麻风畸残患者实施自我护理3年效果

目的：探讨麻风畸残患者自我护理效果。方法：989例麻风残疾患者进行自我护理训练，发放自我护理手册和图解，提供必要的自我护理包，并定期随访3年。结果：患者红眼、眼痛、手皲裂、手溃疡、足皲裂、足溃疡等麻风继发性畸残分别较治疗前下降了78．95％、89．02％、91．86％、90．90％、93．85％和38．67％。且有87．06％的患者形成了自我护理行为。说明自我护理可被患者接受．而且效果肯定。结论：自我护理是预防和治疗麻风继发性畸残的重要手段。专业医务人员对患者的健康教育技巧、患者家属和乡村医生日常督导以及适宜的康复器材供应是治疗的关键．同时应开展小外科和矫形手术治疗以解决患者严重的兔眼和足底溃疡问题。     

男性间质性膀胱炎18例临床诊治分析

目的 探讨男性间质性膀胱炎(IC)临床诊断和治疗方法,以提高男性IC的诊治效率. 方法 2010年1 -12月收治男性IC患者18例,患者均表现为明显的耻骨上区和腹股沟区疼痛,并伴有尿频、尿急症状.18例均曾误诊为ⅢB型前列腺炎,且治疗无效.按照NIDDK的IC诊断标准,根据PUF表评分＞15分、钾离子通透试验(PST)阳性以及麻醉下膀胱镜检查发现“红斑征”确诊IC.18例治疗前均行24 h排尿卡记录、尿常规、前列腺液常规及细菌培养等检查,并行麻醉下水扩张治疗.术后口服托特罗定缓释片治疗,每天1次,每次4 mg,疗程1个月;同时术后1周开始行膀胱灌注治疗(2％利多卡因20 ml+肝素3.75万U+5％碳酸氢钠5 ml),每周2次,疗程12周. 结果 18例患者水扩张术后采用PUF表评分和24h排尿卡记录进行随访,随访时间12～25个月,平均19个月,患者症状均获得缓解.治疗前后PUF评分值分别为(19.2±4.1)、(13.6±2.4)分;24 h平均排尿次数分别为(11.5±3.9)、(7.5±4.3)次;24h平均每次排尿量分别为(159.5±30.8)、(241.7±45.3)ml,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01). 结论 男性IC与(Ⅲ)B型前列腺炎临床症状相似,可通过PUF评分、PST试验以及麻醉下膀胱镜检查提高男性IC的诊断率,结合水扩张和术后口服托特罗定缓释片联合肝素膀胱灌注治疗可显著改善男性IC患者的临床症状.     

阿奇霉素与红霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎的疗效对比

目的:比较阿奇霉素与红霉素治疗小儿支原体肺炎的疗效。方法:选择80例小儿支原体肺炎患者为研究对象,将其随机均分为两组,分别为观察组和对照组,每组各40例。其中观察组患者采取阿奇霉素进行治疗,对照组患者采取红霉素进行治疗。两组患者均治疗2个星期后,观察比较分析两组患者的总有效率、住院平均时间以及症状消失时间。结果:观察组和对照组患者治疗后的总有效率分别为97.5%和80%,不良反应发生率分别为5%和20%。结论:阿奇霉素对小儿支原体肺炎的治疗效果明显比红霉素要好。     

腹腔镜治疗成人脐尿管囊肿3例及文献复习

目的：探讨脐尿管囊肿腹腔镜治疗的技术要点和临床疗效。方法：脐尿管囊肿3例。男2例,女1例,平均48岁,手术切除范围包括脐尿管、脐尿管肿物、脐正中韧带以及与脐尿管肿物相连的部分膀胱顶部;检索PubMed及国内CBM等数据库中相关文献,讨论脐尿管囊肿发病特点、影像学特征以及临床诊治。结果：3例手术均成功,无中转开放手术。平均手术时间121min,3例患者术中均无明显出血,2例术后病理提示脐尿管囊肿,1例提示脐尿管囊肿合并感染。平均留置导尿时间4天,平均住院6天,切口一级愈合,无术后并发症。术后平均随访11个月,无复发,无恶变。结论：腹腔镜手术是治疗脐尿管囊肿的～种微创、安全、有效的方法,即使对于合并感染的脐尿管囊肿也具有同等疗效。     

原发性膀胱淀粉样变1例报告并文献复习

目的 探讨原发性膀胱淀粉样变的临床、影像学、病理学特征以及诊疗方法。方法：回顾性分析1例原发性膀胱淀粉样变患者的临床资料。结果：行经尿道电切（TUR）术,术后辅以50％二甲基亚砜（DMSO）膀胱灌注,随访1年未出现肉眼血尿。结论：原发性膀胱淀粉样变临床及其罕见,极易与膀胱癌混淆,确诊需依据临床表现、影像学检查、病理学检查及特殊染色。治疗以手术尽可能切除病变组织为主,术后辅以DMSO膀胱灌注,疗效及预后良好。     

趋化因子受体7在膀胱癌组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨趋化因子受体7(CXCR7)蛋白在膀胱癌中的表达情况,并分析其与临床生物学行为及复发的关系.方法 选择148例膀胱移行细胞癌标本,30例正常膀胱组织标本:肿瘤标本中非肌层浸润性癌104例,肌层浸润性癌44例;G147例、G2 73例、G3 28例;单发肿瘤89例,多发肿瘤59例;非肌层浸润性癌中未复发40例,复发64例.采用LSAB免疫组织化学方法,检测膀胱癌和正常组织中CXCR7蛋白的表达,并结合临床资料进行分析. 结果正常组织中CXCR7蛋白的表达水平为10.0%(3/30),肿瘤组织为85.1%(126/148);单发及多发肿瘤CXCR7蛋白高表达率分别为49.4%(44/89)和71.2%(42/59),G1、G2、G3膀胱癌CXCR7蛋白高表达阳性率分别为34.0%(16/47)、65.8%(48/73)、78.6%(22/28),差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).非肌层浸润性肿瘤和肌层浸润性肿瘤中CXCR7蛋白高表达阳性率为51.9%和72.7%,组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).非肌层浸润性膀胱癌中,复发组与未复发组中CXCR7蛋白高表达阳性率为64.1%和32.5%,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).Kaplan-Merier曲线显示,CXCR7蛋白高表达组患者和CXCR7蛋白低表达组患者术后无复发生存率比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01). 结论CXCR7蛋白高表达与膀胱移行细胞癌的恶性程度及预后相关,提示CXCR7与膀胱癌的发生发展存在相关性.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the expression of CXCR7 in bladder cancer and analyze its clinical significance and relationship with bladder cancer recurrence. Methods The expressions of CXCR7 protein in 148 specimens of bladder cancer and 30 specimens of normal bladder tissues were detected by immunohistochemical staining and its clinical significance was then analyzed. Results The expression of CXCR7 protein was higher in bladder cancers than in the adjacent normal tissues (P＜0.01). CXCR7 protein expression rates were 49. 4% and 71.2% in mutifocal tumors and unifocal tumors, while 34.0%, 65.8% and 78. 6% in G1, G2, and G3 tumors, respectively (P＜0. 01). Expression of CXCR7 protein was higher in muscle invasive bladder cancers than in non-muscle invasive bladder cancers (72. 7% versus 51.9% ,P＜0.05). In patients followed up for 2-95 months, CXCR7 protein expression was significantly higher in patients with recurrence than with non-recurrence (64. 1% versus 32.5%, P＜0.01). Kaplan-Meier analysis and the log-rark test showed that the recurrence-free survival was significantly different between the group of lower CXCR7 expression group and the higher expression group (P＜0.01). Conclusions The expression of CXCR7 protein is high in bladder cancer and the analysis of CXCR7 protein expression is potentially valuable in prognostic evaluation of bladder cancers. CXCR7 may play a role in the development of bladder urothelial cell cancer.     

首诊T1期膀胱尿路上皮癌患者二次经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切除术的临床意义

目的 探讨经尿道膀胱肿瘤二次电切除术(二次电切)对首诊为T1期膀胱尿路上皮癌患者的临床意义.方法 收集资料完整的膀胱尿路上皮癌患者142例,首次经尿道膀胱肿瘤电切术后病理诊断均为T1期膀胱尿路上皮癌,其中68例患者进行了二次电切,观察肿瘤残留率以及分期变化,并与未接受二次电切患者的肿瘤复发率、无复发生存时间、无复发生存率以及肿瘤进展率等情况进行比较.结果 两组患者性别、年龄、随访时间、肿瘤数量、肿瘤大小、肿瘤分级等,差异均无统计学意义(均为P＞0.05).68例行二次电切的患者中,术后病理证实有肿瘤残余25例(36.8%),其中发现肿瘤浸润至肌层6例(8.8%).术后平均随访时间26.8个月,接受二次电切的患者中,肿瘤复发23例(37.1%),中位无复发生存时间21个月,无复发生存率41.0%,肿瘤进展9例(14.5%);未行二次电切的患者中分别为43例(58.1%)、12个月、35.1%、19例(25.7%);两组间肿瘤复发率(x2=5.962,P=0.015)、无复发生存时间(U=1584,P=0.002)、无复发生存率(x2=8.502,P=0.004)比较,差异均有统计学意义;肿瘤进展率差异无统计学意义(x2=2.570,P=0.109).结论 二次电切是彻底切除肿瘤的有效方法,对改善T1期膀胱尿路上皮癌复发率、无复发生存时间及无复发生存率有良好的效果,但对肿瘤进展率的影响尚需进一步研究.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the clinical significance of second transurethral resection (TUR) in patients with T1 urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder.Methods The 142 cases with urothelial carcinoma were recruited.All patients underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) and were diagnosed as stage T1 urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.The 68 of 142 cases underwent second TUR after the initial surgery.Tumor recurrence rate,progression rate and recurrence-free survival were compared.Results There were no statistical differences in age,gender,follow-up time,number of tumors,size of tumors or grade of tumors between patients with and without second TUR.Of the 68 cases that underwent second TUR,25 cases (36.8%) had residual tumor and 6 of them (8.8%) had muscle-invasive bladder cancer.After an average observation for 26.8 months,patients who underwent second TUR showed lower recurrence rate,higher recurrence-free rate and longer recurrence-free survival than patients without second TUR [37.1% vs.58.1%,x2=5.962,P=0.015;41% vs.35.1%,x2=8.502,P=0.004;21 months vs.12 months,U= 1584,P= 0.002].While the progression rate showed no statistical difference between them (14.5% vs.25.7%,x2 =2.570,P=0.109).Conclusions Second TUR provides an effective way to completely excise tumor.Second TUR is beneficial to the decrease of recurrence rate and improvement of recurrence-free survival.However,its effect on tumor progression needs further discussion.     

腹腔镜下扩大性膀胱部分切除联合盆腔淋巴结清扫术治疗脐尿管癌

Objective To discuss the techniques and clinical efficacy of laparoscopic partial cystectomy with bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy for urachal adenocarcinoma. Methods From July 2006 to April 2008, 4 patients with urachal adenocarcinoma were managed by the laparoscopic procedure. Three patients were male, the other one was female, with a median age of 51 (range 42 to 66)years. The mean size of tumors was 3.4(rang 1.9 to 5.4)cm in diameter. Three of them were diagnosed as mucinous adenocarcinoma, the other one was adenocarcinoma. There was 1 patient at stage Ⅱ , and the other three as stage Ⅲ according to Sheldon Stage. Four patients were performed by transperitoneal approach. The boundaries of resection were similar to the open surgery, including resection of the tumor with normal margins, the peritoneum lateral to the two medial unbilical ligaments,the posterior sheath of the rectus muscle and the muscle fibers of the rectus muscle below it, and bilateral pelvic lymphanodes. Results The procedure was successfully in all 4 patients, with a mean operative time of 220(range 150 to 350)min, a mean estimated blood loss of 180 (range 120 to 290)ml.No significant intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred, except for an inferior epigastric artery injury in 1 case. The mean postoperative in-dwelling urinary catheter time was 6 (range 5 to 7)d, and the mean postoperative hospital stay was 6 (range 5 to 8)d. All 36 resected lymph nodes (range 8 to 11) were negative. At a median follow-up of 25(range 15 to 36) months, there was no evidence of recurrent disease by radiologic or cystoscopic evaluation. Conclusion Laparoscopic partial cystectomy and bilateral extended pelvic lymphadenectomy in selected patients with urachal tumors could be a safe, feasible, minimally invasive procedure.     

生物反馈联合电刺激在TVT治疗失败后的应用体会

目的探讨生物反馈联合电刺激治疗经阴道无张力尿道中段吊带术(TVT)失败患者的疗效。方法 2006年6月至2012年10月期间TVT治疗失败的压力性尿失禁(SUI)患者13例,其中术后中度SUI患者9例,重度SUI患者4例,均给予AM800B尿失禁治疗仪对患者进行盆底生物反馈联合电刺激治疗,治疗时间20~30min/次,每周3次,疗程2个月。结果随访6~30个月,平均15.3个月。13例患者治疗的总有效率为61.5%(8/13),其中术后中度SUI的有效率为77.8%(7/9),重度SUI的有效率为25%(1/4)。结论盆底生物反馈联合电刺激可以作为TVT术后失败患者的补救治疗措施,尤其适合术后中度SUI的患者。     

麻风麻木足残疾者使用防护鞋并行足自我护理3年效果观察

目的 探讨麻风麻木足残疾者足保护的方法。方法 295例足底麻木麻风残疾者使用市场购买的符合垫软、底硬、帮高等要求的防护鞋，同时进行足自我护理。随访3年。结果患者均能坚持使用防护鞋，仅1例发生新溃疡，无溃疡复发；足皲裂、溃疡人数分别下降了96．15％和32．81％，骨缺失未增加。结论 防护鞋能有效预防麻风麻木足溃疡的发生和复发；教给患者购买防护鞋和自我护理相关知识，是控制足溃疡发生的关键。