电子线照射对小鼠胰岛素生长因子相关蛋白表达的影响

目的：探讨电子线对胰岛素生长因子-1家族蛋白表达的影响，为研究辐射对肝脏的早期损伤提供依据。方法：采用电子线照射小鼠，照射剂量为1、2、4 Gy，用Western blot法检测照射后12、48和72 h小鼠肝脏中胰岛素生长因子1受体（IGF-1R）、胰岛素生长因子结合蛋白1（IGFBP1）、胰岛素生长因子结合蛋白4（IGFBP4）和胰岛素生长因子1（IGF-1）蛋白表达水平的改变。结果：照射剂量为1 Gy时，与对照组相比，IGF-1蛋白在照射后48 h时表达增加，IGFBP1、IGFBP4和IGF1R蛋白的表达在照射后12、48和72 h均表达减少。照射剂量为2 Gy时，IGF-1和IGFBP4蛋白在照射后48 h时表达增加，其余时间点表达减少。IGFBP1蛋白在照射后12 h时表达增加，48和72 h时表达减少。IGF1R蛋白在照射后3个时间点均呈现为表达减少。照射剂量4 Gy时，肝脏中IGF-1、IGFBP1和IGFBP4蛋白均表达减少，IGF1R蛋白在照射后12 h时表达增加，48、72 h时均表达减少（均为P < 0.05）。结论：电子线照射后小鼠肝脏中胰岛素生长因子-1家族蛋白多以下调表达为主，与前期基因表达的结果相一致，有可能作为反映放射性工作人员早期肝脏损伤的生物标志物之一。     

结核多肽壳聚糖纳米粒的制备及表征

采用离子交联法制备壳聚糖纳米粒(CS-NPs)载体,并以粒径和多分散系数(PDI)为主要评价指标优化了工艺参数。通过文献检索,筛选出结核分枝杆菌复合群(Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex,MTC)标准强菌株H37Rv的保护性抗原蛋白Rv0180c(GLDKNKFDIRVVSPDEARRLY),经异硫氰荧光素(FITC)标记后载入优化的空白CS-NPs中,获得结核多肽壳聚糖纳米粒(Pep-CS-NPs)。所得空白CS-NPs的平均粒径、PDI和ζ电位分别为(148.13±2.24)nm、0.197±0.013和(+18.00±0.89)mV;4℃放置28 d,粒径未见显著增大。Pep-CS-NPs的平均粒径、PDI和ζ电位分别为(186.93±8.80)nm、0.254±0.014和(+12.07±1.68)mV,包封率和载药量为(45.20±2.95)%和(12.92±1.12)%。体外释放结果表明,Pep-CS-NPs缓慢释放多肽,48 h累积释放率为56.6%。本试验表明,离子交联法制备载多肽CS-NPs的工艺简便稳定、条件温和,所得制品粒径大小适宜、分布均匀,且具有明显缓释作用,有望作为治疗结核病的新型疫苗。     

青州地区怀孕妇女骨密度调查及分析

目的 调查孕妇群体骨质疏松症和骨量减少的发病情况。方法 对所有2014年3月7日到2014年6月1日期间来医院进行孕期检查的孕妇均进行超声骨密度测定,并以Z-score作为评价指标,计算总体均值;然后统计Z-score≤-1者及Z- score≤2. 0者人数,计算其占总受检人群的比重,再然后按年龄分组统计均值并比较。结果 总平均Z-score为-0. 5558± 1. 01204,Z-score≤- 1者,共435人,占总检测人数的37. 28% ;Z-score≤2. 0者共68人,占总检测人数的5. 83%。由各组的均值比较可以看到,伴随着年龄增加,孕妇的Z-score均值有上升的趋势,各组之间的Z-score均值相互之间差异具有明显统计学 意义,P <0.001。结论 受检孕妇的平均骨量处于正常范围,但还是明显低于同种族、同年龄、同性别的平均水平。其中骨量减少者占到了总检测人数的37. 28%,符合骨质疏松症诊断标准者为总检测人数的5. 83%,中国孕妇的骨量不容乐观。各年龄组之间差异较大,伴随着年龄增加,孕妇的Z-score均值有上升的趋势。     

Outcome analysis for prediction of intraaortic balloon pump support failure and long-term survival in high-risk patients undergoing mitral valve surgery

The outcome predictors of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) in patients who undergo mitral valve surgery remain unknown. This study aimed to retrospectively review valvular surgery in patients who received an IABP to identify the predictors of failure of IABP support and anticipate the necessary therapy. This retrospective observational study recruited a total of 157 consecutive patients who underwent open-heart mitral valve surgery with IABP implantation intraoperatively or postoperatively. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the risk factors attributed to 30-day mortality. Follow-up data of survivors were collected to investigate the effect of IABP support to evaluate long-term outcomes. The overall 30-day mortality was 35.7% (56 patients). The following factors that contributed to 30-day mortality included sepsis (P < .001, OR: 5.627, 95%CI: 2.422-11.683); IABP implantation postoperatively rather than intraoperatively (P = .001, OR: 6.395, 95%CI: 2.085-19.511); right heart failure (P = .042, OR: 3.419, 95%CI: 1.225-12.257); and lack of subvalvular apparatus preservation (P = .033, OR: 3.710, 95%CI: 1.094-13.167). Furthermore, follow-up data of these patients showed an estimation of 5-year and 10-year survival rates of 58.9% and 35.7%, respectively. Patients with intraoperative IABP demonstrated better long-term survival outcomes when compared to those with postoperative IABP (χ² = 4.291, P = .038). In summary, this study distinguished the preoperative predictors of 30-day mortality of IABP-support in mitral valve surgery patients. These results indicated that early intervention with IABP should be taken into consideration in case of hemodynamic instability in critically ill patients undergoing mitral valve surgery.     

儿童腺样体肥大与耳鼻咽喉科常见疾病关系的研究进展

腺样体肥大(AH)是小儿耳鼻咽喉科的常见病、多发病。国内外学者关于AH的病因、临床症状及治疗方式均有深入研究并达成共识,但其与耳鼻咽喉科相关疾病的关系仍未得到广泛关注和重视。研究发现,AH与小儿耳鼻咽喉科的过敏性鼻炎(AR)、急慢性鼻-鼻窦炎(ARS/CRS)、急性中耳炎、分泌性中耳炎、中耳胆脂瘤、急慢性扁桃体炎、扁桃体肥大、儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)及其他咽喉部疾病等均有密切联系。     

不同低氧水平暴露对大鼠空间学习记忆、探究能力的影响

目的:观察不同低氧水平暴露对大鼠空间学习记忆、自主探究行为和焦虑情绪的影响。方法:将80只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为11%和15%氧浓度组,每组均包括对照组(C11、C15)、4 h组(4H11、4H15)、8 h组(8H11、8H15)和12 h组(12H11、12H15),每组10只。C11和C15组大鼠在常氧条件下饲养7 d,其余各组大鼠接受低氧暴露,持续7 d,结束后分别检测大鼠的空间学习记忆、自主探究行为和焦虑情绪的行为学表现。结果:(1)低氧对大鼠空间学习记忆的影响,与C15相比,8H15大鼠第1 d逃避潜伏期显著延长(P0.05),其第1 d与第2 d、第1 d与第3 d逃避潜伏期的差值显著增加(P0.05)。(2)低氧对大鼠自主探究行为和焦虑情绪的影响,与C15相比,4H15大鼠在总运动距离、跨格数、站立次数和进入开放区域次数方面明显减少(P0.05),12H15大鼠在跨格数、进入开放区域次数和开放区域时间方面均显著降低(P0.05,P0.01)。结论:11%和15%氧浓度每天分别暴露8 h、4 h、12 h均会减少大鼠的自主探究行为,增加焦虑情绪。     

老年患者截石位术后下肢不同放法对血流动力学的影响

目的探讨老年患者截石位术后双下肢不同放法对血流动力学的影响作用。方法将172例采用膀胱截石位手术的老年患者随机分为观察组88例和对照组84例,观察组术中每隔1h抬高患者小腿一次,每次10min,以防下肢深静脉血栓形成,术毕由截石位转变为平卧位时,先缓慢平放一侧下肢,轻拍小腿肌肉,做被动屈膝运动,3min后再放另一侧下肢。对照组患者则同时平放双下肢,分别观察记录两组患者术后双下肢平放前、后血压变化的情况以及术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的情况,并进行对照比较。结果观察组患者术后下肢深静脉血栓形成占5.68%,而对照组患者术后下肢深静脉血栓形成占22.62%,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(p<0.01);观察组患者双下肢平放前、后血压下降的程度较小,对照组患者血压下降的程度较大,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(p<0.01)。结论膀胱截石位手术的老年患者,术中每隔1h抬高小腿一次,有效预防老年患者术后下肢深静脉血栓形成,术后由截石位转变为平卧位时,采用下肢单腿缓慢平放法可使血压变化平稳,对减少术后并发症、促进术后康复具有非常重要的现实意义,值得临床进一步推广。     

Preparation of large-area ultrathin carbon semiconductors converted from conjugated microporous polymer films

Two-dimensional carbon semiconductors have aroused great attention due to their unique structures and novel properties, showing potential applications in emerging electronic and optoelectronic devices. In this work, we reported an effective strategy to controllable prepare ultrathin carbon nanofilms (CNFs) by combining in situ-growth and stepwise thermal annealing, with the features of large-area, tunable properties and nanoscale thickness. The structures, morphologies and electrical properties of these as-prepared CNFs were characterized systematically. Impressively, tunable electrical properties from low to semi- and high conductivity could be precisely achieved through stepwise annealing of conjugated microporous polymer films. By introducing CNF-750 as the active channel layer, the transistor exhibited a typical p-type semiconductor property. Moreover, by further coupling CNF-750 with carbon dots (CDs) as a photoresponse layer, the as-fabricated all-carbon diode based on CDs/CNF-750 heterostructure film showed high ultraviolet (UV) light response.

Large-area carbon semiconductors were prepared by combining the in situ polymerization with thermal annealing process. Moreover, a photodetector based on carbon dots decorated carbon semiconductors was fabricated.