婴幼儿分泌性中耳炎误诊原因分析

目的：分析婴幼儿分泌性中耳炎误诊的原因。方法回顾性分析97例婴幼儿分泌性中耳炎中误诊、漏诊的12例患者的临床资料,并列出3例典型病例的详细病史、检查、诊断及治疗经过,分析误诊、漏诊发生的原因。结果本组病例误诊或漏诊的主要原因为婴幼儿缺乏主诉,家长不易察觉其症状;客观检查不够详细或缺乏相应的仪器检查,被原发疾病掩盖等。结论婴幼儿出现听力下降时,应注意是否患有分泌性中耳炎,颞骨薄层CT检查有助于诊断分泌性中耳炎。     

43例回盲部恶性肿瘤的CT 影像学诊断

[目的]探讨回盲部常见恶性肿瘤的CT影像学表现。[方法]收集经手术病理证实的43例回盲部恶性肿瘤,对其CT表现作回顾性分析。[结果]43例回盲部恶性肿瘤中腺癌26例,多数CT表现为偏心性肿块或肠管局限性增厚,密度不均,中度或明显强化,浆膜面浸润;淋巴瘤7例,CT表现为肠壁弥漫性增厚或腔内息肉样肿块,密度均匀,轻中度强化;转移瘤3例,CT表现为不规则软组织块,无特异性;恶性间质瘤3例,CT表现为类圆形肿块,密度欠均,周边明显强化;平滑肌肉瘤2例,CT表现为较大混杂密度块,实质部分明显强化;类癌2例,CT表现为阑尾中远端显著强化小肿块。[结论]回盲部恶性肿瘤类型多样,CT表现具有一定的特征性,熟悉CT影像学表现有助于诊断与鉴别诊断,为临床治疗提供大量信息和依据。     

颅咽管瘤术后钠代谢紊乱21例分析

目的 分析颅咽管瘤切除术后钠代谢紊乱与肿瘤部位及切除程度的相关性.方法 对我院2006年2月至2010年10月30例颅咽管瘤手术切除术后发生钠代谢紊乱的21例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 30例患者中术后出现高钠血症10例,低钠血症9例,高钠、低钠交替出现2例.死亡1例.肿瘤部位与术后发生钠代谢紊乱情况:鞍内未发生,鞍内-鞍上8例(61.5%,8/13),鞍后鞍旁3例(60.0%,3/5),三脑室及侧脑室10例(100.0%,10/10);肿瘤部位与术后发生钠代谢紊乱有关(x2=9.63,P<0.05).肿瘤切除程度与术后出现血钠异常情况:全切除患者发生血钠异常15例(62.5%,15/24),次全切除4例(100.0%,4/4),部分切除2例(100.0%,2/2)),肿瘤切除程度与术后出现血钠异常无关(x2=3.21,P>0.05).结论 颅咽管瘤切除术后钠代谢紊乱可能与肿瘤的部位有关,而与肿瘤的切除程度无关.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the correlation between the position and the removal extent of the tumor and the postoperative sodium metabolic disturbance in patients with craniopharyngiomas. Methods Retrospective analysis of the postoperative sodium metabolic disturbance in craniopharyngioma patients admitted from Feb.2006 to Oct. 2010 was performed. Results In the 30 casese,10 cases occurred hypernatremia,9 with hyponatremia and, 2 with fluctuating hyponatremia and hypematremia. One cases died in the population. No sodium metabolic disturbance occurred in patients with craniopharyngiomas located in the interasellar region, whereas 8 occurred in the inter and suprasellar region(61.5% ,8/13) , and 3 occurred post and beside assellar region(60.0% ,3/5) , 10 occurred in the third and lateral cerebral ventricle (100.0%, 10/10). Sodium metabolic disturbance occurred in 15 cases(62. 5% ) among 24 cases underwent total resection,in all 4 cases underwent sub-total resection (100.0% ) ,and all 2 cases underwent paritical resection ( 100. 0% ). The degree of resection was not correlated with Sodium metabolic disturbance(x2 = 3.21 ,P>0.05). Conclusion Sodium metabolic disturbance after craniopharyngioma surgery may be correlated with the position of tumor, but not correlated with the removal extent.     

嵌钝性假牙误入胃内1例分析

对嵌钝性假牙误入胃内1例分析如下.1病历摘要男,72岁.因误咽假牙12 h入院,其前日晚餐时误咽假牙,当时觉咽喉部疼痛梗阻感,无咳嗽、呼吸困难等,自行处理无效后来我院耳鼻咽喉科就诊.查:老年男性,痛苦貌,无明显口内流涎.口咽及喉咽部未见异物,梨状窝少量唾液潴留,声门区未见异常,颈部周围未及气肿及触痛.行颈侧位片检查:第7颈椎前方见金属丝状影.急诊行胃镜取异物,因假牙边缘金属钩嵌入食管黏膜无法拉出而失败.当晚嘱患者禁食,拟翌日采用食管镜行异物取出术,术前常规行正位胸片等检查后进人手术室.术中食管镜进镜至食管人口处时未见异物,继续深入到食管贲门处亦未及异物,考虑异物进入胃内,行X线拍片见食管走行径路未见异物,术中再次仔细阅读术前正位胸片发现胸椎前胃区有金属影,遂结束手术.第3天患者诉假牙已经大便排出体内.     

颅骨钻孔注入尿激酶治疗高血压脑出血20例

我院采用颅骨钻血应肿穿刺插管注入尿激酶治疗高血压脑出血20例,疗效满意。 1.临床资料:男16例,女4例。均有高血压病史。意识清醒者9例,嗜睡6例,浅昏迷5例。均有病灶对侧肢体瘫痪,肌力0～2级。术前都经     

耳内镜下沙棘油棉片贴补治疗外伤性鼓膜穿孔

目的探讨耳内镜下沙棘油棉片贴补治疗外伤性鼓膜穿孔的疗效。方法 58例外伤性鼓膜穿孔患者分为两组,沙棘油组(33例),耳内镜下使用沙棘油棉片局部穿孔处贴敷;对照组25例,以不含沙棘油棉片贴补,比较两组鼓膜穿孔愈合情况。结果沙棘油组治愈28例(84.85%),好转3例(9.09%),无效2例(6.06%);对照组治愈10例(40.00%),好转6例(24.00%),无效9例(36.00%),沙棘油组治愈率较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。沙棘油组治愈时间为3～21 d,平均10.5±5.3 d,对照组治愈时间为21～55 d,平均31±7.1 d,沙棘油组治愈时间较对照组短,差异有统计学意义。结论沙棘油治疗鼓膜穿孔可使穿孔愈合时间明显缩短,愈合率提高。     

全身照射后肠黏膜通透性与肠三叶因子mRNA表达的关系

目的 探讨全身照射(TBI)对肠道黏膜通透性和肠三叶因子(ITF)mRNA表达的影响以及二者之间的关系.方法 32只BALB/c小鼠随机均分为4组:空白对照组和总剂量8.0 Gy全身照射后4、8和12 d组.TBI剂量8.0 Gy,剂量率1.0 Gy/min.高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测器分析(HPLC-ELSD)检测尿液标本中乳果糖与甘露醇的排出率比值(L/M),评价各组小鼠的肠道通透性;收集空肠组织标本,实时荧光定量PCR检测肠道ITF mRNA表达水平.结果 TBI后4、8和12d组L/M比值分别为0.5092±0.0353,0.7174±0.0116和0.7295±0.0063,均明显高于空白对照组(0.2908±0.0533,F=321.47,P＜0.05).TBI后4、8和12 d组ITF mRNA表达水平分别为0.78612±0.1428,0.2521±0.1223,和0.2306±0.0221,均显著低于空白对照组(1.3498±0.0476,F=235.71,P＜0.05).各TBI组中L/M与肠道ITF mRNA水平呈显著负相关(r=-0.985,P＜0.01).结论 TBI后随着时间延长ITF mRNA表达逐渐下降而肠黏膜通透性逐渐增加,即TBI后ITF mRNA表达与肠道通透性呈显著负相关.ITF在TBI所致肠道黏膜通透性增加中起着保护作用.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the change of the intestinal permeability,the expression level of intestinal trefoil factor (ITF) mRNA and the relationship between them after total body irradiation (TBI),and explore the effect of TBI on the development of intestinal permeability and the expression level of ITF mRNA.Methods Twenty two BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 4 equal groups: 3 groups at 4,8 and 12 d after TBI with the total dose of 8.0 Gy and the dose rate of 1.0 Gy/min respectively,and a control group.Lactulose (L) and mannitol (M) were perfused into the esophagus before the experiment and urine samples were collected.Liquid chromatography was used to measure the L/M excretion ratio in the urine samples collected 4,8,and 12 days after the TBI.And then the mice were killed with their intestine were taken out.The expression of ITF mRNA in the jejunum tissue was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Results The urine L/M ratio levels of the groups 4,8 and 12 days after TBI were (0.5092 ± 0.0352),(0.7174 ± 0.0116),and (0.7295 ± 0.0533) respectively,all significantly higher than that of the control group [(0.2908 ± 0.0533),F = 321.47,P ＜ 0.05].The ITF mRNA expression levels of groups 4,8 and 12 days after TBI were (0.78612 ±0.1428),(0.2521 ±0.1223),and (0.2306 + 0.0221 ) respectively,all significantly lower than that of the control group [( 1.3498 + 0.0476),F = 235.71 ,P ＜ 0.05].The urine L/M ratio was significantly negatively correlated with the expression of ITF mRNA in all TBI groups (r = - 0.985,P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions The intestinal permeability increases and the expression level of ITF mRNA decreases after TBI.The urine L/M ratio is negatively correlated with the expression level of ITF mRNA after TBI.ITF is involved in protection against intestinal permeability induced by TBI.     

外侧裂入路显微手术治疗高血压壳核区脑出血42例

1995年 5月～ 2 0 0 0年 10月 ,我院采用显微外科技术经外侧裂入路治疗高血压壳核区脑出血 4 2例 ,取得良好效果。现报告如下。临床资料 :本组男 2 3例 ,女 19例 ;年龄 35～ 76岁 ,平均5 8.5岁。患者均有高血压病史。患者左侧壳核出血区 2 5例 ,右侧壳核区出血 17例 ,其中 5例血肿破入脑室内 ;血肿量 30～ 6 0 m l,平均 4 7.5 ml。临床表现 :神志清楚者 2 0例 ,昏睡至神志恍惚 10例 ,烦躁不安至浅昏迷 9例 ,中度昏迷 3例。入院时完全失语 13例 ,部分失语 15例 ,一侧肢体全瘫 19例 ,部分肌力减退 2 3例。手术方法 :采用翼点开颅 ,打开骨瓣 ,…     

巨大钙化脑脓肿1例

1 临床资料 患者男性,34岁,因突发意识不清伴间歇性肢体抽搐2h入院。查体：躁动,无言语,双瞳孔等大、等圆,直径3．0mm,对光反射迟钝,心前区有一约20cm手术瘢痕,胸骨左缘第3、4肋间可闻及3／6级收缩期杂音,四肢活动良好,锥体束征（-）,脑膜刺激征（-）。无外伤史,出生后即诊断为先天性。心脏病（法洛四联征）,5岁时曾出现发热,持续20余天,给予抗生素治疗,未行头颅CT检查,8岁时出现癫痫1次,9岁时行先天性心脏病矫形手术,术后患者恢复良好。