Synergy in IR–Hybrid CT/C-arm in the setting of critical trauma

Emergency Radiology - Access to multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) scanning for interventional procedures can prove to be logistically challenging as resources are often in different areas...     

Technique of flap elevation for robot assisted selective neck dissection via retroauricular approach: a surgeon’s guide

Journal of Robotic Surgery - The retroauricular approach is being increasingly used in surgeries of head and neck in an attempt to avoid a disfiguring scar over the face or neck. The elevation of...     

Onychocryptosis – decrypting the controversies

Onychocryptosis, or ingrown toenail, is a frequent, painful condition affecting young individuals. Controversies still exist regarding its etiopathogenesis and treatment options, including conservative and surgical techniques. The choice of treatment method depends on the stage of disease as conservative measures are mostly effective in early stages and surgical procedures are required in the later stages. Among surgical techniques, phenol cauterization of lateral nail matrix has been the most effective, safe, and commonly performed method. Other more destructive surgical procedures are rarely done nowadays. In this review, we briefly discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, and different treatment options of ingrown toenail.     

Influence of acute and chronic kidney failure in rats on the disposition and pharmacokinetics of ZYAN1, a novel prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor,for the treatment of chronic kidney disease-induced anemia

1.?ZYAN1 is a prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor in clinical development for treatment of anemia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We evaluated the effect of acute and chronic kidney impairment on the pharmacokinetics of ZYAN1 in rat models.

2.?Cisplatin (2.5, 5 and 7.5?mg/kg) was used to induce acute kidney injury (AKI), and five-sixth and total nephrectomy was used to induce chronic kidney injury (CKI) in male Wistar rats. All groups received a single 15?mg/kg oral dose of ZYAN1. Blood/urine samples were analyzed for ZYAN1 to assess peak concentration (C_max), area under the concentration–time curve (AUC_inf), total body clearance (CL/F) and elimination half-life (T_1/2).

3.?C_max and AUC_inf were not significantly different in the various AKI groups or in five-sixth nephrectomized rats, as compared to control rats. Recovery of ZYAN1 in urine was reduced; the impact on the CL/F was minimal. There was a 2-fold increase in AUC_inf with reduction in CL/F in total nephrectomized rats. T_1/2 was longer for ZYAN1 in the severe AKI/five-sixth nephrectomy rats and total nephrectomy rats as compared to control rats.

4.?Based on the rodent data it may be inferred that PK of ZYAN1 in CKD patients may be minimally affected.