO2 was stable during the 150 min in group S. Brain death significantly decreased PaO2/FiO2 at 30 min after balloon inflation. PaO2/FiO2 was gradually decreasing during the 120 min in group BD. CO inhalation prevented PaO2/FiO2 from decreasing further. W/D lung weight ratio and MPO activity were significantly higher in group BD than in group S and BDCO. The lung injury score (1 = normal, 4= severely injured) and plasma TNF-αα IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations were significantly higher in group BD than in group S. CO inhalation ameliorated the BD-induced lung injury and attenuated the increase in plasma TNF-a and IL-6 concentration. Plasma IL-10 concentration was significantly higher in group BDCO than in group BD. Conclusion CO inhalation can ameliorate acute lung injury induced by BD through decreasing the local and systemic inflammatory response.     

自制可调式异型气管导管固定器在小儿扁桃腺摘除术中的应用

异型气管导管适用于口咽部手术病人的呼吸道管理,导管一般采用医用胶布固定于面颊。但导管的口咽部分靠近扁桃腺,直接影响手术的操作,同时手术过程中,由于导管固定胶布粘帖不牢、手术操作调整气管导管位置、麻醉过浅、病人呛咳等原因,可能导致导管脱出声门,发现和处理不及时将危及病人生命。本课题设计了可调式异型气管导管固定器,目的是既可牢固固定气管导管,又可根据需要在术中调整导管在口腔内的位置,便于手术操作。现将本固定器的结构、操作方法以及其在慢性扁桃腺摘除术中的应用情况介绍如下。     

低压复苏对非控制性出血性休克的作用

目前国内外的动物实验和部分临床研究结果显示，低压复苏是治疗非控制性出血性休克较为合理的方案，但还没有人从增加血容量，减少应激反应引起的血管收缩、改善组织微循环氧供方面进行研究。本研究拟观察低压及低压扩容复苏对腹腔实质脏器损伤非控制性出血性休克的治疗效果。     

星状神经节阻滞治疗植物神经功能紊乱的甲襞微循环改变

目的观察星状神经节阻滞 (stellateganglionicblock,SGB)治疗植物神经功能紊乱前后甲襞微循环的变化情况。方法按照CCMD诊断标准选取39例植物神经功能紊乱患者作为观察对象 ,均为女性 ,年龄(40.72±10.29)岁。用1.5 %利多卡因6ml进行SGB治疗 ,在治疗前30min和治疗后10min分别测量甲襞血管襻管径及流速的变化 ,并对甲襞微循环的血管形态、血液流态和管周状态进行评分。结果SGB治疗后 ,甲襞血管襻的输入枝管径、输出枝管径、襻顶管径及输入枝襻长均较治疗前显著增加(P<0.05) ,血液流速与治疗前比较无显著差异 (P>0.05) ,血管形态积分增加(P<0.01),血液流态积分减少(P<0.05),管周状态积分和总积分无显著改变。结论本实验结果显示植物神经功能紊乱患者治疗前的甲襞微循环总积分大于2 ,提示甲襞微循环障碍 ;SGB可以增加甲襞微循环血流量。