Protective Effects of a Hydrogen-Rich Preservation Solution in a Canine Lung Transplantation Model

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Combined administration of lauric acid and glucose improved cancer‐derived cardiac atrophy in a mouse cachexia model

Cancer‐derived myocardial damage is an important cause of death in cancer patients. However, the development of dietary interventions for treating such damage has not been advanced. Here, we investigated the effect of dietary intervention with lauric acid (LAA) and glucose, which was effective against skeletal muscle sarcopenia in a mouse cachexia model, on myocardial damage. Treatment of H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts with lauric acid promoted mitochondrial respiration and increased ATP production by Seahorse flux analysis, but did not increase oxidative stress. Glycolysis was also promoted by LAA. In contrast, mitochondrial respiration and ATP production were suppressed, and oxidative stress was increased in an in vitro cachexia model in which cardiomyoblasts were treated with mouse cachexia ascites. Ascites‐treated H9c2 cells with concurrent treatment with LAA and high glucose showed that mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis were promoted more than that of the control, and ATP was restored to the level of the control. Oxidative stress was also reduced by the combined treatment. In the mouse cachexia model, myocardiac atrophy and decreased levels of a marker of muscle maturity, SDS‐soluble MYL1, were observed. When LAA in CE‐2 diet was orally administered alone, no significant rescue was observed in the cancer‐derived myocardial disorder. In contrast, combined oral administration of LAA and glucose recovered myocardial atrophy and MYL1 to levels observed in the control without increase in the cancer weight. Therefore, it is suggested that dietary intervention using a combination of LAA and glucose for cancer cachexia might improve cancer‐derived myocardial damage.     

Immobilization of simulated reducing agent at the surface of SiO2 fillers in dental composite resins

To reduce the leachability of reducing agents from composite resins, immobilization of a simulated reducing agent at the surface of SiO2 fillers was examined. SiO2 plates were immersed in 2% 3-aminopropyltriethoxy silane/ethanol solution, and then immersed in dimethyl sulfoxide with 0.25 wt% 4-dimethyl amino benzoic acid (DMABA), 2.0 wt% 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride, and 0.5 wt% N-hydroxysuccinimide. Wide-scan spectrum of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy did not detect carbon contamination. However, narrow scan detected an O=C-N peak at 399.8 eV, suggesting that DMABA could be immobilized on silane-coupled SiO2 plates. Further, surface plasmon resonance analysis indicated the adsorption of MMA at the surface of reducing agent-immobilized plate.     

High prevalence of Helicobacter pylori detected by PCR in the oral cavities of periodontitis patients

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori has been associated with the development of peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. Although it may be transmitted through the oral cavity, it is unknown whether the oral cavity acts as a permanent reservoir for this bacterium. The purpose of this study was to use nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to clarify whether the oral cavity acts as a reservoir for H. pylori. METHODS: The existence of H. pylori in the oral cavity was determined by nested PCR in 57 subjects and by culture method in 18 subjects. The presence of periodontopathic bacteria was also determined by 16S rRNA-based PCR method. RESULTS: Although H. pylori was rarely detected in the oral cavity by culture technique, it was frequently detected (35.1%) by nested PCR in the oral cavity, especially among periodontitis patients who had the bacterium in the gastrointestinal tract (46.4%). Among the subjects who harbored H. pylori in the stomach or duodenum, 41.2% of patients with periodontal pockets > or = 4 mm and 9.1% of subjects without pockets showed H. pylori in dental plaque, although a statistically significant difference was not observed. One patient who had periodontal pockets retained H. pylori in the oral cavity even after eradication of the bacterium from the stomach and duodenum. Most (8/10) of the patients who had H. pylori in dental plaque harbored Bacteroides forsythus in their oral cavities. CONCLUSION: Close attention should be given to periodontitis patients who harbor H. pylori in the oral cavity.     

Factors associated with the stability of titanium screws placed in the posterior region for orthodontic anchorage.

Recently, implant anchors such as titanium screws have been used for absolute anchorage during edgewise treatment. However, there have been few human studies reporting on the stability of implant anchors placed in the posterior region. The purpose of this study was to examine the success rates and to find the factors associated with the stability of titanium screws placed into the buccal alveolar bone of the posterior region. Fifty-one patients with malocclusions, 134 titanium screws of 3 types, and 17 miniplates were retrospectively examined in relation to clinical characteristics. The 1-year success rate of screws with 1.0-mm diameter was significantly less than that of other screws with 1.5-mm or 2.3-mm diameter or than that of miniplates. Flap surgery was associated with the patient's discomfort. A high mandibular plane angle and inflammation of peri-implant tissue after implantation were risk factors for mobility of screws. However, we could not detect a significant association between the success rate and the following variables: screw length, kind of placement surgery, immediate loading, location of implantation, age, gender, crowding of teeth, anteroposterior jaw base relationship, controlled periodontitis, and temporomandibular disorder symptoms. We concluded that the diameter of a screw of 1.0 mm or less, inflammation of the peri-implant tissue, and a high mandibular plane angle (ie, thin cortical bone), were associated with the mobility (ie, failure) of the titanium screw placed into the buccal alveolar bone of the posterior region for orthodontic anchorage.     

Prevalence of periodontopathic bacteria in aggressive periodontitis patients in a Japanese population

BACKGROUND: Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is considered a major etiologic agent of aggressive periodontitis. Other periodontopathic bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis are also suspected of participating in aggressive periodontitis, although the evidence is controversial. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of periodontopathic bacteria and to clarify the microbiological features of aggressive periodontitis in Japanese patients. METHODS: Subgingival plaque was collected from 50 aggressive periodontitis (AgP) patients (localized 10, generalized 40). Samples from 35 generalized chronic periodontitis (CP) patients and 18 healthy subjects were examined as controls. Plaque samples were examined using culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. RESULTS: The prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans was relatively low in the localized (20%) and generalized (17.5%) AgP patients, with no significant difference observed in detection frequencies between AgP and the control groups (CP 8.6%, healthy 0%). On the other hand, Tannerella forsythensis (formerly Bacteroides forsythus), Campylobacter rectus, P. gingivalis, and Treponema denticola were frequently detected in localized as well as generalized aggressive periodontitis patients. The prevalence and proportion of P. gingivalis correlated with severity of clinical attachment loss in both localized and generalized aggressive periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS: T. forsythensis, C. rectus, P. gingivalis, and T. denticola were the predominant periodontopathic bacteria of aggressive periodontitis patients in Japan. Although A. actinomycetem- comitans was also detected in AgP patients, the prevalence of this bacterium was much lower than that of P. gingivalis.     

A new retractor for surgical removal of mandibular torus.

INTRODUCTION: A newly devised retractor for mandibular torus is presented. It has a half-spoon-shaped head and was applied to various cases of mandibular torus for its evaluation. RESULTS: It was found that the elevated mucoperiosteum flap was safely protected lingually by using this retractor. Various mandibular tori were completely resected without damaging the surrounding tissues.