Drug Resistance to HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors among Treatment-naive Patients in Jiangsu,China

Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (InSTIs) have been widely used in recent years because of their high genetic barrier to resistance. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended dolutegravir (DTG)-containing regimens as the preferred first- and second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)[1]. During the long-term treatment process, the appearance of drug resistance mutations to InSTIs is inevitable. A meta-analysis has shown that the resistance rate among InSTI treatment-experienced patients is 3.9％ (Raltegravir, RAL), 1.2％ (Elvitegravir, EVG), and 0.1％ (DTG)[2]. However, resistance to InSTIs has not been reported in treatment-naive populations.     

Ascertainment and Prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in People with Intellectual Disabilities

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may be under-recognized in people with intellectual disabilities (PWID) and reviews on appropriate screening tools and prevalence are lacking. This review aims to identify PTSD screening tools for PWID and estimate the prevalence of PTSD within this population. Method: Medline, PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane, Global Health, and Web of Science databases were searched (inception to October 2017) to identify eligible literature. Papers were also found via manual searches of the references of eligible studies. Studies were reviewed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, subjected to exclusion criteria and quality appraised using STROBE criteria for observational studies and an adapted form of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for cross-sectional studies. Seven studies were identified. Meta-analysis was carried out on the prevalence studies and heterogeneity quantified using I². Results: Three tools for screening PTSD in PWID were found: two for use in adults (the Lancaster and Northgate Trauma Scale and the Impact of Event Scale – Intellectual Disabilities) and the Adapted Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for Children with PTSD. Five studies reported PTSD prevalence in PWID. The weighted pooled prevalence of PTSD in PWID was found to be 10%, 95% CI [0.4%, 19.5%], toward the upper limit of estimated PTSD prevalence in the general population (5–10%). Conclusion: PTSD can be diagnosed in PWID but may go unrecognized by health-care professionals. The identified tools should be further compared and assessed for acceptability and efficacy to improve the identification of PTSD in PWID.     

两种保留自主神经D3根治术治疗中低位直肠癌的安全性及生存质量比较

目的比较腹腔镜保留自主神经D3根治术与开腹术治疗中低位直肠癌的安全性及生存质量差异。 方法回顾性分析2015年6月至2017年8月间84例低位直肠癌患者资料，根据手术方式不同分为腹腔镜组(n＝46)和开腹组(n＝38)，应用SPSS21.0软件完成数据分析。手术相关指标采用( ±s)表示，独立样本t检验；并发症发生率、复发率及生存率等指标采用χ²检验；P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。 结果腹腔镜组患者的手术时间长于开腹组(P<0.05)，而术中出血量、住院时间、尿管保留时间、肛门排气时间均短于开腹组(均P<0.05)。腹腔镜组术后并发症总发生率为6.5%低于开腹组的26.3%(χ²＝4.6517，P<0.05)。两组患者1年局部复发率及生存率差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。腹腔镜组患者术后10 d排尿功能、术后2个月勃起功能、术后2个月射精功能均优于开腹组(均P<0.05)。 结论腹腔镜保留自主神经D3根治术治疗中低位直肠癌安全性较高，复发率及生存率与开腹术相当，并能显著提高患者的生存质量，值得推广应用。     

MiRNA let-7a对人喉鳞癌细胞增殖的抑制作用CSCD

目的探讨miRNA let-7a调控高迁移率族蛋白2(HMGA2)对人喉鳞癌细胞株TU212增殖的影响。方法合成let-7a模拟体(let-7a mimics)并采用阳离子脂质体法瞬时转染入喉癌TU212细胞,裸鼠皮下注射TU212细胞,构建裸鼠移植瘤模型。RT-qPCR和Western blot法分别检测转染后TU212细胞及移植瘤内let-7a和HMGA2的表达。结果在过表达let-7a的喉癌TU212细胞中,HMGA2的转录和翻译水平下调,细胞增殖能力降低。体外成瘤实验证实,与let-7a NC组和空白对照组相比,转染let-7a mimics的喉癌细胞TU212成瘤组织的质量和体积均显著下降;let-7a过表达的TU212成瘤组织中HMGA2的mRNA和蛋白水平均明显下调。结论let-7a能显著抑制HMGA2的mRNA和蛋白表达,进而显著抑制喉癌细胞的增殖。     

Identifying strains that contribute to complex diseases through the study of microbial inheritance

It has been 35 y since Carl Woese reported in PNAS how sequencing ribosomal RNA genes could be used to distinguish the three domains of life on Earth. During the past decade, 16S rDNA sequencing has enabled the now frequent enumeration of bacterial communities that populate the bodies of humans representing different ages, cultural traditions, and health states. A challenge going forward is to quantify the contributions of community members to wellness, disease risk, and disease pathogenesis. Here, we explore a theoretical framework for studies of the inheritance of bacterial strains and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various study designs for assessing the contribution of strains to complex diseases.