复合材料对冲击伤防护效应的实验研究

实验动物为成年杂种狗16只,其中实验(防护)组7只,对照组9只。用BST—Ⅰ型生物激波管和导弹战斗部静爆致伤,前者反射超压为388.4kPa～399.7kPa,后者离爆心4.5m处入射超压为390kPa～459kPa。结果表明防护组的死亡率比对照组低,肺损伤程度比对照组也要轻1—2个等级。结果提示复合材料对冲击伤有较好的防护效果。     

狗中度冲击伤复合高速破片致伤的损伤特点研究

本研究初步探讨了狗中度冲击伤复合单侧后肢高速破片伤的致伤特点。结果表明,冲击伤,破片伤及两者复合伤后PaO_2均有降低,而PAP则有所升高,以复合伤后变化的幅度最大。且复合伤后24h肺体指数与肺含水率明显高于冲击伤后及破片伤后。形态学的改变显示:复合伤动物多数发生重度肺损伤,冲击伤动物多数为中度肺损伤,而破片伤动物仅少数出现轻度肺损伤。结果提示:狗肢体高速破片致伤对中度冲击伤的肺损伤具有加重作用。     

An underpressure generator and its application

A generator to induce simulated underpressure of blast waves has been designed andapplied for the study of underpressure injuries in animals.The generator consists of a vacuumchamber,a vacuum pump,an experimental chamber,a membrane-rupturing device,and apressure-measuring system.When the pressure in the vacuum chamber is reduced with the suc-tion of the vacuum pump to a given level,the membrane separating the vacuum chamber andthe experimental chamber,in which the experimental animal is fixed,is ruptured instantly by asharp pointer.Underpressure occurs in the experimental chamber as soon as its pressure is re-duced rapidly.The physical parameters of the simulated underpressure of blast waves rangefrom-13 to-90 kPa for the peak level,1 to 90 ms for the decreasing time and 14 to 2000 msfor the duration.Animal experimentation with the generator verified that underpressure can in-flict injuries on living bodies as well.     

A Newly Designed Shock Tube for Biological Testing

A newly designed shock-tube for biological testing has been built in our labo-ratory.This tube is 39.34 m long.It consists of several sections:high pressure section,divergent section,transitional section,test section and wave-dissipated section.In theopen condition,the maximal overpressure is about 214,3 kPa,while in the closed condi-tion,the maximal overpressure may go up to 630.3 kPa.The energy source is compres-sed air.Using this equipment,we are able to inflict blast injuries with various degreesof severity in rabbits,dogs and sheep.     

肺冲击伤后动脉血气和X线胸片的改变

本文报告了狗和绵羊冲击伤后动脉血气和X线胸片的改变。结果表明在肺冲击伤伤情较重时,可见PaO_2明显下降和X线胸片显示片状或絮状阴影,而对伤情较轻者则两者均未见明显改变。结果提示血气和X线胸片检查对较重的肺冲击伤有一定的诊断价值。     

狗冲击伤的荷载机制及效应研究

本文通过对暴露于空中爆炸波(激波)中的动物所承受不同的激波压力模态进行分析,表明处于规则反射区(NRA)与马赫反射区(MRA)中的动物的荷载机制是明显不同的。有关动物的实验结果是采用BST—Ⅰ型生物激波管致伤。其一选用44只雄性杂种狗是有端板(即NRA或MRA有反射壁)状态,另外选用8只雄性杂种狗是开口(即MRA自由场)状态。两组实验表明其创伤严重特点和创伤的分布规律都存在显著的差异。所观察到的各个器官的病理形态学和超微结构改变的动物实验结果,能够为冲击伤防护和诊治的进一步研究提供理论和临床上的依据。     

BST-Ⅰ型生物激波管动物实验研究

成年雄性杂种狗52只,体重12.3±1.8kg。BST-Ⅰ型生物激波管致伤。结果表明,生物激波管具有激波稳定、参数测试准确、重复性好、伤后早期即可进行各种功能性指标测定等优点。实验动物均见有不同程度的冲击伤,损伤程度与压力峰值有密切关系。提示生物激波管可在一定程度上模拟小型核武器、化爆产生的冲击波,造成典型的冲击伤,因而是一种较为理想的冲击伤致伤设备。     

创伤后肺损伤与中性粒细胞、肺泡巨噬细胞及氧自由基变化

本实验通过对循环中性粒细胞(PMN)和肺泡巨噬细胞(PAM)的氧自由基产生释放量、肺含水率、支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中白蛋白浓度、肺组织匀浆脂质过氧化物(LPO)量和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性等的测定,以探讨烧冲复合伤后PMN和PAM产生释放氧自由基的变化规律及其与创伤后肺损伤间的关系。实验结果显示,致伤后上述各指标除CAT活性外均明显增加,而肺组织中CAT活性却明显下降。提示致伤后循环PMN和PAM被激活,氧自由基增加可能与创伤后肺继发性通透性损伤的发生发展有密切的关系。