全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2667篇 |
免费 | 137篇 |
国内免费 | 17篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 34篇 |
儿科学 | 30篇 |
妇产科学 | 17篇 |
基础医学 | 329篇 |
口腔科学 | 16篇 |
临床医学 | 148篇 |
内科学 | 801篇 |
皮肤病学 | 34篇 |
神经病学 | 216篇 |
特种医学 | 99篇 |
外科学 | 446篇 |
综合类 | 15篇 |
预防医学 | 49篇 |
眼科学 | 10篇 |
药学 | 219篇 |
中国医学 | 6篇 |
肿瘤学 | 352篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 19篇 |
2022年 | 14篇 |
2021年 | 61篇 |
2020年 | 43篇 |
2019年 | 40篇 |
2018年 | 57篇 |
2017年 | 36篇 |
2016年 | 62篇 |
2015年 | 62篇 |
2014年 | 72篇 |
2013年 | 92篇 |
2012年 | 160篇 |
2011年 | 179篇 |
2010年 | 104篇 |
2009年 | 78篇 |
2008年 | 161篇 |
2007年 | 175篇 |
2006年 | 168篇 |
2005年 | 180篇 |
2004年 | 176篇 |
2003年 | 175篇 |
2002年 | 152篇 |
2001年 | 35篇 |
2000年 | 28篇 |
1999年 | 51篇 |
1998年 | 37篇 |
1997年 | 37篇 |
1996年 | 38篇 |
1995年 | 36篇 |
1994年 | 35篇 |
1993年 | 26篇 |
1992年 | 22篇 |
1991年 | 21篇 |
1990年 | 11篇 |
1989年 | 13篇 |
1988年 | 22篇 |
1987年 | 11篇 |
1986年 | 16篇 |
1985年 | 18篇 |
1984年 | 13篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 17篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 9篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有2821条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Ryuichi Iwakiri Kiyohito Tanaka Takuji Gotoda Shiro Oka Takao Ohtsuka Yasuhisa Sakata Toshimi Chiba Kazuhide Higuchi Hironori Masuyama Ryoichi Nozaki Koji Matsuda Nobuyuki Shimono Kazuma Fujimoto Hisao Tajiri 《Digestive endoscopy》2019,31(5):477-497
As part of the activities toward standardizing endoscopy procedures, the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society has prepared guidelines for cleansing and disinfection of gastrointestinal endoscopes. The environment of gastrointestinal endoscopy differs between Japan and advanced Western countries. In advanced Western countries, gastrointestinal endoscopy is performed almost exclusively at specialized facilities, where strict provisions are observed for cleansing and disinfecting endoscopes. In Japan, however, gastrointestinal endoscopy is performed even in small clinics, and the annual number of gastrointestinal endoscopy cases is enormous. In addition, the method for cleansing and disinfecting endoscopes differs among hospitals. Although there is a distinct lack of evidence for how gastrointestinal endoscopes are cleaned and disinfected, it is necessary to standardize the method for doing so to advance the field of endoscopic medicine. 相似文献
2.
Manabu Fujimoto Jun Asai Yoshihide Asano Takayuki Ishii Yohei Iwata Tamihiro Kawakami Masanari Kodera Masatoshi Abe Masahiro Amano Ryuta Ikegami Taiki Isei Zenzo Isogai Takaaki Ito Yuji Inoue Ryokichi Irisawa Masaki Ohtsuka Yoichi Omoto Hiroshi Kato Takafumi Kadono Sakae Kaneko Hiroyuki Kanoh Masakazu Kawaguchi Ryuichi Kukino Takeshi Kono Monji Koga Keisuke Sakai Eiichi Sakurai Yasuko Sarayama Yoichi Shintani Miki Tanioka Hideaki Tanizaki Jun Tsujita Naotaka Doi Takeshi Nakanishi Akira Hashimoto Minoru Hasegawa Masahiro Hayashi Kuninori Hirosaki Hideki Fujita Hiroshi Fujiwara Takeo Maekawa Koma Matsuo Naoki Madokoro Sei-Ichiro Motegi Hiroshi Yatsushiro Osamu Yamasaki Yuichiro Yoshino Andres James LE Pavoux Takao Tachibana Hironobu Ihn Japanese Dermatological Association Guidelines 《The Journal of dermatology》2020,47(10):1071-1109
The Japanese Dermatological Association prepared guidelines focused on the treatment of skin ulcers associated with connective tissue disease/vasculitis practical in clinical settings of dermatological care. Skin ulcers associated with connective tissue diseases or vasculitis occur on the background of a wide variety of diseases including, typically, systemic sclerosis but also systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), dermatomyositis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), various vasculitides and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS). Therefore, in preparing the present guidelines, we considered diagnostic/therapeutic approaches appropriate for each of these disorders to be necessary and developed algorithms and clinical questions for systemic sclerosis, SLE, dermatomyositis, RA, vasculitis and APS. 相似文献
3.
Relationship between periodontal disease status and combination of biochemical assays of gingival crevicular fluid 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Hanioka T Matsuse R Shigemoto Y Ojima M Shizukuishi S 《Journal of periodontal research》2005,40(4):331-338
BACKGROUND: Currently, no biochemical assay involving gingival crevicular fluid is utilized routinely as a screening test for periodontal disease. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential of gingival crevicular fluid assay as a screening methodology. METHODS: The subject population was comprised of 27 volunteers. Nine participants were classified as 'subject with periodontal destruction' (SPD) exhibiting at least one site with pocket depth and attachment loss>3.5 mm, whereas the remaining individuals were categorized as 'subject with minimal periodontal destruction' (SMD). Gingival crevicular fluid was collected from fixed sites via a standardized method. Biochemical assays of 12 substances (hemoglobin, albumin, transferrin, alpha(1)-antitrypsin, fibronectin, IgA, IgG, IgM, lactoferrin, myeloperoxidase and neutrophil elastase) were conducted at a commercial laboratory. Power transformation of total quantities in gingival crevicular fluid was performed for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Relationships between total quantity of each substance and periodontal disease status were unclear. Logistic regression analysis yielded six predictive models, which consisted of substance pairs: neutrophil elastase/IgA, neutrophil elastase/hemoglobin, neutrophil elastase/alpha(1)-antitrypsin and neutrophil elastase/IgG, and IgA/albumin and IgA/transferrin (p<0.05). Regression lines for SPD and SMD on a scattergram of IgA and neutrophil elastase were nearly parallel within the range of amounts in gingival crevicular fluid. The predictive model derived from both substances afforded sensitivity and specificity of 88% and 94%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicated that the combination of IgA and neutrophil elastase in gingival crevicular fluid may be crucial for prediction of periodontal disease status. Furthermore, these data suggested that biochemical assays employing both substances in gingival crevicular fluid may provide a satisfactory screening test for periodontal disease. 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
Takashi Ando Yuichi Riku Akio Akagi Hiroaki Miyahara Mitsuaki Hirano Toshimasa Ikeda Hiroyuki Yabata Ryuichi Koizumi Chisato Oba Saori Morozumi Keizo Yasui Atsuko Goto Taiji Katayama Satoko Sakakibara Ikuko Aiba Motoko Sakai Masaaki Konagaya Keiko Mori Yasuhiro Ito Hiroyuki Yuasa Masayo Nomura Kristine Joyce L. Porto Jun Mitsui Shoji Tsuji Maya Mimuro Yoshio Hashizume Masahisa Katsuno Yasushi Iwasaki Mari Yoshida 《Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland)》2022,32(1):e13002
The striatonigral and olivopontocerebellar systems are known to be vulnerable in multiple system atrophy (MSA), showing neuronal loss, astrogliosis, and alpha-synuclein-immunoreactive inclusions. MSA patients who displayed abundant neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (NCIs) in the regions other than the striatonigral or olivopontocerebellar system have occasionally been diagnosed with variants of MSA. In this study, we report clinical and pathologic findings of MSA patients characterized by prominent pathologic involvement of the hippocampus. We assessed 146 consecutively autopsied MSA patients. Semi-quantitative analysis of anti-alpha-synuclein immunohistochemistry revealed that 12 of 146 patients (8.2%) had severe NCIs in two or more of the following areas: the hippocampal granule cells, cornu ammonis areas, parahippocampal gyrus, and amygdala. In contrast, the remaining 134 patients did not show severe NCIs in any of these regions. Patients with severe hippocampal involvement showed a higher representation of women (nine women/three men; Fisher's exact test, p = 0.0324), longer disease duration (13.1 ± 5.9 years; Mann–Whitney U-test, p = 0.000157), higher prevalence of cognitive impairment (four patients; Fisher's exact test, p = 0.0222), and lower brain weight (1070.3 ± 168.6 g; Mann–Whitney U-test, p = 0.00911) than other patients. The hippocampal granule cells and cornu ammonis area 1/subiculum almost always showed severe NCIs. The NCIs appeared to be ring-shaped or neurofibrillary tangle-like, fibrous configurations. Three of 12 patients also had dense, round-shaped NCIs that were morphologically similar to pick bodies. The patients with Pick body-like inclusions showed more severe atrophy of the medial temporal lobes and broader spreading of NCIs than those without. Immunohistochemistry for hyperphosphorylated tau and phosphorylated TDP-43 revealed minimal aggregations in the hippocampus of the hippocampal MSA patients. Our observations suggest a pathological variant of MSA that is characterized by severe involvement of hippocampal neurons. This phenotype may reinforce the importance of neuronal alpha-synucleinopathy in the pathogenesis of MSA. 相似文献
7.
Kuroiwa Y Nagamachi S Miyati T Yamaguchi K Nishii R Kuga N Azuma T Arita H Maeda M Tamura S Kawai K 《Annals of nuclear medicine》2012,26(2):147-163
Objective
The aim is to compare and evaluate the agreement of quantification of left ventricular functional parameters obtained by two different methods, 99mTc-tetrofosmin gated myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS) and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR).Methods
Ten healthy male volunteers participated. Gated MPS data were acquired using 32 frames, which were also combined into 16- and 8-frame data set for the investigation. Gated CMR data were acquired using 8, 16 and 32-frame for the different sets. All examinations were conducted in resting and at exercise conditions. Quantitative measurements of end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), peak ejection rate (PER), peak filling rate (PFR) and time to peak filling (TTPF) were done for each study, respectively. Finally, we evaluated the concordance of parameters between gated MPS and gated CMR by % difference and Bland?CAltman plot analysis.Results
LVEF showed favorable concordance in both rest and exercise conditions (% differences were around 10%). PER, PFR and TTPF also showed good concordances in rest conditions, under 32-frame gated collections particularly (% differences were around 10%). In exercise conditions, although the concordances were relatively good, certain variances were noted (% differences were around 20?C25%). Regarding left ventricular volumes, the concordance were worse in both conditions (% differences were around 30?C40%).Conclusions
In quantifying of left ventricular function parameter, gated CMR provides similar quantitative values comparing with gated MPS except for ventricular volumes in rest conditions. In contrast, there were certain variations except for LVEF in exercised examinations. When we follow patients by the same cardiac parameters with CMR and MPS, using parameters across the two modalities proved to be possible under rest condition. However, it is limited at exercise condition. 相似文献8.
Shuntaro Kouda Ryuichi Kuwahara Masaru Ohara Masanobu Shigeta Tamaki Fujiwara Hitoshi Komatsuzawa Tsuguru Usui Motoyuki Sugai 《Journal of infection and chemotherapy》2007,13(4):276-277
We report here the first isolation in Japan of a carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain that carries the metallo-β-lactamase gene bla
IMP-7. This isolate revealed high-level resistance to all of the tested antibiotics except for piperacillin, showing a multidrug-resistant
phenotype. 相似文献
9.
Interferon-alpha and interleukin-12 are induced differentially by Toll-like receptor 7 ligands in human blood dendritic cell subsets 总被引:25,自引:0,他引:25 下载免费PDF全文
Ito T Amakawa R Kaisho T Hemmi H Tajima K Uehira K Ozaki Y Tomizawa H Akira S Fukuhara S 《The Journal of experimental medicine》2002,195(11):1507-1512
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in the immune responses against infections by sensing microbial invasion through toll-like receptors (TLRs). In humans, two distinct DC subsets, CD11c(-) plasmacytoid DCs (PDCs) and CD11c(+) myeloid DCs (MDCs), have been identified and can respond to different TLR ligands, depending on the differential expression of cognate TLRs. In this study, we have examined the effect of TLR-7 ligands on human DC subsets. Both subsets expressed TLR-7 and could respond to TLR-7 ligands, which enhanced the survival of the subsets and upregulated the surface expression of costimulatory molecules such as CD40, CD80, and CD86. However, the cytokine induction pattern was distinct in that PDCs and MDCs produced interferon (IFN)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-12, respectively. In response to TLR-7 ligands, the Th1 cell supporting ability of both DC subsets was enhanced, depending on the cytokines the respective subsets produced. This study demonstrates that TLR-7 exerts its biological effect in a DC subset-specific manner. 相似文献
10.
Furuya R Kumagai H Miyata T Fukasawa H Isobe S Kinoshita N Hishida A 《Clinical and experimental nephrology》2012,16(3):421-426