PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS Ⅰ. EARLY DIAGNOSIS OF OPEN NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS BY QUALITATIVE ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ISOENZYME IN AMNIOTIC FLUID

The measurement of amniotic fluid (AF) acetylcholinesterase isoenzyme (AChEI) is a relatively new method for early diagnosis of open neural tube defects (NTDs). As quantitative methods are of unproven reliability at present, the authors used a high resolving power qualitative method-vertical slab polyaerylamide gel electrophoresis. The benefits of this technique are: simplicity of operation, accuracy, unsophisticated equipment, and easily available reagents. Combined results of 9 NTDs studies revealed that samples from early pregnancy gave more accurate results than those from late pregnancy.     

尿雌激素胶乳凝集测定法在产科临床应用的观察

<正> 在晚期妊娠中,测定尿雌激素对预测胎儿发育状况及胎儿胎盘单位功能具有一定的意义。目前通用的测定方法,如生化分析、气相色谱及放射免疫法等存在操作时间长和设备昂贵等缺点,限制了产科临床的普遍应用。     

定性分析羊水乙酰胆硷酯酶在早期诊断开放性神经管缺陷胎儿中的应用

分析羊水乙酰胆硷酯酶是早期诊断开放性神经管缺陷胎儿(NTDs)的一种新的、可靠的检测方法。鉴于目前所用的定量法测定羊水胆硷酯酶的可靠性差,本文介绍了一种分辨率高的定性分析法,即垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法。其优点是操作方便、判断结果容易、可靠;设备简单;国内可供应各类必需试剂,便于推广应用。结合9例NTDs 结果的初步分析,提示妊娠期越早的羊水标本,其诊断的正确率越高。     

12小时尿E_3/C值用于妊娠高血压综合征产前监护的评价

本文应用过夜12小时尿E_5/C值对30～42周妊娠高血压综合征258例进行产前监护,并以正常孕妇201例作对照;同时又和“24小时尿E_5值”结果进行比较。E_5/C值的假阳性率明显低于E_3值;中、重度妊高征组E_5/C及E_5值的假阳性、假阴性率及低E_3/C值例数都显著多于正常孕妇组(P<0.001);2例围产儿死亡都是中、重度妊高征组中伴有低E_5/C值的低体重儿,而E_5/C值正常者则无围产儿死亡。最后对有关E_5/C值的变异原因作了重点讨论。认为过夜12小时尿E_5/C值是监护胎儿健康较为可靠的指标之一。     

新胎盘蛋白及其在妇产科领域中的应用(Ⅱ)

四、PP_(12)(placental protein 12)PP_(12)是一种糖蛋白,首次由Bohn(1980)从人的胎盘中将其分离出来。足月胎盘分离出PP_(12)的量平均为0.8mg/100g,一个足月胎盘约含5mgPP_(12)。其理化性质见表1。PP_(12)的同义词:chorionic α-microglobulin(CAG-Ⅰ); placenta-specific α_1-microglobulin (PAMG-1)④及α_1-Pregnancy-associated endometrial     

正常孕妇复合感染后妊娠结局的研究

目的 :探讨正常孕妇复合感染后对妊娠结局的影响并拟定初筛感染原方案。方法 :收集在本院分娩的 2 16例、2 16例正常头位初产妇初诊时的宫颈分泌物。每份标本都采用 3种聚合酶链反应 (PCR)同步检测 9种较常见的感染原 :人型支原体 (MH)、疱疹病毒 1、2型 (HSV- 1、2 )和人乳头瘤病毒 (HPV)应用 1次 PCR;解脲支原体 (U U)、沙眼衣原体(CT)及巨细胞病毒 (CMV)使用套式 PCR;淋球菌 (NG)与弓形体 (TOXO)采用两个基因区 PCR。结果 :1除外 7例因其他因素引起的不良妊娠结局者 ,复合感染率为 9.1% (19/ 2 0 9) ;占总感染数 2 0 .9% (19/ 91)。 2 19例复合感染中除 1例外 ,均感染支原体 ;3例死胎、畸胎均由复合感染疱疹科病毒孕妇所娩 ,其中 1例死胎脑组织检出 CMV- DNA。 3复合感染者之胎儿窘迫、剖宫产和死胎、畸胎率均明显高于未受染者 (P<0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1) ;而单一受染者则未发生死胎、畸胎。结论 :产前 ,最好在孕前 ,正常孕妇也应常规筛查至少两类疱疹科病毒 :CMV和 HSV- 2     

妊娠合并糖尿病──妊娠合并糖尿病的病因学研究

妊娠合并糖尿病中的一类 ,即孕前糖尿病患者妊娠 ,这包括 1型和 2型糖尿病患者的妊娠。其发病机制已由相关的学科阐述 ,这里不再赘述。本文撰写的重点是另两类 ,即妊娠期糖尿病 (ＧＤＭ )和其过渡型 ,妊娠期糖耐量减退(ＧＩＧＴ)的病因学研究。1　正常妊娠存在致糖尿病形成的倾向[1～ 3]正常妊娠期间 ,最主要的代谢变化是对抗胰岛素分解葡萄糖的作用增加 ,以及对胰岛素敏感度下降 ,尤其是妊娠晚期 ,对胰岛素的敏感度可下降 45 %～ 70 % ,这明显低于非孕期的相应值。已证实 :妊娠期对抗胰岛素作用增强的因素 ,主要系来自胎盘分泌的 5种对抗胰…     

蒲黄、丹参对纤维蛋白损伤内皮细胞的保护作用

应用传代培养的牛和人主动脉内皮细胞及原代培养的人脐静脉内皮细胞为实验模型,用1%纤维蛋白的琼脂薄膜复盖于融合成单层的细胞上,观察比较蒲黄、丹参对纤维蛋白损伤牛和人血管内皮细胞的影响。发现牛和人主动脉或脐静脉内皮细胞接触含纤维蛋白的琼脂薄膜后,部分细胞出现收缩移动和细胞间隙增宽,随后大多细胞脱落,少数聚集成团;而加入蒲黄血清或丹参针液的防治组,大部分细胞形态基本正常。加入蒲黄、丹参防治组的培养液中,LDH及ACP含量均明显低于实验对照组。提示蒲黄、丹参均能减轻纤维蛋白凝块对血管内皮的损伤作用。     

PERINATAL FETAL WELL-BEING MONITORING: A COMPARISON BETWEEN RANDOMIZED URINARY ESTRIOL/CREATININE AND SERUM FREE ESTRIOL DETERMINATION

Randomized urinary and blood samples were obtained from three hundred and ninety-two cases of late pregnancies simultaneously for comparison of the validity in perinatal fetal monitoring. The results of randomized urinary estriol/creatinine (RUE_3/C) and serum free estriol (SFE_3) tests revealed that Ⅰ. The coefficient of correlation between RUE_3/C and SFE_3 level were close in either normal or high-risk pregnancies (y=0.1477X+14.2368, r=0.4586, n=170; y=0.1724X+8.6698, r=0.5868, n=222, respectively, P<0.001); 2.92%cases of the false positive rate of RUE_3/C were corrected by SFE_3 test. In cases of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) the false positive rate of RUE_3/C were highest in comparison with those in cuses of other high-risk pregnancies (53.6%); 3. The correct rate of SFE_3 test in prenatal predication of fetal well-being was significantly higher (95.6%) than that of RUE_3/C (87.3%) (X~2=17.77, P<0.001). This paper suggests that RUE_3/C can be used as a first line test for perinatal monitoring. When RUE_3/C value is lower than normal, SFE_3 test should be added to ensure the reliability of perinatal diagnosis, especially in PIH cases. Obviously, to use these two tests for perinatal fetal monitoring simultaneously is better than to use any one test alone.