Interleukin-22 Secreted by NKp44+ Natural Killer Cells Promotes Proliferation of Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes in Rheumatoid Arthritis

Although CD3-CD56+NKp44+ natural killer (NKp44+NK) cells have been linked to autoimmune diseases including inflammatory bowel disease, ankylosing spondylitis, and primary Sjogren syndrome, the expansion and role of those cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remain less defined. Here, we investigate the proportion and pathogenesis of NKp44+NK cells in patients with RA. The results show NKp44+NK cells significantly expanded in RA peripheral blood and synovial fluid, which were correlated positively with RA disease activity. They also highly expressed in RA synovial tissues and secreted a high concentration of interleukin-22 (IL-22) in vitro. Further, NKp44+NK cells culture supernatant promoted the proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) which was blocked by IL-22 antagonist and AG490. Treated with recombination human IL-22, the proliferation and phosphorylation-STAT3 on RA-FLS increased in a dose-dependent manner and time-dependent manner; the progress of which could be blocked by AG490. The present study clarifies the expansion of NKp44+NK cells in the peripheral blood and synovial fluid of patients with RA, especially in the synovial tissues of RA for the first time. STAT3 is an essential pathway in mediating the effects of IL-22 secreted by NKp44+NK cells on the proliferation of FLS in patients with RA.     

Relapsing subarachnoid hemorrhage as a clinical manifestation in microscopic polyangiitis: a case report and literature review

Clinical Rheumatology - Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) is a systemic small-vessel vasculitis associated with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) and predominantly causes kidney and...     

Diffuse pruritic erythema as a clinical manifestation in anti-SAE antibody-associated dermatomyositis: a case report and literature review

Clinical Rheumatology - Anti-small ubiquitin-like modifier-1 activating enzyme (anti-SAE) antibodies have been recently discovered especially for myosin and identified as dermatomyositis (DM)...     

不同术式治疗混合痔术后护理

混合痔是肛肠疾病中常见的一种情况,根据不同混合痔症状,采用外剥内扎注射术、分块结扎术、T形切口全闭合术进行治疗[1].这几种方法对肛门狭窄、肛门感觉性失禁、直肠黏膜外翻、术后肛门外观和大痔块等多种症状有明显的疗效,病人反应良好.……     

美沙拉嗪联合双歧杆菌四联活菌治疗溃疡性结肠炎的疗效 及对氧化应激、炎症指标的影响

目的：观察美沙拉嗪联合双歧杆菌四联活菌治疗溃疡性结肠炎的疗效及对氧化应激、炎症指标的影响。方法： 择取本院诊治的 130 例溃疡性结肠炎患者为观察对象,依循单双号编号法分为对照组及观察组,每组 65 例。对照组予 以美沙拉嗪治疗,观察组在此基础上联合双歧杆菌四联活菌治疗,比较两组治疗后的疗效、氧化应激因子水平及炎症 指标。结果：治疗后,总有效率观察组为 95.38%,对照组为 80.00%,差异有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）;观察组超氧化 物歧化酶（SOD）水平高于对照组,脂质过氧化物（LPO）水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P ＜ 0.05）;观察 组白细胞介素-1(IL-1)、IL-6、IL-8及肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）水平显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。 结论：美沙拉嗪联合双歧杆菌四联活菌治疗溃疡性结肠炎疗效确切,氧化应激大为改善,炎症反应显著降低。     

Dual-energy computed tomography has limited diagnostic sensitivity for short-term gout

Clinical Rheumatology - The aim of this study was to discuss the diagnostic value of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) in patients with gout during different disease phases. Two hundred...     

术前吸烟对食管鳞癌患者生存期的影响

目的 探讨术前吸烟对食管鳞癌生存期的影响。方法 通过问卷调查、电话随访和住院病理结果核查。采用t检验和Spearman相关分析吸烟与食管鳞癌发生的关系,Kaplan-Meier生存曲线、Logrank检验、Cox回归评估影响患者生存期的独立因素。结果 吸烟患者平均发病年龄明显高于不吸烟患者（P=0.02）,开始吸烟年龄与发病年龄呈正相关（r=0.474,P＜0.001）;不吸烟患者的生存期优于吸烟患者（P＜0.001）,然而男性吸烟与不吸烟患者的生存期差异无统计学意义 (P=0.245),并且不吸烟患者中女性患者的生存期明显优于男性（P＜0.001）;Cox回归分析提示吸烟不是影响食管鳞癌患者生存期的独立因素。结论 食管鳞癌患者发病年龄与开始吸烟年龄高度相关;术前吸烟对食管鳞癌患者的生存期无明显影响。     

食管癌患者肿瘤最长径与浸润深度和淋巴结转移的关系及其对生存期的影响

目的 探讨16 370例食管癌患者肿瘤最长径与浸润程度和淋巴结转移的关系及对生存期的影响。方法 通过入户或者电话问卷调查及生存随访,核查食管癌患者信息,采用卡方检验、秩和检验、Spearman相关分析、Kaplan-Meier生存曲线,Log rank检验和Cox生存分析模型,回顾性分析1995—2011年太行高发区普查食管癌患者肿瘤最长径与浸润程度（T分期）和淋巴结转移的关系及其对生存期的影响。结果 （1）随着浸润程度加深,肿瘤最长径依次增长（P＜0.001）;肿瘤最长径＜3 cm的患者淋巴结转移阳性率明显低于≥3 cm的患者（P＜0.001）;肿瘤最长径与浸润程度及淋巴结阳性转移率正相关（RT=0.379,RN=0.213,P＜0.001）;（2）肿瘤最长径≥3 cm患者生存期明显差于＜3 cm患者（P＜0.001）。多因素分析提示,肿瘤最长径、性别、诊断年龄、浸润程度、淋巴结转移、大体类型、分化程度、肿瘤部位均是影响患者生存期的独立因素（P＜0.05）。结论 随着肿瘤最长径增长、浸润程度加深,淋巴结转移阳性率明显升高;食管癌肿瘤长径是影响食管癌患者生存期的独立因素。     

Discriminating symbiosis and immunity signals by receptor competition in rice

Plants encounter various microbes in nature and must respond appropriately to symbiotic or pathogenic ones. In rice, the receptor-like kinase OsCERK1 is involved in recognizing both symbiotic and immune signals. However, how these opposing signals are discerned via OsCERK1 remains unknown. Here, we found that receptor competition enables the discrimination of symbiosis and immunity signals in rice. On the one hand, the symbiotic receptor OsMYR1 and its short-length chitooligosaccharide ligand inhibit complex formation between OsCERK1 and OsCEBiP and suppress OsCERK1 phosphorylating the downstream substrate OsGEF1, which reduces the sensitivity of rice to microbe-associated molecular patterns. Indeed, OsMYR1 overexpression lines are more susceptible to the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, whereas Osmyr1 mutants show higher resistance. On the other hand, OsCEBiP can bind OsCERK1 and thus block OsMYR1–OsCERK1 heteromer formation. Consistently, the Oscebip mutant displayed a higher rate of mycorrhizal colonization at early stages of infection. Our results indicate that OsMYR1 and OsCEBiP receptors compete for OsCERK1 to determine the outcome of symbiosis and immunity signals.

In nature, plants live and interact with diverse microbes, including symbionts and pathogens. To discern friends from foes, plants have evolved various receptors that sense external microbes. Plant immune responses are triggered when pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) at the plasma membrane recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) (1). MAMPs are highly conserved molecular signatures within a class of microbes and include fungal chitin, bacterial flagellin, and elongation factor Tu (EF-Tu) (2). PRRs comprise receptor-like kinases and receptor-like proteins (3). In plant–symbiont interactions, receptor kinases at the plasma membrane recognize signals that trigger symbiosis (4, 5).Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi secrete short-chain chitooligosaccharides (COs) and nonsulfated lipochitooligosaccharides (LCOs), called mycorrhizal factors (Myc factors), that are recognized by plant receptors and mediate the establishment of AM symbiosis (6–14). In rice, perception of the AM symbiotic signal is mediated by a lysin motif (LysM)–containing receptor kinase (LYKs), OsMYR1, that directly binds to CO4 and subsequently interacts with OsCERK1 (8). Interestingly, OsCERK1 is also a well-known receptor involved in MAMP-triggered immunity (15–17). In rice, an OsCERK1–OsCEBiP receptor complex recognizes chitin and triggers immune responses (18). Additionally, OsCERK1 interacts with OsLYP4 and OsLYP6 to participate in peptidoglycan perception (19). Thus, OsCERK1 is a node that crosses immunity and symbiosis.Fungal cell walls consist of about 1 to 20% chitin, which is a long-chain polymer of N-acetylglucosamine. To protect themselves from fungal infection, plants secrete chitinases that break down chitin and release COs (20). Long-chain COs are recognized by specific receptors and trigger immunity, whereas short-chain COs are associated with non-stress–related plant responses (21). Similarly, in mammals, shorter oligomers induce a weaker defense response than longer oligomers (22). Intriguingly, although chitin is the principal component of AM fungi, AM symbiosis triggers only a weak defense response (23, 24). Moreover, pretreatment of plants with CO4 also suppresses their defense response (21), implying that CO4 and OsMYR1 might suppress defense responses during AM symbiosis. However, the mechanism remains unclear.Interestingly, a recent study reported that COs ranging from four to eight residues in length (CO4 to CO8) can serve as symbiotic signals in Medicago truncatula, although CO8 is typically considered an immunity signal (9, 25). In rice, LCOs cannot induce symbiotic calcium oscillations, and short-chain COs are the major symbiotic signals from mycorrhizal fungi (26). In this study, we found that the shorter-chain chitooligosaccharide CO4 and its receptor OsMYR1 can suppress immune signaling induced by CO8 in rice. Our data indicate that the balanced perception of CO4 and CO8 by the symbiotic receptor OsMYR1, and the MAMP receptor OsCEBiP is crucial for the establishment of AM symbiosis in rice.