Major Cardiac–Psychiatric Drug–Drug Interactions: a Systematic Review of the Consistency of Drug Databases

Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapy - Major depressive disorder (MDD) and anxiety disorders (AD) are both highly prevalent among individuals with arrhythmia, ischemic heart disease, heart failure,...     

Influence of pitch size and age category on the physical and physiological responses of young football players during small-sided games using GPS devices

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to compare the physical and physiological responses of young football players of different categories during small-sided games (SSGs) played on different pitch sizes. Forty-eight (24 U-13 and 24 U-14) athletes played a 3 vs. 3 + 1 SSG in two experimental conditions: regular (36 × 27 m) and large pitch sizes (40 × 29 m). The total distance covered, the distances covered at different speed zones (0 to 6.9 km/h, 6.9 to 14.3, and 14.3 to 21.4), maximum heart rate, and mean heart rate were recorded. The results showed that older athletes covered larger distances during SSGs (p = 0.001; d = 0.937; large effect) and lower distances at the lowest (0–6.9 km/h) speed zone (p = 0.001; d = 0.657; moderate-to-large effect). Neither the physical nor physiological variables (except for distance covered between 14.3 and 21.4 km/h) differed between pitch sizes. This result indicates that pitch size may not impact the physical or physiological responses of U-13 and U-14 players during SSGs, but differences between categories were found. In conclusion, the development of tactical skills may be desirable to better explore the available space in the same age categories.     

INFLUENCE OF POST-CURE TREATMENTS ON HARDNESS AND MARGINAL ADAPTATION OF COMPOSITE RESIN INLAY RESTORATIONS: AN IN VITRO STUDY

Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Vickers hardness number (VHN) and the in vitro marginal adaptation of inlay restorations of three hybrid composite resins (Filtek Z250, Opallis and Esthet-X) subjected to two post-cure treatments.

Material and Methods:

For the microhardness test, three different groups were prepared in accordance with the post-cure treatments: control group (only light cure for 40 s), autoclave group (light cure for 40 s + autoclave for 15 min at 130°C); and microwave group (light cure for 40 s + microwave for 3 min at 450 W). To assess the marginal adaptation, the composite resin was inserted incrementally into a mesial-occlusal-distal cavity brass mold and each increment light-cured for 40 s. A previous reading in micrometers was taken at the cervical wall, using a stereomicroscope magnifying glass equipped with a digital video camera and image-analysis software. Subsequently, the specimens were subjected to the post-cure treatments (autoclave and microwave) and a reading was taken again at the cervical wall. Data were compared using ANOVA for the hardness test, split-plot ANOVA for the adaptation assessment and Tukey''s test for multiple comparisons. A significance level of 5% was adopted for all analyses.

Results:

The post-cure treatments increased the hardness of conventional composites (p<0.001) and the gap values of inlay restorations (p<0.01). Filtek Z250 showed higher hardness (p<0.001) and lower gap values than Opallis and Esthet-X (p<0.05). Gap values did not exceed 90 μm for any of the experimental conditions.

Conclusion:

The post-cure treatments increased the VHN and the gap values on the cervical floor of composite resin inlays. Moreover, Filtek Z250 showed the best results, with higher hardness and lower gap values.     

Comparative analysis of mandibular anatomical variations between panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomography

Purpose

The objective of this study is to compare the ability of panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in detecting anatomical variations of the mandibular canal and mental foramen.

Methods

One hundred twenty-seven preoperative panoramic and CBCT images were evaluated. Two oral and maxillofacial radiologists investigated the presence of bifid mandibular canals and/or additional mental foramina on the right, left, or both sides of the mandible. Intra- and interobserver reliability was determined using Cohen’s kappa coefficient. McNemar’s test compared the prevalence of mandibular anatomical variations between panoramic radiography and CBCT. The significance level was set at 0.05.

Results

Additional mental foramen and bifid mandibular canal were detected in 1.2 and 7.4 % of the panoramic radiographs and 7.4 and 9.8 % of the CBCT images, respectively. The incidence of anatomical variations on the mandibular canal was not significantly different between both imaging modalities (P?>?0.05).

Conclusions

Although CBCT provides better viewing of anatomical structures, including location, shape, and relationship with the surrounding area, panoramic radiography is a conventional imaging modality that can be used in the study of the bifid mandibular canals.