冰片对黄芪甲苷和三七总皂苷配伍有效成分在脑缺血/再灌注模型大鼠脑组织分布的影响

目的探讨冰片是否具有促进黄芪甲苷(AST IV)和三七总皂苷(PNS)配伍时主要有效成分透过大脑中动脉栓塞(MCAO)再灌注模型大鼠血脑屏障的作用。方法大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、冰片组、AST IV组、PNS组、AST IV+PNS组、冰片+AST IV+PNS组,制备MCAO再灌注大鼠模型,以液相色谱-质谱联用法(LC-MS/MS)测定大鼠患侧与健侧大脑皮层、小脑中AST IV和PNS有效成分(人参皂苷Rg1、Rb1和三七皂苷R1)的含量。结果 AST IV无论是单用还是与PNS、冰片配伍,其口服后主要分布在大脑皮层,尤其是患侧大脑皮层。冰片+AST IV+PNS能使患侧与健侧大脑皮层中AST IV含量显著增加。PNS单用,其有效成分人参皂苷Rg1、Rb1和三七皂苷R1主要分布在患侧小脑。冰片+AST IV+PNS能使患侧大脑皮层中人参皂苷Rb1含量显著增加,使健侧和患侧大脑皮层中人参皂苷Rg1含量增加,使大脑皮层尤其是患侧大脑皮层及小脑中三七皂苷R1含量增加。结论大鼠脑缺血再灌注后,AST IV与PNS的有效成分人参皂苷Rb1、Rg1及三七皂苷R1在大脑皮层和小脑均有一定的分布。AST IV单用时,AST IV主要分布在大脑皮层;PNS单用时,人参皂苷Rb1、Rg1及三七皂苷R1主要分布在小脑。冰片与AST IV、PNS合用后,能促进AST IV及人参皂苷Rb1、Rg1及三七皂苷R1向大脑皮层富集,尤其是向缺血再灌注侧大脑皮层富集;而且能不同程度地促进AST IV,人参皂苷Rb1、Rg1及三七皂苷R1在大脑皮层的吸收,尤其是在患侧大脑皮层的吸收。     

Diffusion MRI changes in the anterior subventricular zone following chemoradiation in glioblastoma with posterior ventricular involvement

Journal of Neuro-Oncology - There is growing evidence that the subventricular zone (SVZ) plays a key role in glioblastoma (GBM) tumorigenesis. However, little is known regarding how the SVZ, which...     

Predictors of response and survival in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma treated with nivolumab: real-world experience

Real-world predictors of the treatment efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are unknown. This retrospective study enrolled 87 consecutive patients with unresectable HCC from May 2017 to December 2019 at two hospitals. Of the 87 patients, 7, 9, 60, and 11 patients had Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stages A, B, C, and D, respectively, and 45, 30, and 10 patients were Child-Pugh class A, B, and C, respectively. The median injection numbers of nivolumab and treatment duration were 6 (3-8) and 2.53 (1.47-4.23) months, respectively, and 64.4% of patients received combination therapy. Radiological imaging was not assessed for 25 patients. Objective response (OR) and disease control rates were 19.5% and 39.1%, respectively. A single tumor (odds ratio: 9.542, P = .015) and ≥20% decline in serum α-fetoprotein protein (AFP) levels within the first 3 months of treatment (defined as AFP response, odds ratio: 5.997, P = .042) were predictors of OR. Lack of macrovascular invasion, combination therapy, and AFP response were predictors of progression-free survival. A Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP) score of 0-2 (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.717, P = .004) and grade 1-2 immune-related adverse events (irAEs, HR: 2.217, P = .049) were predictors of overall survival (OS) in the entire cohort, and a CLIP score of 0-2 (HR: 3.257, P = .009) was a predictor of OS in evaluable patients. IrAEs ≥ grade 3 were noted in 14 patients, and three died as a result. Having a single tumor and AFP response were predictors of OR, and CLIP score was a predictor of OS.