软性角膜接触镜配戴者相关知识及行为的调查分析

目的探讨配戴软性角膜接触镜(soft contact lens,SCL)者对相关知识及行为状况。方法对200名在本院眼科门诊就诊的SCL配戴者进行SCL相关知识及行为问卷调查,了解SCL配戴者相关知识及行为状况。结果 200名SCL配戴者中73.50%未做眼专科检查直接配戴SCL,18.00%坚持定期复查,87.00%佩戴者不清楚配戴SCL的禁忌症;配戴者对SCL屈光度的选择、分辨镜片正反面知识掌握较好;<6个月组(初戴者)在手部清洁、镜片检查、配戴镜片、镜片清洁4方面戴镜行为正确率明显低于≥6个月组,中专及以下组在使用时间长、戴镜睡觉、手部清洁、镜片清洁4方面戴镜行为正确率明显低于大专及以上组,两组比较,均P<0.05,差异具有统计学意义。结论 SCL配戴者对相关知识了解较少,配戴行为有待改善,尤其初戴和学历较低者。     

老年人健康行为能力现状及影响因素的调查

目的了解老年人健康行为能力现状,探讨其影响因素。方法采用一般情况调查问卷及健康行为能力自评量表(self-rated abilities for health practices scale,SRAHP)对300名老年人进行调查。结果老年人SRAHP总均分为(54.29±22.80)分。年龄、居住地、文化程度、经济状况、健康状况自我评价是影响老年人SRAHP的主要影响因素(均P<0.001)。结论老年人SRAHP呈中等偏低水平,开展针对影响因素的护理干预有利于提高老年人SRAHP水平,从根本上提高老年人的生活质量。     

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Epoetin Alfa in Community Oncology Practices

Purpose: This retrospective case-series review studied the effectiveness of epoetin alfa in community oncology practices, which until now has not been well documented.

Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 118 cancer patients treated between 1999 and 2001 with cyclic chemotherapy plus epoetin alfa in 27 US community-based oncology practices. Two analysis sets were examined: one including all patients (n=118) and one including only those patients with no concurrent events impacting hemoglobin data interpretation (n=73). Efficacy of epoetin alfa was evaluated by hemoglobin response (a≥2 g/dl increase in hemoglobin from baseline) at weeks 12 and 16, the time to hemoglobin response, and change in hemoglobin concentrations from baseline at specific time points.

Results: After 12 weeks of treatment, 43% (95% confidence interval [CI], 33-54%) of patients had a hemoglobin response, and the proportion of responders further rose to 61% (95% CI, 49-72%) after 16 weeks. The median time to response was 92 days (lower 95% confidence limit, 74 days; upper bound not estimable). Hemoglobin increased from baseline at all time points evaluated during epoetin alfa treatment, with a mean increase of 1.1 g/dl (95% CI, 0.77-1.4 g/dl) by the last observation.

Conclusion: These results indicate that epoetin alfa is effective in community practice, but most patients take longer than 3 months to respond. Because slow responses may negatively impact on the quality of life in these patients, alternative treatment approaches providing faster and perhaps better responses may provide greater clinical benefit.     

两种吸痰方法对提高老年危重患者吸痰效果和血氧饱和度的影响

目的探讨两种吸痰方法对提高老年危重患者吸痰效果和血氧饱和度的影响。方法按入院先后次序将60例老年危重患者分为实验组和对照组,每组各30例,实验组患者采用口咽通气管吸痰方法,对照组患者采用经口、鼻腔吸痰方法,比较两组吸痰效果和血氧饱和度的差异。结果两组吸痰效果和血氧饱和度比较,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.05),口咽通气管吸痰方法效果优于口、鼻腔吸痰方法。结论经口咽通气管吸痰法既能保证老年危重患者呼吸道分泌物的充分吸出,又能提高血氧饱和度,值得临床推广使用。     

新会地区高考青少年高血压患病率状况及其相关因素分析

目的探讨新会地区高考青少年高血压患病率状况及其相关因素。方法 2012年4月对新会地区12所中学参加高考的6259名16～21岁青少年进行身高、体重、血压身体检查,了解高考青少年高血压患病率及其相关影响因素。结果本次共检出高血压558名,占8.9%;男、女体质指数(body mass index,BMI)分别与收缩压(systolic pressure,SP)及舒张压(diastolicpressure,DP)呈正相关(均P<0.01);在超重和肥胖组,男性高血压分别为16.2%和21.0%,明显高于一般体重组的8.5%;女性高血压分别为11.6%和22.4%,明显高于一般体重组的7.1%(均P<0.01);logistic多因素回归分析显示,BMI、城镇生是高血压的危险因子。结论新会地区16～21岁参加高考青少年高血压患病率较高。高血压患病率与BMI呈正相关,超重和肥胖者患高血压危险性可能增加;城镇考生较农村考生更易患高血压。     

中西医医院急诊护士职业倦怠的调查分析

目的探讨中西医医院急诊护士职业倦怠的现状,并提出相应的对策。方法采用护士职业倦怠量表(nuresing bum out scale,NBS)简化量表对20名中医院急诊科护士和18名西医院急诊科护士进行调查。结果中医院护士职业常见压力源、护士职业倦怠及其生理、心理症状得分较西医院护士高,两者比较,差异具有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论中医院急诊科护士较西医院护士更易产生职业倦怠,原因可能与培训、排班等有关。关注急诊科护士的人格发展与身心健康,提升护士的职业认同感与幸福感,对于稳定护理队伍,提高护理工作质量具有重要的意义。     

Ferguson手术治疗婴幼儿发育性髋脱位的术后护理

目的探讨Ferguson手术治疗婴幼儿发育性髋脱位的术后护理方法。方法对34例发育性髋脱位患儿Ferguson术后做好伤口渗血的观察和处理,皮肤护理,人类位石膏的护理以及家属的指导。结果 34例患儿无1例发生再脱位和压疮。1例发生造影剂过敏,1例发生石膏综合征,6例会阴部水肿,经治疗症状好转。结论严密的病情观察可及时发现术后护理问题,同时采取积极和针对性的护理措施,对于降低患儿术后并发症,保证手术成功具有重要意义。